JP2016001603A - 負極活物質、及び蓄電装置 - Google Patents
負極活物質、及び蓄電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016001603A JP2016001603A JP2015101701A JP2015101701A JP2016001603A JP 2016001603 A JP2016001603 A JP 2016001603A JP 2015101701 A JP2015101701 A JP 2015101701A JP 2015101701 A JP2015101701 A JP 2015101701A JP 2016001603 A JP2016001603 A JP 2016001603A
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
- H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Abstract
Description
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である負極活物質について説明する。
次に、負極活物質100の作製方法の一例を示す。ここでは、負極活物質100が第1の領域にSiを、第2の領域にシリコン酸化物を有する場合の作製方法について説明する。
X線回折(XRD:X−Ray Diffraction)を用いることにより、物質の有する結晶構造を推定することができる。また、得られる回折スペクトルから格子定数や結晶子サイズを算出することができる。
本実施の形態では、実施の形態1に示す負極活物質を用いた電極について説明する。
図3(A)は負極200を俯瞰した図であり、図3(B)は図3(A)の破線で囲んだ部分の断面を示す図である。負極200は、負極集電体201上に負極活物質層202が設けられた構造である。なお、図3では負極集電体201の両面に負極活物質層202が設けられているが、負極集電体201の片面のみに負極活物質層202が設けられていてもよい。また、負極活物質層202は、負極活物質を有する。負極活物質には、実施の形態1に示す負極活物質を用いればよい。
次に、負極200の作製方法について説明する。
ここで、負極200の作製方法のより具体的な一例として、負極活物質にSiO粉末を用いる例を示す。
ここで、負極200の作製方法のさらなる一例として、負極活物質にSiO粉末と黒鉛を用いる例を示す。ここでは黒鉛として、人造黒鉛を用いる例を示す。人造黒鉛としては、例えばメソカーボンマイクロビーズ、炭素質メソフェーズ等を用いればよい。また黒鉛の表面積は、例えば1m2/g以上20m2/g以下が好ましく、1m2/g以上10m2/g以下がより好ましい。
本実施の形態では、実施の形態2に示す電極を用いた蓄電装置の一例を示す。
図5に、蓄電装置の一例として、薄型の蓄電池について示す。薄型の蓄電池は、可撓性を有する構成とすれば、可撓性を有する部位を少なくとも一部有する電子機器に実装すれば、電子機器の変形に合わせて蓄電池も曲げることもできる。
ここで、蓄電池の動作について説明する。
次に、正極503の構成について説明する。正極503は、正極集電体501と、正極活物質層502を有する。
次に、正極503の作製方法について説明する。
次に、蓄電池の作製方法について説明する。セパレータ507は袋状に加工し、正極503または負極506のいずれか一方を包むように配置することが好ましい。例えば、図7(A)に示すように、正極503を挟むようにセパレータ507を2つ折りにし、正極503と重なる領域よりも外側で封止部514により封止することで、正極503をセパレータ507内に確実に担持することができる。そして、図7(B)に示すように、セパレータ507に包まれた正極503と負極506とを交互に積層し、これらを外装体509に囲まれた領域に配置することで薄型の蓄電池500を形成するとよい。
次に蓄電装置の一例として、コイン型の蓄電池の一例を図12を用いて説明する。図12(A)はコイン型(単層偏平型)の蓄電池の外観図であり、図12(B)は、その断面図である。
次に蓄電装置の一例として、円筒型の蓄電池を示す。円筒型の蓄電池について、図13を参照して説明する。円筒型の蓄電池600は図13(A)に示すように、上面に正極キャップ(電池蓋)601を有し、側面及び底面に電池缶(外装缶)602を有している。これら正極キャップと電池缶(外装缶)602とは、ガスケット(絶縁パッキン)610によって絶縁されている。
図14乃至図15に、薄型の蓄電池の構成例を示す。図14(A)に示す捲回体993は、負極994と、正極995と、セパレータ996と、を有する。
また、蓄電システムの構造例について、図16、図17、図18を用いて説明する。ここで蓄電システムとは、例えば、蓄電装置を搭載した機器を指す。
本実施の形態では、可撓性を有する蓄電池を電子機器に実装する例について説明する。
本実施の形態では、蓄電装置を搭載することのできる電子機器の一例を示す。
本実施の形態では、車両に蓄電装置を搭載する例を示す。
まず、負極活物質となる試料111及至試料113を作製した。原料として、一酸化珪素(SiO)の粉末を用いた。
焼成により得られた試料111乃至試料113について、X線回折(XRD:X−Ray Diffraction)を評価した。X線回折の結果を図24に示す。図24(A)は試料111の、(B)は試料112の、(C)は試料113の結果を示す。ここで2θ=28°近傍のピークは(111)面、47°近傍のピークは(220)面、56°近傍のピークは(311)面にそれぞれ対応する。
次に、得られた試料111乃至試料113について、走査透過電子顕微鏡(STEM:Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy)、及び透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM:Transmission Electron Microscopy)による観察を行った。STEM装置として、日立ハイテクノロジーズ製HD−2300を用いた。またTEM装置として、日立ハイテクノロジーズ製H−9500を用いた。加速電圧は300kVを用いた。観察結果を図25乃至図30に示す。
レーザー回折粒度分布測定装置(SALD−2200型,島津製作所製)を用いて測定した。粒度の算出方式は、レーザ回折・散乱法を用いた。その平均粒径、およびD90(粒度分布測定結果の積算粒子量曲線において、その積算量が90%を占めるときの粒子径)の値を表2に示す。
実施例1で得られた負極活物質を用いて電極を作製した。導電助剤としてアセチレンブラック(AB)を、結着剤としてポリイミドの前駆体を用いた。電極の配合は、試料111:AB:ポリイミドの前駆体=80:5:15(weight%)となるようにした。
次に、作製した電極111乃至電極113のそれぞれに対して、対極としてリチウム金属を組み合わせてハーフセルを作製した。また各電極から複数の領域を打ち抜き、ハーフセルを2つまたは3つ作製した。各ハーフセルに用いた電極の膜厚及び担持量を表3に示す。
次に、作製したハーフセルの充放電を行った。測定温度は25℃とした。充電及び放電の条件を以下に説明する。放電(Li吸蔵)は、180mA/gで0.01Vを下限として定電流放電を行った後、0.01Vの電圧で18mA/gに相当する電流値を下限として定電圧放電を行った。また充電(Li脱離)は、180mA/gで2.5Vを上限として定電流充電を行った。また、充電後及び放電後に1時間の休止を行った。ここで休止とは、電圧を印加せずに保持することを指す。蓄電池111−3、蓄電池112−2及び蓄電池113−3は、1サイクルのみ充放電を行い、他の蓄電池は充放電サイクル特性の評価を行った。充放電サイクル特性については後述する。
放電と充電を1サイクル行った後、蓄電池111−3、蓄電池112−2及び蓄電池113−3を解体し、電極を取り出して走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM:Scanning Electron Microscopy)により観察を行った。観察結果を図34乃至図36に示す。図34(A)及び(B)は蓄電池111−3の電極111、図35(A)及び(B)は蓄電池112−2の電極112、図36(A)及び(B)は蓄電池113−3の電極113の観察結果を示す。また、図34(C)は放電と充電を行っていない電極111、図35(C)は放電と充電を行っていない電極112、図36(C)は放電と充電を行っていない電極113の観察結果を示す。
101 領域
102 領域
103 領域
200 負極
201 負極集電体
202 負極活物質層
300 蓄電池
301 正極缶
302 負極缶
303 ガスケット
304 正極
305 正極集電体
306 正極活物質層
307 負極
308 負極集電体
309 負極活物質層
310 セパレータ
500 蓄電池
501 正極集電体
502 正極活物質層
503 正極
504 負極集電体
505 負極活物質層
506 負極
507 セパレータ
508 電解液
509 外装体
510 正極リード電極
511 負極リード電極
512 溶接領域
513 湾曲部
514 封止部
521 グラフェン
522 正極活物質
600 蓄電池
601 正極キャップ
602 電池缶
603 正極端子
604 正極
605 セパレータ
606 負極
607 負極端子
608 絶縁板
609 絶縁板
611 PTC素子
612 安全弁機構
900 回路基板
910 ラベル
911 端子
912 回路
913 蓄電池
914 アンテナ
915 アンテナ
916 層
917 層
918 アンテナ
919 端子
920 表示装置
921 センサ
922 端子
951 端子
952 端子
981 フィルム
982 フィルム
990 蓄電池
991 外装体
992 外装体
993 捲回体
994 負極
995 正極
996 セパレータ
997 リード電極
998 リード電極
1122 充電器
1123 負荷
1500 リチウムイオン二次電池
1700 曲面
1701 平面
1702 曲線
1703 曲率半径
1704 曲率中心
1800 曲率中心
1801 フィルム
1802 曲率半径
1803 フィルム
1804 曲率半径
1805 電極・電解液を含む部材
7100 携帯表示装置
7101 筐体
7102 表示部
7103 操作ボタン
7104 蓄電装置
7200 携帯情報端末
7201 筐体
7202 表示部
7203 バンド
7204 バックル
7205 操作ボタン
7206 入出力端子
7207 アイコン
7300 表示装置
7304 表示部
7400 携帯電話機
7401 筐体
7402 表示部
7403 操作ボタン
7404 外部接続ポート
7405 スピーカ
7406 マイク
7407 蓄電装置
8000 表示装置
8001 筐体
8002 表示部
8003 スピーカ部
8004 蓄電装置
8021 充電装置
8022 ケーブル
8024 蓄電装置
8100 照明装置
8101 筐体
8102 光源
8103 蓄電装置
8104 天井
8105 側壁
8106 床
8107 窓
8200 室内機
8201 筐体
8202 送風口
8203 蓄電装置
8204 室外機
8206 電気モーター
8300 電気冷凍冷蔵庫
8301 筐体
8302 冷蔵室用扉
8303 冷凍室用扉
8304 蓄電装置
8400 自動車
8401 ヘッドライト
8500 自動車
9600 タブレット型端末
9625 スイッチ
9626 スイッチ
9627 電源スイッチ
9628 操作スイッチ
9629 留め具
9630 筐体
9630a 筐体
9630b 筐体
9631 表示部
9631a 表示部
9631b 表示部
9632a 領域
9632b 領域
9633 太陽電池
9634 充放電制御回路
9635 蓄電体
9636 DCDCコンバータ
9637 コンバータ
9638 操作キー
9639 ボタン
9640 可動部
Claims (8)
- 第1の領域と、第2の領域と、を有する負極活物質であり、
前記第1の領域は、Si、Mg、Ca、Ga、Al、Ge、Sn、Pb、Sb、Bi、Ag、Zn、Cd、As、Hg及びInから選ばれた少なくとも一つの元素を有し、
第2の領域は、前記第1の領域が有する前記元素と、酸素と、を有し、
前記第1の領域が有する前記元素の結晶子サイズは1nm以上10nm以下であることを特徴とする負極活物質。 - シリコンと、酸化シリコンと、を有する負極活物質であり、
前記負極活物質が有する前記シリコンの結晶子サイズは1nm以上10nm以下であることを特徴とする負極活物質。 - シリコンと、酸化シリコンと、を有する負極活物質であり、
前記負極活物質は、30nm以上30μm以下の粒径を有し、
前記負極活物質が有する前記シリコンの結晶子サイズは1nm以上10nm以下であることを特徴とする負極活物質。 - 請求項1または請求項2において、
前記結晶子サイズは、X線回折法により得られることを特徴とする負極活物質。 - シリコンと、酸化シリコンと、を有する負極活物質であり、
前記酸化シリコンが有するシリコンと酸素の原子数比をSi:O=x:yとし、
前記酸化シリコンは、x<yである領域を有することを特徴とする負極活物質。 - 請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の負極活物質を有する蓄電装置であり、
前記蓄電装置は、正極と、負極と、を有し、
前記負極は、負極集電体と、前記負極活物質と、を有し、
前記負極活物質は、前記負極集電体と、前記正極との間に位置することを特徴とする蓄電装置。 - 請求項6において、前記負極活物質が有するシリコンは、前記負極集電体と接することを特徴とする蓄電装置。
- 請求項6において、前記負極活物質が有する酸化シリコンは、前記負極集電体と接することを特徴とする蓄電装置。
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JP2015101701A JP2016001603A (ja) | 2014-05-23 | 2015-05-19 | 負極活物質、及び蓄電装置 |
JP2019208795A JP6949925B2 (ja) | 2014-05-23 | 2019-11-19 | 負極 |
JP2021153816A JP2022008480A (ja) | 2014-05-23 | 2021-09-22 | 負極活物質 |
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WO2024024532A1 (ja) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-02-01 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | 負極活物質 |
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CN105552303B (zh) | 2014-10-24 | 2020-08-07 | 株式会社半导体能源研究所 | 二次电池及二次电池的制造方法 |
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TWI725475B (zh) | 2021-04-21 |
WO2015177665A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
US20150340691A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
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JP2020074295A (ja) | 2020-05-14 |
US10847791B2 (en) | 2020-11-24 |
US10026959B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 |
US20180331357A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
TW202005151A (zh) | 2020-01-16 |
JP6949925B2 (ja) | 2021-10-13 |
JP2022008480A (ja) | 2022-01-13 |
US11677073B2 (en) | 2023-06-13 |
TWI673907B (zh) | 2019-10-01 |
TW201607116A (zh) | 2016-02-16 |
TW202127715A (zh) | 2021-07-16 |
TWI746396B (zh) | 2021-11-11 |
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