JP2016530721A - ラジアルpn接合ナノワイヤ太陽電池 - Google Patents
ラジアルpn接合ナノワイヤ太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 198
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 46
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 36
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 36
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 22
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- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002784 hot electron Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006117 anti-reflective coating Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 Al x Ga 1-x As Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000980 Aluminium gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
351を有する。光波Ψ1は、上付きの「−」符号及び矢印342で示す後進成分
341も有する。各光波は異なるスラブnx-1310、nx320、及びnx+1330を通過するので、当該光波が通過中のスラブを下付き符号で示す。例えば、成分
は、一番右のスラブnx+1330内の前進成分Ψ2である。
及び
は次式で表される:
及び
は次式で表される:
は次式で与えられる:
は複素屈折率の虚部である。αが既知であれば、光発生は次の方程式で計算することができる:
及び
は、それぞれホール及び電子のトラップアシスト・オージェ再結合係数である。
Claims (25)
- 基板に固定された少なくとも1つのナノワイヤ構造を具えた光起電力デバイスであって、
前記少なくとも1つのナノワイヤ構造の各々が、
高濃度にドーピングされたp型コアであって、前記基板に固定された近端及び前記基板から離れるように延びる遠端を有するp型コアと、
前記p型コアの周囲のn型シェルと
を具えている光起電力デバイス。 - 前記p型コアがGaAsで形成され、前記n型シェルがAlxGa1-xAsで形成され、xが0.2以下の値を有する、請求項1に記載の光起電力デバイス。
- 前記p型コアが、
擬フェルミ準位エネルギー分裂を最大にすること、
前記ナノワイヤ構造のビルトイン電界を最大にすること、
前記ナノワイヤ構造の吸収スペクトルを拡張すること、及び
前記コア内に向かう太陽光の回折及び反射の少なくとも一方を最大にすること、
のうち少なくとも1つを行うのに十分な高濃度にドーピングされている、請求項1または2に記載の光起電力デバイス。 - 前記p型コアのドーピング密度が1018cm-3よりも大きく、好適には1019cm-3よりも大きい、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の光起電力デバイス。
- 前記p型コアのドーピング密度が1016cm-3以上かつ1018cm-3未満である、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の光起電力デバイス。
- 前記n型シェルが低濃度にドーピングされている、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の光起電力デバイス。
- 前記n型シェルが、
当該n型シェル内のデプレッション領域を最大にすること、及び
キャリア−キャリア散乱を最小にすること
のうち少なくとも一方を行うのに十分な低濃度にドーピングされている、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の光起電力デバイス。 - 前記n型シェルのドーピング密度が1017cm-3未満であり、好適には1016cm-3未満である、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の光起電力デバイス。
- 前記n型シェルが、当該n型シェル内のキャリア−キャリア散乱損失を最小にするのに十分なほど薄い、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の光起電力デバイス。
- 前記n型シェルが、20nm〜50nmの厚さ、好適には30nmの厚さを有する、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の光起電力デバイス。
- 前記p型コアの直径が、入射する太陽光スペクトルと前記ナノワイヤ構造の光伝搬モードとのスペクトル・オーバーラップを最大にするのに十分なほど大きい、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の光起電力デバイス。
- 前記p型コアの直径が300nmより大きく、好適には400nmより大きい、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の光起電力デバイス。
- 前記ナノワイヤ構造の長さが、入射する太陽光スペクトルのうち深く侵入するスペクトル成分を吸収するのに十分なほど長い、請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の光起電力デバイス。
- 前記ナノワイヤ構造の長さが、ホール・パイルアップを最小にするように制限されている、請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の光起電力デバイス。
- 前記ナノワイヤ構造の長さが5μm〜7μmである、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の光起電力デバイス。
- 前記基板がシリコンを含む、請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の光起電力デバイス。
- 前記基板が黒鉛層を含む、請求項1〜16のいずれかに記載の光起電力デバイス。
- 前記ナノワイヤ構造の遠端が反射防止コーティングを具えている、請求項1〜17のいずれかに記載の光起電力デバイス。
- 前記少なくとも1つのナノワイヤ構造の各々が、透明導電性酸化物(TCO)でコーティングされている、請求項1〜18のいずれかに記載の光起電力デバイス。
- 前記少なくとも1つのナノワイヤ構造の上方に平面TCO接点を具えている、請求項1〜18のいずれかに記載の光起電力デバイス。
- 前記平面TCO接点と前記少なくとも1つのナノワイヤ構造との間に絶縁ポリマーが配置されている、請求項20に記載の光起電力デバイス。
- 前記p型コアが、300nmより大きい半径、好適には400nmより大きい半径を有し、1018cm-3より大きいドーピング密度、好適には1019cm-3より大きいドーピング密度を有するGaAsで形成され、前記n型シェルが、50nm未満の厚さ、好適には40nm未満の厚さを有し、1017cm-3未満のドーピング濃度、好適には1016cm-3未満のドーピング濃度を有するAl0.2Ga0.8Asで形成され、前記ナノワイヤ構造が、5μmより長い長さ、好適には5μm〜7μmの長さ、より好適には6μmの長さを有する、請求項1に記載の光起電力デバイス。
- 基板上に成長させた少なくとも1つのナノワイヤを具えた光起電力デバイスを製造する方法であって、
高濃度にドーピングされたp型コア、及びこのp型コアの周囲のn型シェルを具えたナノワイヤを成長させるステップを含み、
前記p型コアが、前記基板に固定された近端及び前記基板から離れるように延びる遠端を有する、光起電力デバイスの製造方法。 - 請求項1〜22のいずれかに記載の光起電力デバイスを複数具えた太陽電池であって、
前記前記複数の光起電力デバイスがアレイの形に配置され、このアレイが、8%より大きい充填率、好適には20%より大きい充填率、より好適には50〜55%の充填率を有する、太陽電池。 - 基板に固定された少なくとも1つのナノワイヤ構造を具えた光起電力デバイスであって、前記少なくとも1つのナノワイヤ構造の各々が、
前記少なくとも1つのナノワイヤ構造の上方の平面TCO接点と、
前記基板に固定された近端及び前記基板から離れるように延びる遠端を有するp型コアと、
前記p型コアの周囲のn型シェルとを具え、
前記平面TCO接点と前記少なくとも1つのナノワイヤ構造との間に絶縁ポリマーが配置されている、光起電力デバイス。
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