JP2015166352A - ステロイド療法における副作用の改善・抑制用組成物 - Google Patents
ステロイド療法における副作用の改善・抑制用組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】イソロイシン、ロイシンおよびバリンを有効成分として含有してなる投与するステロイド量を減じることのない組成物。イソロイシン、ロイシン及びバリンの重量比が1.5〜2.5:0.8〜1.7である組成物。ステロイド薬として併用して投与される組成物。
【選択図】なし
Description
本発明の別の目的は、様々な疾患進行に付随し、患者のQOLの低下に大きく影響する筋肉萎縮を抑制可能な手段を提供することにある。
[1]イソロイシン、ロイシンおよびバリンを有効成分とする、ステロイド治療における副作用改善・抑制用組成物。
[2]ステロイド治療に伴う副作用が、筋肉萎縮、筋力機能低下、筋肉痛、関節痛、耐糖能異常、食欲低下、体重減少、骨代謝低下、免疫力低下および易疲労感からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、[1]に記載の組成物。
[3]筋肉萎縮が、筋肉萎縮関連遺伝子の発現が亢進されたものである、[2]に記載の組成物。
[4]イソロイシン、ロイシンおよびバリンを有効成分として含有してなる、筋肉萎縮関連遺伝子発現抑制用組成物。
[5]筋肉萎縮関連遺伝子の発現亢進に伴う筋肉萎縮を抑制するものである、[4]に記載の組成物。
[6]筋肉萎縮遺関連伝子の発現亢進が、グルココルチコイド過剰に伴うものである、[5]に記載の組成物。
[7]筋肉萎縮関連遺伝子の発現亢進が、腎不全に伴うものである、[5]に記載の組成物。
[8]筋肉萎縮関連遺伝子が、atrogin−1遺伝子、MuRF−1遺伝子、myostatin遺伝子、FOXO1遺伝子、FOXO3a遺伝子、FOXO4遺伝子、REDD1遺伝子およびKLF15遺伝子からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、[3]〜[7]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[9]イソロイシン、ロイシンおよびバリンを1回摂取量として1g以上含有するものである、[1]〜[8]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[10]イソロイシン、ロイシンおよびバリンの重量比が、1:1.5〜2.5:0.8〜1.7である、[1]〜[9]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[11]ステロイド薬と併用されるものである、[1]〜[10]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[12]医薬である、[1]〜[11]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[13]食品である、[1]〜[11]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[14]食品が、保健機能食品またはダイエタリーサプリメントである、[13]に記載の組成物。
[15]保健機能食品が、特定保健用食品または栄養機能食品である、[14]に記載の組成物。
[16]食品が、濃厚流動食である、[13]〜[15]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[17][1]〜[16]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を製造するための、イソロイシン、ロイシンおよびバリンの使用。
[18]イソロイシン、ロイシンおよびバリンの重量比が、1:1.5〜2.5:0.8〜1.7である、[17]に記載の使用。
[19]イソロイシン、ロイシンおよびバリンの有効量を、投与対象に投与することを含む、ステロイド治療における副作用の改善または抑制方法。
[20]イソロイシン、ロイシンおよびバリンの有効量を、投与対象に投与することを含む、筋肉萎縮遺伝子発現の抑制方法。
[21]イソロイシン、ロイシンおよびバリンを1回摂取量として1g以上含有するものである、[19]または[20]に記載の方法。
[22]イソロイシン、ロイシンおよびバリンの重量比が、1:1.5〜2.5:0.8〜1.7である、[19]〜[21]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[23][1]〜[16]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物、および当該組成物をステロイド治療における副作用の改善もしくは抑制または筋肉萎縮関連遺伝子の発現亢進に伴う筋肉萎縮の抑制に使用することができること、または使用すべきであることを記載した記載物を含む、商業用パッケージ。
「筋肉萎縮遺伝子」とは、筋肉が萎縮した場合に萎縮前に比べて細胞内における発現が変動する遺伝子をいい、その発現が亢進する遺伝子と抑制される遺伝子とが含まれるが、発現が亢進する遺伝子が好ましい。好ましい具体例として、ユビキチンリガーゼ遺伝子、特に、グルココルチコイド過剰に伴う筋肉萎縮時に発現が亢進することが知られているatrogin−1遺伝子、MuRF−1遺伝子およびmyostatin遺伝子が挙げられる。さらに、代謝・栄養調節関連遺伝子としては、FOXO1遺伝子、FOXO3a遺伝子、FOXO4遺伝子などのFOXO遺伝子、REDD1遺伝子およびKLF15遺伝子も好ましい例として挙げられる。
一つの実施態様において、「筋肉萎縮」は、内因性及び外因性のグルココルチコイド過剰に伴う筋肉萎縮遺伝子の発現亢進に伴うものである。具体的には、
(1)外因性のグルココルチコイド過剰の典型例であるステロイド薬投与に伴う筋肉萎縮として、種々の悪性腫瘍、癌;肺炎、慢性閉塞性肺疾患、サルコイドーシス、肺線維症などの呼吸器疾患;AIDS(後天性免疫不全症候群)、ウイルス肝炎、インフルエンザなどの消耗性炎症を伴う感染症;感染症に伴う敗血症;慢性関節リウマチ、IBD(炎症性腸疾患)、膠原病などの自己免疫疾患;糖尿病、腎不全、肺不全、肝不全、心不全などの症状緩和の目的で、医薬品として投与されたステロイド薬によって引き起こされる筋肉萎縮、
(2)内因性グルココルチコイド過剰の例として、副腎腫瘍をはじめとする原因不明の何らかの原因により引き起こされる、副腎機能の亢進を伴う高コルチゾール血症などの特徴的な臨床症状を呈するクッシング症候群や、その他の慢性炎症等による生体反応の結果として引き起こされる高コルチゾール血症に伴う筋肉萎縮、
(3)一般に疾患の末期症状における過剰ストレスなどによる食欲不振または異化亢進などに伴う筋量低下または筋力低下の症状;入院、無運動、寝たきり、無重力飛行に伴う筋肉萎縮などが挙げられる。
グルココルチコイド過剰以外の障害または疾患に伴う筋肉萎縮としては、好ましくは腎不全に伴う筋肉萎縮である。
経口投与の剤形としては、顆粒剤、細粒剤、粉剤、被覆錠剤、錠剤、坐剤、散剤、(マイクロ)カプセル剤、チュアブル剤、シロップ、ジュース、液剤、懸濁剤、乳濁液などが挙げられる。また注射による投与の剤形としては、静脈直接注入用、点滴投与用、活性物質の放出を延長する製剤等などの医薬製剤一般の剤型を採用することができる。
一般の成人の場合、好ましくは、成人1日あたり、イソロイシン0.01g/kg体重〜1g/kg体重、ロイシン0.02g/kg体重〜2g/kg体重、バリン0.01g/kg体重〜1g/kg体重であり、より好ましくは、イソロイシン0.02g/kg体重〜0.2g/kg体重、ロイシン0.04g/kg体重〜0.4g/kg体重、バリン0.02g/kg体重〜0.2g/kg体重である。アミノ酸の全体量としては1日あたり0.01g/kg体重〜2g/kg体重程度が好ましい。上記1日あたりの量は一度に、もしくは数回に分けて投与することができる。投与の時期としては特に限定されず、例えば食前、食後、食間のいずれでもよい。また、投与期間も特に限定されない。
例えば、通常の食生活から摂取される1日あたりの分岐鎖アミノ酸の量を、前記本発明における有効成分の1日あたりの投与量から控除して算定する必要はない。
また、このような食品を、保健機能食品またはダイエタリーサプリメントとして提供することも可能である。この保健機能食品には、特定保健用食品および栄養機能食品なども含まれる。特定保健用食品は、例えば、筋肉萎縮の抑制またはステロイド治療に伴う副作用症状の改善・抑制など、特定の保健の目的が期待できることを表示できる食品である。また、栄養機能食品は、1日あたりの摂取目安量に含まれる栄養成分量が、国が定めた上・下限値の規格基準に適合している場合その栄養成分の機能の表示ができる食品である。ダイエタリーサプリメントには、いわゆる栄養補助食品または健康補助食品などが含まれる。本発明において、特定保健用食品には、筋肉萎縮の抑制、ステロイド治療に伴う副作用症状の改善・抑制などの用途に用いるものであるという表示を付した食品、さらには、かかる用途に用いるものである旨を記載した書類(いわゆる能書き)などをパッケージとして包含する食品なども含まれるものとする。
本明細書において「食品補助剤」とは、食品として摂取されるもの以外に栄養を補助する目的で摂取されるものをいい、栄養補助剤、サプリメントなどもこれに含まれる。
一般の成人の場合、好ましくは、成人1日あたり、イソロイシン0.01g/kg体重〜1g/kg体重、ロイシン0.02g/kg体重〜2g/kg体重、バリン0.01g/kg体重〜1g/kg体重、より好ましくは、イソロイシン0.02g/kg体重〜0.2g/kg体重、ロイシン0.04g/kg体重〜0.4g/kg体重、バリン0.02g/kg体重〜0.2g/kg体重であり、アミノ酸の全体量としては1日あたり0.01g/kg体重〜2g/kg体重程度が好ましい。本発明の食品は、上記1日あたりの量を一度に、または数回に分けて摂取することができる。食品の形態、摂取方法、摂取期間などは特に限定されない。
ラット(SD;10−11週齢)に5日間デキサメサゾン(600μg/kg)を連続で腹腔内投与した。イソロイシン、ロイシンおよびバリン(1:2:1.2の重量比)の配合物(BCAA)投与群は0.75g/kgを経口投与で同時に5日間連続投与した。ビークル群は蒸留水を同様に経口連続投与した。
5日目に剖検し、摂餌量・体重推移・筋肉重量・握力計測装置を用いた筋力機能評価・血糖値・血漿インスリン値の解析を行った。
コントロール群はpair feedingしたノーマルラットを用いた。
ラット(SD;10−11週齢)に5日間デキサメサゾン(600μg/kg)を連続で腹腔内投与して筋肉萎縮を発症させた。デキサメサゾン投与を中止した6日目、7日目にBCAAを0.75g/kgを経口投与して筋肉萎縮に対する治療効果を検討した。ビークル群は蒸留水を同様に経口連続投与した。
6、7日目に剖検し、筋肉重量の解析を行った。R1、R2は、それぞれ回復期(recover;R)の1、2日目であり、デキサメサゾン投与を中止した6日目、7日目の意味である。
ラット(SD;10−11週齢)に1.5ヶ月間デキサメサゾン(600μg/kg)を連続で腹腔内投与した。イソロイシン、ロイシンおよびバリン(9:7:6の重量比)の配合物(BCAA)投与群は0.75g/kgを経口投与で同時に1.5ヶ月間連続投与した。ビークル群は蒸留水を同様に経口連続投与した。
1.5ヶ月目に剖検し、血漿ALP値の解析を行った。骨代謝回転が高い場合に血漿ALP値が高値を示すことが知られている。
ラット(SD;10−11週齢)に5日間デキサメサゾン(600μg/kg)を連続で腹腔内投与して筋肉萎縮を発症させた。イソロイシン、ロイシンおよびバリン(1:2:1.2の重量比)の配合物投与群(図中BCAAと記載し、以下BCAA投与群と記載する)には、0.75g/kgの上記BCAAを経口投与により、同時に、5日間連続投与した。ビークル群は蒸留水を同様に経口連続投与した。5日目に剖検し、5日間の摂餌量・体重推移・筋肉重量を測定すると共に、自体公知の方法により筋肉内萎縮遺伝子発現量の解析を行った。
すなわち、ISOGEN(日本ジーン)を用いて骨格筋より抽出したRNAを鋳型に、スーパースクリプトIII(invitrogen)を用いてcDNAを合成した。2.5ngのcDNAとAtrogin−1およびMuRF−1の各プライマー(下記表1参照)とpower cyber green(アプライドバイオシステム)とを混合し、リアルタイムRT−PCR法により、試験サンプル中に存在する筋肉萎縮関連遺伝子(Atrogin−1、MuRF−1、Myostatin、FOXO1、FOXO3a、FOXO4、REDD1およびKLF15)の発現量をコントロール群を1として、相対的に定量解析した。
コントロール群には、pair feedingしたノーマルラットを用いた。
ビークル群では体重や摂餌量の減少が認められたが、BCAA投与群においては、これらの減少が抑制された(図8)。また、BCAA投与群では、ビークル群に比較して筋肉重量の減少が抑制された(図9)。さらに、BCAA投与群では、筋肉萎縮関連遺伝子atrogin−1とMuRF−1および筋肉の負の成長因子であるMyostatinの発現、および萎縮関連遺伝子のFOXO1、FOXO3a、FOXO4、REDD1およびKLF15遺伝子も抑制された(図10〜13)。
ラット(SD;10−11週齢)に5日間デキサメサゾン(600μg/kg)を連続で腹腔内投与して筋肉萎縮を発症させた。デキサメサゾン投与を中止した6日目、7日目にイソロイシン、ロイシンおよびバリン(1:2:1.2の重量比)の配合物0.75g/kgを経口投与して、筋肉萎縮に対する治療効果を検討した。ビークル群では蒸留水を同様に経口連続投与した。6、7日目に剖検し、摂餌量・体重・筋肉重量・筋肉萎縮遺伝子発現量の解析を行った。R1、R2は、それぞれ回復期(recover;R)の1、2日目であり、デキサメサゾン投与を中止した6日目、7日目の意味である。
ラット(WKY;7−9週齢)を5/6腎臓摘出手術をし、腎不全モデルラットを作出した。前記モデルラットにBCAAを投与した群としなかった群と偽手術のみの群(sham)の3群において上記リアルタイムPCR法により筋肉萎縮遺伝子の発現を解析した。BCAAを投与しなかった腎不全モデルラット群では、筋肉萎縮遺伝子atrogin−1とMuRF−1の発現がsham群に比較して増加した。それに対してBCAA投与群では、atrogin−1とMuRF−1の発現をsham群程度まで抑制した(図17)。なお、図17では、Sham群中の1例の値を1.0として、各群の相対値の平均をプロットした。
以上の結果から、腎不全に起因する筋肉萎縮遺伝子発現増加に対してもBCAAは抑制効果をもつことが明らかになった。
本出願は、日本で出願された特願2006−335057および特願2006−335059を基礎としており、その内容は本出願にすべて包含されるものである。
Claims (9)
- イソロイシン、ロイシンおよびバリンを有効成分とする、ステロイド治療における副作用を、投与するステロイド量を減じることなく治療・予防する経口投与用の医薬組成物であって、副作用が筋肉萎縮関連遺伝子の発現が亢進された筋肉萎縮、筋力機能低下、および体重減少からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、組成物。
- ステロイド治療における副作用を治療する医薬組成物である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- イソロイシン、ロイシンおよびバリンを有効成分として含有してなる、筋肉萎縮関連遺伝子発現抑制用医薬組成物であって、腎不全に伴う筋肉萎縮関連遺伝子の発現亢進に伴う筋肉萎縮を抑制するものである組成物を除く、組成物。
- 筋肉萎縮関連遺伝子の発現亢進に伴う筋肉萎縮を抑制するものである、請求項3記載の組成物。
- 筋肉萎縮遺関連伝子の発現亢進が、グルココルチコイド過剰に伴うものである、請求項4記載の組成物。
- 筋肉萎縮関連遺伝子が、atrogin−1遺伝子、MuRF−1遺伝子、myostatin遺伝子、FOXO1遺伝子、FOXO3a遺伝子、FOXO4遺伝子、REDD1遺伝子およびKLF15遺伝子からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- イソロイシン、ロイシンおよびバリンを1回摂取量として1g以上含有するものである、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- イソロイシン、ロイシンおよびバリンの重量比が、1:1.5〜2.5:0.8〜1.7である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- ステロイド薬と併用されるものである、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
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WO2011087946A1 (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2011-07-21 | Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Screening assay employing dex and gdf8 |
WO2012147901A1 (ja) * | 2011-04-28 | 2012-11-01 | 味の素株式会社 | 抗癌剤副作用改善用組成物 |
JP6145778B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-06 | 2017-06-14 | Eaファーマ株式会社 | 特発性炎症性筋疾患の予防又は治療剤 |
US9381171B2 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2016-07-05 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Composition including dapsone for preventing or treating side effect of steroid in subject and use of the composition |
US10034848B2 (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2018-07-31 | Academia Sinica | Increase of protein synthesis ameliorates synaptopathy-related neurological disorders |
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CN105853421B (zh) * | 2015-01-22 | 2019-02-05 | 北京大学 | FoxO1选择性抑制剂AS1842856的新用途 |
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US20180015122A1 (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2018-01-18 | Companion Supplements, LLC | Pharmaceutical composition effective in preventing adverse effects associated with the use of glucocorticoids |
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US20220354817A1 (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2022-11-10 | Myo-Tec-Sci | Pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating sarcopenia containing non-natural amino acid derivative |
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