JP2016510252A - 液体含浸表面を利用した装置および方法 - Google Patents
液体含浸表面を利用した装置および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004987 plasma desorption mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000184 poly(octadecyl acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008458 response to injury Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-MDZDMXLPSA-N trans-Brassidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-MDZDMXLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
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- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
- F28F19/006—Preventing deposits of ice
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
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Abstract
Description
本願は、米国仮特許出願第61/827,444号(2013年5月24日出願)および米国仮特許出願第61/728,219号(2012年11月19日出願)の利益を主張するものであり、これらの全体は、参照により本明細書中に援用される。
(実験実施例)
(材料および方法−潤滑剤含浸表面)
(レーザ共焦点傾向顕微鏡(LCFM)撮像)
マイクロ支柱上部が、浸漬後、潤滑剤で被覆されているかどうかを判定するために、LCFM(Olympus FV 300)が、使用された。蛍光染料(DFSB−175、Risk Reactor、CA)が、潤滑剤中に溶解され、テクスチャ加工された基材が、上に説明されたように、浸漬コーティングを使用して、染色潤滑剤で含浸された。染料は、波長約400nmで励起され、結果として生じる放射率が、顕微鏡によって捕捉された。いくつかの実施形態では、集束レーザビームが、サンプルを通して走査するにつれて、染料を含有する面積は、明るく現れ、潤滑剤の存在を示した。これは、例えば、図1(g)では、シリコーン油で含有された基材上に示される。対照的に、いくつかの実施形態では、BMImは、支柱上部を湿潤させず、したがって、例えば、(図1(h))示されるように、暗く現れる。
接触角測定
Claims (52)
- 液体含浸表面を備える物品であって、前記表面は、含浸液体と、前記含浸液体をその間またはその中に安定させて含有するように十分に近接して離間される固体特徴の基質とを備え、
(i)0<φ≦0.25であって、式中φは、平衡時(例えば、平衡は、擬平衡を包含し得る)、非浸水固体(すなわち、前記含浸液体によって含浸されない、例えば、「非浸水」であるが、依然として、水と接触し得る)に対応する前記液体含浸表面の予測表面積の代表的分画であることと、
(ii)Sow(v)<0であって、式中、Sow(v)は、γwv−γwo−γovとして定義される拡散係数であって、γは、下付き文字によって指定される2つの相間の界面張力であって、前記下付き文字は、w、v、およびoから選択され、wは、水であって、vは、前記表面と接触する気相であって(例えば、空気)、およびoは、前記含浸液体であることと、
のうちの一方または両方が該当する、物品。 - 0<φ≦0.25である、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 0.01<φ≦0.25である、請求項1に記載の物品。
- Sow(v)<0である、前記請求項のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 前記含浸液体は、シリコーン油、ジカプリル酸/ジカプリン酸プロピレングリコール、パーフルオロポリエーテル(PFPE)、ポリアルファオレフィン(PAO)、合成炭化水素コオリゴマー、フッ化ポリシロキサン、プロピレングリコール、テトラクロルエチレン(パークロルエチレン)、フェニルイソチオシアナート(フェニルカラシ油)、ブロモベンゼン、ヨードベンゼン、o−ブロモトルエン、アルファ−クロロナフタレン、アルファ−ブロモナフタレン、四臭化アセチレン、1−ブチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミド(BMIm)、トリブロモヒドリン(1,2,3−トリブロモプロパン)、二臭化エチレン、二硫化炭素、ブロモホルム、ヨウ化メチレン(ジヨードメタン)、stanolax、Squibb流動ワセリン、p−ブロモトルエン、モノブロモベンゼン、パークロルエチレン、二硫化炭素、フェニルカラシ油、モノヨードベンゼン、アルファ−モノクロロ−ナフタレン、四臭化アセチレン、アニリン、ブチルアルコール、イソアミルアルコール、n−ヘプチルアルコール、クレゾール、オレイン酸、リノレン酸、およびアミルフタレートから成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの部材を備える、前記請求項のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 前記固体特徴は、ポリマー固体、セラミック固体、フッ化固体、金属間固体、および複合固体から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの部材を備える、前記請求項のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 前記固体特徴は、化学的に修飾された表面、コーティングされた表面、接合された単層を伴う表面を備える、前記請求項のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 前記固体特徴は、細孔、空洞、ウェル、相互接続された細孔、および相互接続された空洞から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの部材を画定する、前記請求項のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 前記固体特徴は、支柱、ナノ針、ナノグラス、略球形粒子、および非晶質粒子から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの部材を備える、前記請求項のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 前記固体特徴は、粗面表面を有する(例えば、前記固体特徴は、表面粗度>50nm、>100nm、例えば、また、<1μmを有する)、前記請求項のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 前記粗面表面は、θos(v),receding<θcであって、式中、θcは、臨界接触角であるように、その間またはその中に液体の安定した含浸を提供する、請求項10に記載の物品。
- 前記液体含浸表面は、前記表面に接触する水滴が、前記表面上にピン固定または貫入されず、かつ40°未満の転落角αを有するように構成される、前記請求項のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 前記水滴は、25°未満の転落角αを有する、請求項12に記載の物品。
- 液体含浸表面を備える物品であって、前記表面は、含浸液体と、前記含浸液体をその間またはその中に安定させて含有するように十分に近接して離間される固体特徴の基質とを備え、
(i)θos(w),receding=0であることと、
(ii)θos(v),receding=0およびθos(w),receding=0であることと、
のうちの一方または両方が該当し、式中、θos(w),recedingは、水(下付き文字「w」)の存在下における、前記表面(下付き文字「s」)上の前記含浸液体(例えば、油、下付き文字「o」)の後退接触角であって、θos(v),recedingは、気相(下付き文字「v」、例えば、空気)の存在下における、前記表面(下付き文字「s」)上の前記含浸液体(例えば、油、下付き文字「o」)の後退接触角である、物品。 - 液体含浸表面を備える物品であって、前記表面は、含浸液体と、前記含浸液体をその間またはその中に安定させて含有するように十分に近接して離間される固体特徴の基質とを備え、
(i)θos(v),receding>0であることと、
(ii)θos(w),receding>0であることと、
のうちの一方または両方が該当し、式中、θos(v),recedingは、気相(下付き文字「v」、例えば、空気)の存在下における、前記表面(下付き文字「s」)上の前記含浸液体(例えば、油、下付き文字「o」)の後退接触角であって、θos(w),recedingは、水(下付き文字「w」)の存在下における、前記表面上の(下付き文字「s」)前記含浸液体(例えば、油、下付き文字「o」)の後退接触角である、物品。 - θos(v),receding>0であって、かつθos(w),receding>0の両方である、請求項15に記載の物品。
- (i)θos(v),receding<θcであることと、
(ii)θos(w),receding<θcであることと、
のうちの一方または両方が該当し、式中、θcは、臨界接触角である、請求項15または16に記載の物品。 - (i)θos(v),receding<θ* cであることと、
(ii)θos(w),receding<θ* cであることと、
のうちの一方または両方が該当し、式中θ* c=cos−1(1/r)であって、rは、前記表面の固体部分の粗度である、請求項15から17のいずれかに記載の物品。 - 前記物品は、パイプライン、蒸気タービン部品、ガスタービン部品、航空機部品、風力タービン部品、眼鏡、鏡、送電線、コンテナ、フロントガラス、エンジン部品、ノズル、管、あるいはその一部またはコーティングから成る群から選択される部材である、請求項15から18のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 内部表面を備える物品であって、少なくとも部分的に、封入され(例えば、前記物品は、油パイプライン、他のパイプライン、消費者製品コンテナ、他のコンテナである)、粘度μ1の流体を含有または移送するために適合され、前記内部表面は、液体含浸表面を備え、前記液体含浸表面は、含浸液体と、前記含浸液体をその間またはその中に安定させて含有するように十分に近接して離間される固体特徴の基質とを備え、前記含浸液体は、水(粘度μ2を有する)を備える、物品。
- μ1/μ2>1である、請求項20に記載の物品。
- μ1/μ2>0.1である、請求項20に記載の物品。
- (h/R)(μ1/μ2)>0.1である(hは、前記固体特徴の平均高さであって、Rは、前記パイプの半径または開放システム内の平均流体深度である)、請求項20から22のいずれかに記載の物品。
- (h/R)(μ1/μ2)>0.5である、請求項23に記載の物品。
- R<1mmである、請求項23または24に記載の物品。
- 前記含浸液体は、添加剤(例えば、界面活性剤)を備え、前記含浸液体の蒸発を防止または低減させる、請求項20から25のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 前記表面は、前記固体特徴の上方に延在する、過剰含浸液体(例えば、油)の引上領域を備える、請求項1から19のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 液体含浸表面を備える物品であって、前記表面は、含浸液体と、前記含浸液体をその間またはその中に安定させて含有するように十分に近接して離間される固体特徴の基質とを備え、
(i)0<φ≦0.25であって、式中、φは、平衡時(例えば、平衡は、擬平衡を包含し得る)、非浸水固体(すなわち、前記含浸液体によって含浸されない、すなわち、「非浸水」であるが、依然として、前記表面の外部の非気相と接触し得る)に対応する前記液体含浸表面の予測表面積の代表的分画であることと、
(ii)Soe(v)<0であって、式中、Soe(v)は、γev−γeo−γovとして定義される拡散係数であって、γは、下付き文字によって指定される2つの相間の界面張力であって、前記下付き文字は、e、v、およびoから選択され、eは、前記表面の外部の、前記含浸液体と異なる、非気相(例えば、液体または半固体)であって、vは、前記表面の外部の気相(例えば、空気)であって、およびoは、前記含浸液体であることと、
のうちの一方または両方が該当する、物品。 - 0<φ≦0.25である、請求項28に記載の物品。
- 0.01<φ≦0.25である、請求項28に記載の物品。
- Soe(v)<0である、請求項28から30のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 前記含浸液体は、シリコーン油、ジカプリル酸/ジカプリン酸プロピレングリコール、パーフルオロポリエーテル(PFPE)、ポリアルファオレフィン(PAO)、合成炭化水素コオリゴマー、フッ化ポリシロキサン、プロピレングリコール、テトラクロルエチレン(パークロルエチレン)、フェニルイソチオシアナート(フェニルカラシ油)、ブロモベンゼン、ヨードベンゼン、o−ブロモトルエン、アルファ−クロロナフタレン、アルファ−ブロモナフタレン、四臭化アセチレン、1−ブチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミド(BMIm)、トリブロモヒドリン(1,2,3−トリブロモプロパン)、二臭化エチレン、二硫化炭素、ブロモホルム、ヨウ化メチレン(ジヨードメタン)、stanolax、Squibb流動ワセリン、p−ブロモトルエン、モノブロモベンゼン、パークロルエチレン、二硫化炭素、フェニルカラシ油、モノヨードベンゼン、アルファ−モノクロロ−ナフタレン、四臭化アセチレン、アニリン、ブチルアルコール、イソアミルアルコール、n−ヘプチルアルコール、クレゾール、オレイン酸、リノレン酸、およびアミルフタレートから成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの部材を備える、請求項28から31のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 前記固体特徴は、ポリマー固体、セラミック固体、フッ化固体、金属間固体、および複合固体から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの部材を備える、請求項28から32のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 前記固体特徴は、化学的に修飾された表面、コーティングされた表面、接合された単層を伴う表面を備える、請求項28から33のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 前記固体特徴は、細孔、空洞、ウェル、相互接続された細孔、および相互接続された空洞から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの部材を画定する、請求項28から34のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 前記固体特徴は、支柱、ナノ針、ナノグラス、略球形粒子、および非晶質粒子から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの部材を備える、請求項28から35のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 前記固体特徴は、粗面表面を有する(例えば、前記固体特徴は、表面粗度<1μmを有する)、請求項28から36のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 前記粗面表面は、θos(v),receding<θcであって、式中、θcが、臨界接触角であるように、その間またはその中に液体の安定した含浸を提供する、請求項37に記載の物品。
- 前記液体含浸表面は、前記表面に接触する水滴が、前記表面上にピン固定または貫入されず、かつ40°未満の転落角αを有するように構成される、請求項28から37のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 前記水滴は、25°未満の転落角αを有する、請求項39に記載の物品。
- 液体含浸表面を備える物品であって、前記表面は、含浸液体と、前記含浸液体をその間またはその中に安定させて含有するように十分に近接して離間される固体特徴の基質とを備え、
(i)θos(e),receding=0であることと、
(ii)θos(v),receding=0およびθos(e),receding=0であることと、
のうちの一方または両方が該当し、式中、θos(e),recedingは、前記含浸液体(下付き文字「e」)と異なる前記表面の外部の非気相(例えば、液体、固体、半固体、ゲル)の存在下における、前記表面(下付き文字「s」)上の前記含浸液体(例えば、油、下付き文字「o」)の後退接触角であって、θos(v),recedingは、気相(下付き文字「v」、例えば、空気)の存在下における、前記表面(下付き文字「s」)上の前記含浸液体(例えば、油、下付き文字「o」)の後退接触角である、物品。 - 液体含浸表面を備える物品であって、前記表面は、含浸液体と、前記含浸液体をその間またはその中に安定させて含有するように十分に近接して離間される固体特徴の基質とを備え、
(i)θos(v),receding>0であることと、
(ii)θos(e),receding>0であることと、
のうちの一方または両方が該当し、式中、θos(v),recedingは、気相(下付き文字「v」、例えば、空気)の存在下における、前記表面(下付き文字「s」)上の前記含浸液体(例えば、油、下付き文字「o」)の後退接触角であって、θos(e),recedingは、前記含浸液体(下付き文字「e」)と異なる前記表面の外部の非気相(例えば、液体、固体、半固体、ゲル)の存在下における、前記表面(下付き文字「s」)上の前記含浸液体(例えば、油、下付き文字「o」)の後退接触角である、物品。 - θos(v),receding>0であって、かつθos(e),receding>0の両方である、請求項42に記載の物品。
- (i)θos(v),receding<θcであることと、
(ii)θos(e),receding<θcであることと、
のうちの一方または両方が該当し、式中、θcは、臨界接触角である、請求項42または43に記載の物品。 - (i)θos(v),receding<θ* cであることと、
(ii)θos(e),receding<θ* cであることと、
のうちの一方または両方が該当し、式中、θ* c=cos−1(1/r)であって、rは、前記表面の固体部分の粗度である、請求項42から44のいずれかに記載の物品。 - 前記物品は、パイプライン、蒸気タービン部品、ガスタービン部品、航空機部品、風力タービン部品、眼鏡、鏡、送電線、コンテナ、フロントガラス、エンジン部品、管、ノズル、あるいはその一部またはコーティングから成る群から選択される部材である、請求項42から45のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 前記表面は、前記固体特徴の上方に延在する、過剰含浸液体(例えば、油)の引上領域を備える、請求項28から46のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 前記表面を水に暴露するステップを含む、請求項1から27のいずれかに記載の物品を使用する方法。
- 前記表面を前記表面の外部の、前記含浸液体と異なる、前記非気相(例えば、液体または半固体)に暴露するステップを含む、請求項28から47のいずれかに記載の物品を使用する方法。
- 前記非気相は、食品、化粧品、セメント、アスファルト、タール、アイスクリーム、卵黄、水、アルコール、水銀、ガリウム、冷却剤、歯磨き粉、塗料、ピーナッツバター、ゼリー、ジャム、マヨネーズ、ケチャップ、マスタード、調味料、洗濯用洗剤、消費者製品、ガソリン、石油製品、油、生物学的流体、血液、血漿のうちの1つ以上を備える、請求項50に記載の方法。
- 前記表面の外部の(かつ前記表面と接触する)前記非気相の材料をさらに備え、前記物品は、前記非気相材料を含有する[例えば、前記物品は、コンテナ、パイプライン、ノズル、弁、導管、容器、瓶、金型、鋳型、伝送管、ボウル、桶、貯蔵箱、キャップ(例えば、洗濯用洗剤キャップ)、および/または管である]、請求項1から47のいずれかに記載の物品。
- 前記表面の外部の前記非気相の材料は、食品、化粧品、セメント、アスファルト、タール、アイスクリーム、卵黄、水、アルコール、水銀、ガリウム、冷却剤、歯磨き粉、塗料、ピーナッツバター、ゼリー、ジャム、マヨネーズ、ケチャップ、マスタード、調味料、洗濯用洗剤、消費者製品、ガソリン、石油製品、油、生物学的流体、血液、血漿のうちの1つ以上を備える、請求項51に記載の物品。
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