JP2016538698A - 高分子電解質膜、高分子電解質膜を含む膜電極接合体および膜電極接合体を含む燃料電池 - Google Patents
高分子電解質膜、高分子電解質膜を含む膜電極接合体および膜電極接合体を含む燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
IEC(ion exchange capacity)2.16meq/gの炭化水素系高分子を7wt%としてDMSO(Dimethyl sulfoxide)に溶かして含浸溶液を製造した。前記含浸溶液に、厚さ約5μm、気孔度約80%の2以上のセルが規則的に分布する3次元網状構造の支持体を含浸した。以後、80℃のオーブンで24時間乾燥して混合層を製造した。IEC(ion exchange capacity)1.81meq/gの炭化水素系高分子を7wt%としてDMSO(Dimethyl sulfoxide)に溶かして溶液を製造した後、前記混合層の上面および下面に塗布し、80℃のオーブンで24時間乾燥して純粋層を形成した。製造された高分子電解質膜は、10%硫酸で80℃で24時間酸処理後、蒸留水で4回以上洗浄した後、80℃で乾燥して、高分子電解質膜を製造した。
含浸溶液に含まれる炭化水素系高分子のIEC(ion exchange capacity)が1.81meq/gであり、純粋層を追加的に形成せず、前記実施例1と同様の方法で高分子電解質膜を製造した。
含浸溶液に含まれる炭化水素系高分子のIEC(ion exchange capacity)が1.68meq/gであり、支持体は、厚さ約5μm、気孔度85%以上で、かつ、セルで定義できない、気孔が不規則に分布する構造のePTFEを使用し、純粋層を追加的に形成せず、前記実施例1と同様の方法で高分子電解質膜を製造した。
前記実施例および比較例により製造された高分子電解質膜の燃料電池における性能を測定するために、前記高分子電解質膜を含む膜電極接合体を製造した。具体的には、前記高分子電解質膜を8cm×8cmの四角形に切り取り、前記高分子電解質膜の上面および下面にPt0.4mg/cm2のカーボン担持白金触媒を5cm×5cmの大きさに転写して、膜電極接合体を製造した。
Claims (28)
- イオン移動領域および3次元網状構造の支持体を含む混合層を含み、
前記イオン移動領域は、第1イオン伝導性高分子を含む2以上のセルが3次元的に接する構造であり、
前記第1イオン伝導性高分子のIEC(ion exchange capacity)は、1.7meq/g以上2.5meq/g以下であることを特徴とする高分子電解質膜。 - 前記混合層の上面、または下面、または上面および下面上に具備された第2イオン伝導性高分子を含む純粋層を含み、
前記第2イオン伝導性高分子のIEC(ion exchange capacity)は、前記第1伝導性高分子のIEC(ion exchange capacity)より低いことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜。 - 前記第2イオン伝導性高分子のIEC(ion exchange capacity)は、前記第1イオン伝導性高分子のIEC(ion exchange capacity)より0.2meq/g以上低いことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記第2イオン伝導性高分子のIEC(ion exchange capacity)は、0.9meq/g以上1.8meq/g以下であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記純粋層は、混合層に接して具備された前記第1イオン伝導性高分子を含む追加の純粋層をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記混合層の厚さが1μm以上30μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記純粋層の厚さは、それぞれ独立に、0μm超過6μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記追加の純粋層の厚さは、0μm超過5μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記混合層の上面および下面にそれぞれ具備された前記純粋層間の厚さの差は、前記混合層の厚さの50%以下であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記混合層と前記全体純粋層との厚さの比率は、1:0〜1:4であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記高分子電解質膜の全体厚さは、3μm以上36μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記混合層の全体体積に対して、前記イオン移動領域は、40体積%以上85体積%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 高分子電解質膜の上面に水平な任意の面において、前記セルは、いずれか一方向(x軸方向)およびこれに垂直な方向(y軸方向)と高分子電解質膜の厚さ方向(z軸方向)に2層以上積層されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記支持体は、2以上の前記セルが分布するスポンジ構造であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記高分子電解質膜の垂直断面および水平断面ともに2以上の前記セルの断面を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記支持体は、2以上のノード(node)からなり、それぞれのノードは、3以上の分枝を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記イオン移動領域は、イオンの移動時、1μmあたりに3以上の変曲地点を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記支持体は、炭化水素系またはフッ素系物質を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記支持体は、半結晶質ポリマーを含むことを特徴とする請求項18に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記支持体は、ポリオレフィン、フルオロカーボン、ポリアミド、ポリエステル、ポリアセタール(またはポリオキシメチレン)、ポリスルフィド、ポリビニルアルコール、これらのコポリマー、およびこれらの組み合わせを含むことを特徴とする請求項18に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記第1イオン伝導性高分子および前記第2イオン伝導性高分子は、それぞれスルホン化ベンズイミダゾール系高分子、スルホン化ポリイミド系高分子、スルホン化ポリエーテルイミド系高分子、スルホン化ポリフェニレンスルフィド系高分子、スルホン化ポリスルホン系高分子、スルホン化ポリエーテルスルホン系高分子、スルホン化ポリエーテルケトン系高分子、スルホン化ポリエーテル−エーテルケトン系高分子、スルホン化ポリフェニルキノキサリン系高分子、スルホン化部分フッ素系が導入された高分子、およびスルホン化フッ素系高分子からなる群より選択される1種または2種以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記高分子電解質膜の空気透過度は、6sec/100ml以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記イオン移動領域は、前記第1イオン伝導性高分子を70体積%以上100体積%以下で含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記高分子電解質膜の引張強度は、200kgf/cm2以上2000kgf/cm2以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記高分子電解質膜の伸び率(elongation)は、50%以上300%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記高分子電解質膜のRHサイクルは、20,000回以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 請求項1〜26のいずれか1項に記載の高分子電解質膜を含む膜電極接合体。
- 請求項27に記載の膜電極接合体を含む燃料電池。
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