JP2016502251A - 固体アルカリイオン伝導性膜の劣化防止 - Google Patents
固体アルカリイオン伝導性膜の劣化防止 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title description 2
- -1 halide ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229940006461 iodide ion Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229940006460 bromide ion Drugs 0.000 claims abstract 4
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].OOO Chemical compound [Ni].OOO OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000483 nickel oxide hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium polysulfide Chemical compound [Na+].S HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 30
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229910002640 NiOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 3
- AIBQNUOBCRIENU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ni] AIBQNUOBCRIENU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000873 Beta-alumina solid electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000528 Na alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- IVRMZWNICZWHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N azide group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[N-] IVRMZWNICZWHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940006487 lithium cation Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FWMUJAIKEJWSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur dichloride Chemical compound ClSCl FWMUJAIKEJWSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
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Abstract
Description
13種の異なるNaSICON及びNaSICON型材料(セラマテック インク社製、ソルトレークシティー、ユタ州)を100℃の50重量%NaOH溶液中に配置した。試料を引き上げ溶解による重量ロスを測定した。試料は、約6.5重量%から50重量%を超える範囲で重量ロスが認められた。結果を図4に示す。
4種の異なる構成のNaSICON材料を100℃の50重量%NaOH溶液中に9週間配置し、溶解による重量ロスを測定した。それぞれの構成材料に対し3サンプルのそれぞれの重量を各週ごとに測定した。
3種の異なる構成のNaSICON材料を、異なるハロゲン化ナトリウム(6MのNaI、53重量%のNaBr、25重量%のNaCl)の100℃の溶液中に9週間配置し、溶解による重量ロスを測定した。それぞれの構成材料に対し3サンプルのそれぞれの重量を各週ごとに測定した。
4種の異なる構成のNaSICON材料を、異なるヨウ化ナトリウム(10MのNaI、6MのNaI及び3Mのヨウ素、6MのNaI、6MのNaI及び20重量%ホウ砂)の120℃の溶液中に9週間配置し、溶解による重量ロスを測定した。6MのNaI及び3Mのヨウ素は、ヨウ化ナトリウム塩を蒸留水に溶解し、次いで3Mのヨウ素結晶を溶液に添加して塩溶液中のヨウ素含有量を増加させる試みにより作成した。それぞれの構成材料に対し3サンプルのそれぞれの重量を各週ごとに測定した。
溶融ナトリウム二次電池(電池)を調製し、作動させた。負極(アノード)は溶融ナトリウムであり、正極(カソード)は銅線およびヨウ化銅であった。NaSICONナトリウムイオン伝導性電解質膜から成る1.4cmのディスクを負極と正極との間に配置した。正極溶液(または陰極液)は、10MのNaI中に2MのCuIを3mL含んでいる。電池は、約330時間を超えて43充電/放電サイクル被験された。電池は120℃の温度で作動させた。放電電圧は約2.15Vであった。図9は、種々の充電/放電サイクルに対する電池電圧のグラフを示す。理論にとらわれるわけではないが、充電サイクル中、CuIは過剰のヨウ素イオンとCuI2 −錯体を形成することにより溶解する。放電サイクル中、カソード上に銅メッキされる。二次電池の作動後、NaSICON電解質は、溶解による顕著な劣化を被っていない。
Claims (29)
- アノードから成る負極室と、水性陰極液を保持するための正極室と、負極室と正極室との間に配置される固体アルカリイオン伝導性膜とから成る電気化学的セルであって、上記正極室は陰極液と接するように配置されるカソードから成り、陰極液は、ハロゲン化物イオン、ポリハロゲン化物イオン、疑似ハロゲン化物イオン、硫化物イオン又は多硫化物イオンから成り、その濃度が3Mを超えることを特徴とする電気化学的セル。
- ハロゲン化物イオン、ポリハロゲン化物イオン、疑似ハロゲン化物イオン、硫化物イオン又は多硫化物イオンの濃度が6Mを超える請求項1に記載の電気化学的セル。
- ハロゲン化物イオン、ポリハロゲン化物イオン、疑似ハロゲン化物イオン、硫化物イオン又は多硫化物イオンの濃度が1.5Mを超える請求項1に記載の電気化学的セル。
- 正極室の作動温度において、ハロゲン化物イオン、ポリハロゲン化物イオン、疑似ハロゲン化物イオン、硫化物イオン又は多硫化物イオンの濃度が3Mからハロゲン化物イオン、ポリハロゲン化物イオン、疑似ハロゲン化物イオン、硫化物イオン又は多硫化物イオンの飽和濃度までである請求項1に記載の電気化学的セル。
- ハロゲン化物イオン、ポリハロゲン化物イオン、疑似ハロゲン化物イオン、硫化物イオン又は多硫化物イオンの濃度が6M〜10Mである請求項1に記載の電気化学的セル。
- ハロゲン化物イオン又は疑似ハロゲン化物イオンが、塩化物イオン、臭化物イオン、ヨウ化物イオン、アジド、チオシアネート及びシアン化物から選択される請求項1に記載の電気化学的セル。
- 固体アルカリイオン伝導性膜が、NaSICON又はNaSICON型材料のセラミック、LiSICON又はLiSICON型材料のセラミック及びKSICON又はKSICON型材料のセラミックから選択される材料から成る請求項1に記載の電気化学的セル。
- 電気化学的セルが溶融ナトリウム再充電型電池であり、電池が作動中アノードは伝導性電解質膜に接触する溶融ナトリウムから成り、アルカリイオン伝導性膜が、NaSICON型ナトリウムイオン伝導性膜であり、電池が作動温度100℃〜150℃で機能する請求項1に記載の電気化学的セル。
- 電池が作動温度110℃〜130℃で機能する請求項8に記載の電気化学的セル。
- カソードがオキシ水酸化ニッケル及び水酸化ニッケルから成る請求項8に記載の電気化学的セル。
- カソードが銅およびヨウ化銅から成り、陰極液がヨウ化ナトリウム又はナトリウムポリハロゲン化物から成る請求項8に記載の電気化学的セル。
- カソードが硫黄および多硫化物から成り、陰極液が硫化ナトリウム又は多硫化ナトリウムから成る請求項8に記載の電気化学的セル。
- 電気化学的セルを準備し、電気化学的セルを作動させることから成る固体アルカリイオン伝導性膜を劣化から防ぐ方法であって、電気化学的セルは、アノードから成る負極室と、水性陰極液と接触するように配置され水性陰極液を保有するためのカソードから成る正極室と、負極室と正極室との間に配置される固体アルカリイオン伝導性膜とから成り、陰極液は3Mを超える濃度のハロゲン化物イオン又は疑似ハロゲン化物イオンから成り、ハロゲン化物イオン又は疑似ハロゲン化物イオンの存在によって、固体アルカリイオン伝導性膜の劣化を防ぐことを特徴とする固体アルカリイオン伝導性膜を劣化から防ぐ方法。
- ハロゲン化物イオン又は疑似ハロゲン化物イオンの濃度が6Mを超える請求項13に記載の方法。
- ハロゲン化物イオン又は疑似ハロゲン化物イオンの濃度が、3Mから正極室の作動温度におけるハロゲン化物イオン又は疑似ハロゲン化物イオンの飽和濃度までの間である請求項13に記載の方法。
- ハロゲン化物イオン又は疑似ハロゲン化物イオンの濃度が3M〜10Mである請求項13に記載の方法。
- ハロゲン化物イオン又は疑似ハロゲン化物イオンが、塩化物イオン、臭化物イオン、ヨウ化物イオン、アジド、チオシアネート及びシアン化物から選択される請求項13に記載の方法。
- 固体アルカリイオン伝導性膜が、NaSICON又はNaSICON型材料のセラミック、LiSICON又はLiSICON型材料のセラミック及びKSICON又はKSICON型材料から選択される材料から成る請求項13に記載の方法。
- 電気化学的セルが溶融ナトリウム再充電可能電池であって、アノードが。電池作動中に伝導性電解質膜に接する溶融ナトリウム金属から成り、アルカリイオン伝導性膜がNaSICON型ナトリウムイオン伝導性膜から成り、電池が作動温度100℃〜150℃の間で機能する請求項13に記載の方法。
- 作動温度が110℃〜130℃で電池が機能する請求項19に記載の方法。
- カソードがオキシ水酸化ニッケル及び水酸化ニッケルから成る請求項19に記載の方法。
- 負極、正極室およびナトリウムイオン伝導性電解質膜から成る溶融ナトリウム二次電池であって、負極は放電中に電気化学的に酸化じてナトリウムイオンを放出し、充電中にナトリウムイオンをナトリウム金属に電気化学的に還元し、正極室中の正極は水性正極溶液中に配置され、水性正極溶液のハロゲン化物イオン又は疑似ハロゲン化物イオンの濃度が3Mを超え、ナトリウムイオン伝導性電解質膜は液体正極溶液から負極を分離し、電池が作動中に負極は溶融し、伝導性電解質膜に接触しており、作動温度100℃〜150℃で電池が機能することを特徴とする溶融ナトリウム二次電池。
- ハロゲン化物イオン又は疑似ハロゲン化物イオンの濃度がMを超える請求項22に記載の溶融ナトリウム二次電池。
- ハロゲン化物イオン又は疑似ハロゲン化物イオンの濃度が、6Mと、ハロゲン化物イオンは疑似ハロゲン化物イオンの飽和濃度との間である請求項22に記載の溶融ナトリウム二次電池。
- ハロゲン化物イオン又は疑似ハロゲン化物イオンの濃度が6M〜10Mである請求項22に記載の溶融ナトリウム二次電池。
- ハロゲン化物イオン又は疑似ハロゲン化物イオンが、塩化物イオン、臭化物イオン、ヨウ化物イオン、アジド、チオシアネート及びシアン化物から選択される請求項22に記載の溶融ナトリウム二次電池。
- ナトリウムイオン伝導性電解質膜が、セラミックNaSICON又はNaSICON型材料から選択される材料から成る.請求項22に記載の溶融ナトリウム二次電池。
- 電池が110℃〜130℃の作動温度で機能する請求項22に記載の溶融ナトリウム二次電池。
- 正極が銅およびヨウ化銅から成る請求項22に記載の溶融ナトリウム二次電池。
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