TW201311234A - 抗癌劑副作用改善用組成物 - Google Patents
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- TW201311234A TW201311234A TW101115149A TW101115149A TW201311234A TW 201311234 A TW201311234 A TW 201311234A TW 101115149 A TW101115149 A TW 101115149A TW 101115149 A TW101115149 A TW 101115149A TW 201311234 A TW201311234 A TW 201311234A
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Abstract
本發明係提供含有異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸作為有效成份之抗癌劑副作用改善用組成物。因為該組成物係安全性極高,且不影響抗癌劑之抗癌作用,所以可提高藉由投予抗癌劑之癌治療效果。
Description
本發明係關於含支鏈胺基酸之抗癌劑副作用改善用組成物。
因DNA傷害性抗癌劑缺乏癌細胞之選擇性,所以高頻率地導致起因於傷害正常細胞的組織機能衰竭之副作用。副作用發病係除了明顯降低癌症患者之生活品質,並且因抑制骨髓而引起感染症或心臟衰竭等之部分嚴重副作用,而有攸關患者生死的風險。
副作用之發病率多與抗癌劑投予量相關,所以期待抗癌效果之主要作用增強之增藥,同時亦將提升副作用發病的風險。對於無治療方法之副作用,為了預防,必須壓低抗癌劑投予量,並且發病時停藥之外,並無處置方法等,副作用之風險常作為抗癌劑用量規定因素而妨礙治療。對於過去作為抗癌劑用量規定因素之因抑制骨髓而引起之感染症副作用,現在開發出G-CSF製劑,對於急性的噁心、嘔吐,係使用5-HT3受體擷抗劑。開發對此等部分之副作用之處置方法,雖可增量抗癌劑,但該結果係如心臟衰竭或腎衰竭之現在並且無處置方法之其他副作用,會成為新穎的用量規定因素而防礙治療。
屬於anthracycline系抗癌劑之阿黴素(Adriamycin)的副作用之一係起因於心肌障礙之心臟衰竭。阿黴素心臟
衰竭係總投予量超過500mg/m2時,發病變多,所以成為用量規定因素。因為心臟衰竭之發病時期係由治療開始1個月後長達至數年後,所以若接受阿黴素治療時,將長期伴隨著心臟衰竭發病之風險。對於阿黴素心臟衰竭並無有效的治療方法,採取為不使發病之預防措施是最重要的。具體上,嚴密地管理阿黴素之累積總投予量下進行充分的心功能評估,認為心功能降低時,不得不停止投予。發病時,症狀大多為不可逆,嚴重時會死亡。因此,即使癌症治療成功,仍因心臟衰竭死亡的例子成為嚴重的問題。
屬於鉑系抗癌劑之順鉑(Cisplatin)係適用範圍廣,於許多的抗癌劑治療中,多作為擔任中心角色的藥劑使用。順鉑的效果強,相對地副作用亦強,其中以急性腎衰竭係最嚴重的副作用(順鉑腎病)。腎衰竭發病後並無治療方法,為了預防,採取順鉑與大量輸液一同投予下,併用利尿藥等之措施,但稱不上得到充分的效果。因為如果發病時,必須進行人工透析,癌症患者之生活品質明顯降低,所以急性腎衰竭係順鉑治療之用量規定因素。
阿黴素及順鉑分別具有容易蓄積於心臟及腎臟之性質。蓄積於各組織之藥劑產生自由基,引起對細胞的氧化壓力。認為受此氧化壓力,發生心肌細胞或腎小管細胞障礙、臟器之功能衰竭。
以預防副作用為目的,與抗癌劑併用藥劑時,要求增加該預防效果,不對癌症患者增加更多身體上、精神上負擔之高安全性。至今,雖揭示藉由具有自由基清除物作用
之食品來源之抗氧化物質減低氧化壓力,使阿黴素心臟衰竭或順鉑腎病減低,但稱不上得到充分的預防效果。合成化合物時係具有自由基清除物作用之Dexrazoxane,於歐美認可作為阿黴素心臟衰竭之預防藥而被使用(日本未認可)(非專利文獻1),但有抑制骨髓之副作用。如此地不能期待以食品來源之抗氧化物質對副作用之充分的預防效果,並且併用合成化合物之預防方法於安全面上仍留有風險。
至今雖有揭示支鏈胺基酸(BCAA)之慢性心臟衰竭患者之急性惡化時之肺積水降低或增進食欲,但已知僅止於發病後處置之治療效果,未知顯示減低心肌障礙及預防心臟衰竭發病之效果(專利文獻1)。另外,雖揭示慢性腎功能障礙時之貧血症狀及生命預後之改善,但侷限於病態發病後之治療效果,未知顯示減低腎小管障礙或預防腎衰竭發病之效果(專利文獻2)。另外,認為BCAA並無自由基清除物作用,沒有藉由如前述之抗氧化物質之機制而減低氧化壓力之效果,未知BCAA具有心肌細胞或腎小管細胞之減低障礙效果。亦無報告將BCAA與阿黴素或順鉑一同併用,對該主要作用或副作用之任何效果。
[專利文獻1]日本特開2007-204416號公報
[專利文獻2]國際公開第2005/094813號
[非專利文獻1]Toxycology 225 (2009) 72-79
本發明之目的係提供具有不對癌症患者增加更多身體上、精神上負擔之高安全性之抗癌劑副作用改善用組成物。
本發明者等有鑑於前述課題,努力研究的結果係發現選自異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸之3種支鏈胺基酸所成群之至少1種作為有效成分之組成物係有效地改善對投予阿黴素或順鉑所引起之心功能障礙或腎功能障礙等之副作用,並且不影響此等抗癌劑之抗癌效果。進一步對得癌小鼠之抗癌劑治療中,發現藉著投予異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸,生存期間明顯延長。本發明者等基於此等發現,進一步重複研究的結果,而完成本發明。
亦即,本發明係如後所述。
[1]含有選自異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸所成群中至少1種作為有效成分之抗癌劑副作用改善用組成物。
[2]含有異白胺酸作為有效成分之[1]記載之組成物。
[3]含有異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸作為有效成分之[1]記載之組成物。
[4]含有異白胺酸作為有效成分且不含有白胺酸及纈胺酸作為有效成分之[1]記載之組成物。
[5]抗癌劑為DNA傷害性抗癌劑之[1]~[4]中任一項記載之組成物。
[6]DNA傷害性抗癌劑為阿黴素(Adriamycin)及/或順鉑(Cisplatin)之[5]記載之組成物。
[7]副作用為心功能障礙或腎功能障礙之[1]~[6]中任一項記載之組成物。
[8]抗癌劑為阿黴素(Adriamycin),副作用為心功能障礙之[1]~[4]中任一項記載之組成物。
[9]心功能障礙為心臟衰竭之[8]記載之組成物。
[10]抗癌劑為順鉑(Cisplatin),副作用為腎功能障礙之[1]~[4]中任一項記載之組成物。
[11]腎功能障礙為順鉑腎病之[10]記載之組成物。
[12]異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸之重量比係1:1.5~2.5:0.8~1.7之[3]及[5]~[11]中任一項記載之組成物。
[13]含有異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸所成群中所選擇之至少1種,且藉由與抗癌劑併用而具有延命效果之癌治療用組成物。
[14]含有異白胺酸之[13]記載之組成物。
[15]含有異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸之[13]記載之組成物。
[16]含有異白胺酸且不含有白胺酸及纈胺酸之[13]記
載之組成物。
[17]抗癌劑為DNA傷害性抗癌劑之[13]~[16]中任一項記載之組成物。
[18]DNA傷害性抗癌劑為阿黴素(Adriamycin)及/或順鉑(Cisplatin)之[17]記載之組成物。
因為BCAA係作為必須胺基酸,為人體不可或缺之營養素,與合成化合物比較,安全性極高。另外,異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸之3種支鏈胺基酸不對抗癌劑之抗癌作用造成影響。因此,依據本發明所提供之選自異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸之3種支鏈胺基所成群之至少1種作為有效成分之組成物係有效地用以改善抗癌劑(尤其是阿黴素及/或順鉑)所引起之副作用。尤其,因為本發明之組成物可改善如心臟衰竭或腎衰竭之現今仍無處置方法之副作用,故藉由1)減低患者之生活品質降低,2)改善因副作用所引起之生命預後降低、3)抗癌劑治療的繼續、4)抗癌劑之增藥等,使癌症治療效果提升。
本發明係提供含有選自異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸所成群中至少1種作為有效成分為特徵之抗癌劑副作用改善用組成物(以下係總稱為本發明之副作用改善用組成物)。
本說明書中,所謂「改善」係包含「預防、減輕、治療」的意義,投予抗癌劑所伴隨之副作用朝向正常化的方向,進而預先防止、抑制該副作用發生。
作為抗癌劑投予所伴隨之副作用。可列舉食欲不振、全身倦怠感、疼痛、呼吸困難感、皮膚症狀、噁心及嘔吐、腹瀉、發燒、掉髮、失去嗅覺、心功能障礙(起因心肌細胞障礙之心臟衰竭等)、腎功能障礙(起因腎小管細胞障礙之腎衰竭等)、肝功能障礙、間質性肺炎、末梢循環衰竭所伴隨之臟器衰竭、骨髓抑制及伴隨其之感染症等。本發明尤其適合使用於抗癌劑投予所伴隨之心功能障礙(起因心肌細胞障礙之心臟衰竭等)及腎功能障礙(起因腎小管細胞障礙之腎衰竭等)。
藉由抗癌劑投予所治療之疾病,可列舉所有的來自組織的癌。作為癌,可列舉固體腫瘤(例如上皮性腫瘤、非上皮性腫瘤)及造血組織中的腫瘤。更詳細而言,作為固體腫瘤,可舉例如消化器癌(例如胃癌、結腸癌、大腸癌、直腸癌)、肺癌(例如小細胞癌、非小細胞癌)、胰臟癌、腎臟癌、肝臟癌、胸腺、脾臟、甲狀腺癌、副腎、前列腺癌、膀胱癌、卵巢癌、子宮癌(例如子宮內膜癌、子宮頸癌)、骨癌、皮膚癌、肉瘤(例如卡波西氏肉瘤)、黑色瘤、母細胞瘤(例如神經母細胞瘤)、腺癌、扁平細胞癌、非扁平細胞癌、腦腫瘤、以及此等固體腫瘤之再發作及轉移。作為造血組織中之腫瘤,可列舉白血病(例如急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、慢性骨髓性白血病
(CML)、急性淋巴球性白血病(ALL)、慢性淋巴球性白血病(CLL)、成人T細胞白血病(ATL)、骨髓發育不良症候群(MDS))、淋巴瘤(例如T淋巴瘤、B淋巴瘤、何杰金氏淋巴瘤(Hodgkin's Lymphoma)、骨髓瘤(多發性骨髓瘤))、以及此等腫瘤之再發作。
本發明中,所謂抗癌劑係指直接作用於癌細胞、抑制該分裂、具有殺傷能力之化合物。作為抗癌劑,可列舉DNA傷害性抗癌劑、代謝擷抗劑、植物生物鹼、分子標靶治療劑等。
所謂DNA傷害性抗癌劑係指抗癌劑中藉由引起DNA損傷而抑制癌細胞增殖者,包含鉑製劑、烷基化劑、抗癌性抗生素等,但不侷限於此等。
所謂鉑製劑係指藉由於DNA之構成鹽基之鳥嘌呤、腺嘌呤之N-7位置,以2個氯原子部位鍵結,於DNA鏈內形成交聯,阻礙DNA合成,而發揮抑制癌細胞增殖之效果之抗癌劑。作為鉑製劑,可列舉順鉑、卡鉑、奈達鉑、奧沙利鉑等。
烷基化劑係指藉由烷化DNA而切斷,發揮抑制癌細胞增殖之效果之抗癌劑。作為烷基化劑係可列舉氮芥、氮芥N-氧化物、氮芥苯丁酸等之氮芥系烷基化劑;卡波醌、三胺硫磷等之乙烯亞胺衍生物;二甲磺酸丁酯、甲苯磺酸英丙舒凡等之磺酸酯類;鹽酸尼莫斯汀等之亞硝基尿素衍生物等。
作為抗癌性抗生素,可列舉絲裂黴素C、博萊黴素、
培洛黴素、道諾黴素、阿克拉黴素、阿黴素(doxorubicin)、吡喃阿黴素、THP-阿黴素、4’-表阿黴素(4’-Epidoxorubicin)、艾比魯素等之anthracycline系抗生素抗腫瘤劑;色黴素A3、放線菌素D等。
代謝擷抗劑係指於癌細胞分裂、增殖時,以化學結構近似於成為核酸材料之物質,妨礙DNA合成,抑制癌細胞代謝,抑制增殖之抗癌劑。作為代謝擷抗劑,可列舉5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)、Tegafur(替加氟)、Capecitabine(截瘤達)、卡莫氟、去氧氟尿苷、溴尿苷、阿糖胞苷、Enocitabine(依諾他濱)、Hydroxyfuridine、Hydroxycarbamide、胺甲基葉酸、Fludarabine Phosphate(福達樂)等之嘧啶代謝擷抗劑;6-巰基嘌呤、6-硫鳥嘌呤、硫鳥苷、Gemcitabine Hydrochloride(健擇)等之嘌呤代謝擷抗劑等。
作為植物生物鹼,可列舉vinblastine(敏畢瘤)、vincristine(敏克瘤)、vindesine(長春地辛)等之長春花生物鹼類;Etoposide、Teniposide等之表鬼臼毒素(Epipodophyllotoxin)類;太平洋紫杉醇(Paclitaxel)、歐洲紫杉醇(Docetaxel)等之紫杉烷系生物鹼等。
分子標靶治療劑係指以癌細胞增殖相關分子為標靶,具有藉由抑制該分子而殺傷癌細胞之活性之化合物。作為分子標靶治療劑,可列舉imatinib、Gefitinib、Erlotinib、Vandetanib、sunitinib、Sorafenib、
rituximab、Cetuximab、Infliximab、Trastuzumab、bevacizumab等。
本發明之副作用改善用組成物係有效地改善至今未知有效的處置方法之如心功能障礙(尤其心衰竭)或腎功能障礙(尤其腎衰竭)之嚴重副作用。作為引起如此副作用之抗癌劑,可列舉DNA傷害性抗癌劑,尤其抗癌性抗生素或鉑製劑。其中,已知阿黴素引起心臟衰竭,順鉑引起順鉑腎病(起因腎小管細胞障礙之腎功能障礙,包含腎衰竭)。因此,一種形態中,本發明之副作用改善用組成物係適合於DNA傷害性抗癌劑(以抗癌性抗生素及/或鉑製劑尤佳,以阿黴素及/或順鉑最好)所伴隨的副作用之改善用。本發明之副作用改善用組成物係改善如前述之抗癌劑投予所伴隨之心功能障礙,可藉由如後述實施例所記載之使用實驗動物之運動功能評估、心臟組織傷害評估(例如血清中之肌胺酸激酶(以creatine phosphokinase(CPK))值為指標)、或依心電圖評估而調查。另外,本發明之副作用改善用組成物係改善如前述之抗癌劑投予所伴隨之腎功能障礙,可藉由如後述實施例所記載之使用實驗動物之腎臟組織傷害之評估(例如血中尿素氮、或腎臟組織中Kim1(急性腎損傷標誌:Am J Physiol Renal Physiol,286:F552-F563(2004);Nat Biotechnol.,28:478-485(2010))之表現為指標)而調查。
本發明之副作用改善用組成物之有效成分之異白胺酸、白胺酸及/或纈胺酸係可使用各L體、D體、DL體中
任一種,但以L體、DL體為宜,以L體尤佳。
另外,本發明中之異白胺酸、白胺酸及/或纈胺酸,不僅分別為游離體,亦可以鹽的形態使用。本發明中之異白胺酸、白胺酸及/或纈胺酸亦包含相關鹽的形態。作為鹽的形態,可列舉與酸之鹽(酸加成鹽)、與鹼之鹽(鹼加成鹽)等,但以選擇作為醫藥所認可的鹽為宜。
加成於異白胺酸、白胺酸及/或纈胺酸,而且形成作為醫藥所容許的酸加成鹽的酸,可舉例如氯化氫、溴化氫、硫酸、磷酸等無機酸;醋酸、乳酸、檸檬酸、酒石酸、馬來酸、富馬酸、單甲基硫酸等之有機酸。
加成於異白胺酸、白胺酸及/或纈胺酸,而且形成作為醫藥所容許的鹼加成鹽的鹼,可舉例如鈉、鉀、鈣等金屬之氫氧化物或碳酸化物、或銨等之無機鹼;乙二胺、丙二胺、乙醇胺、單烷基乙醇胺、二烷基乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺等之有機鹼。
本發明之副作用改善用組成物中之選自異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸之3種支鏈胺基酸所成群之至少1種的含量,使用於人體時,作為該合計量之1次攝取量為0.1g以上,以1g以上尤佳。就容易攝取之觀點而言,前述1次攝取量係以100g以下為宜,以10g以下尤佳。
本說明書中所謂「1次攝取量」係指本發明之副作用改善用組成物為醫藥時,1次所投予之有效成分量,本發明之副作用改善用組成物為食品時,1次所攝取之有效成分量。該1次攝取量係依年齡、體重、性別、因抗癌劑投予
之副作用之嚴重程度等而適當改變的量。
本發明之副作用改善用組成物係含有選自異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸之3種支鏈胺基酸所成群中至少1種(亦即,1種(異白胺酸、白胺酸或纈胺酸)、2種(異白胺酸及白胺酸、異白胺酸及纈胺酸、或白胺酸及纈胺酸)或3種(異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸))作為有效成分。就改善抗癌劑投予所伴隨的副作用之效果之觀點,本發明之副作用改善用組成物係以至少含有異白胺酸作為有效成分為宜(亦即,異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸之3種、異白胺酸及白胺酸之2種、異白胺酸及纈胺酸之2種、或僅異白胺酸作為有效成分)。本發明之副作用改善用組成物更佳為含有異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸之3種作為有效成分、或僅含有異白胺酸作為有效成分(亦即含有異白胺酸作為有效成分,且不含有白胺酸及纈胺酸作為有效成分)。
本發明之副作用改善用組成物含有異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸之3種支鏈胺基酸作為有效成分時,相關之3種胺基酸摻混比以各重量比計通常為1:1.5~2.5:0.8~1.7之範圍,以1:1.9~2.2:1.1~1.3之範圍尤佳,以1:2:1.2最好。若超出此範圍時,將難以得到有效的作用效果。
本發明之副作用改善用組成物含有異白胺酸及白胺酸、異白胺酸及纈胺酸、或白胺酸及纈胺酸之2種支鏈胺基酸作為有效成分時,相關之2種胺基酸摻混比只要係前述3種胺基酸摻混比中之該2種胺基酸之摻混比即可。
另外,本發明之副作用改善用組成物含有僅異白胺酸、僅白胺酸或僅纈胺酸作為有效成分時,可基於後述投予量決定該摻混量而製劑化。
本發明之副作用改善用組成物,通常與抗癌劑併用。在此所謂「併用」係指抗癌劑投予之前、同時、之後使用,另外,亦包含如後述摻混劑,與抗癌劑摻混使用之意。
另外,抗癌劑投予時,為了從副作用中恢復,通常隔著停藥期間,以一定的投予間隔投予,但因本發明之副作用改善用組成物之安全性極高,所以亦可於抗癌劑之停藥期間投予,並且可比抗癌劑的投予間隔短之間隔投予。例如以一定的間隔(例如每隔數日至數週)投予抗癌劑,可以比抗癌劑更短間隔(例如每日)投予本發明之副作用改善用組成物。此時亦可併用本發明之副作用改善用組成物與抗癌劑。
作為與本發明之副作用改善用組成物併用之抗癌劑,只要前述對象疾病通常所使用者即可,並無特別限定,具體上可列舉前述抗癌劑。
本發明之副作用改善用組成物係適合作為醫藥及食品等,作為該適用對象,可列舉哺乳動物(例如人、小鼠、小鼠、倉鼠、兔子、貓、狗、牛、羊、猴子等)。另外,應用於人類以外之哺乳動物時,本發明之副作用改善用組成物之攝取量係可因應動物體重或大小而適當增減即可。
以本發明之副作用改善用組成物作為醫藥使用時之投予方法,雖無特別限定,但可經由經口投予、直腸投予、
經由注射、輸液之投予等之一般的投予途徑。
作為經口投予的劑型,可列舉顆粒劑、細粒劑、粉劑、被覆錠劑、錠劑、栓劑、散劑、(微)膠囊劑、嚼劑、糖漿、果汁、液劑、懸濁劑、乳濁液等。另外,作為藉由注射投予的劑型,可採用靜脈直接注入用、點滴投予用、延長活性物質釋出之製劑等之醫藥製劑一般的劑型。
此等醫藥係藉由依常法之製劑化所調製。進而,因應製劑上需要,可摻混醫藥上所認可之各種製劑用物質。製劑用物質雖可依製劑的劑型而適當選擇,但可舉例如賦形劑、稀釋劑、添加劑、崩解劑、結合劑、被覆劑、潤滑劑、滑走劑、滑澤劑、風味劑、甘味劑、可溶化劑等。進而,具體地列舉製劑用物質時,可列舉碳酸鎂、二氧化鈦、乳糖、甘露糖醇及其他糖類、滑石、牛奶蛋白、明膠、澱粉、纖維素及其衍生物、動物及植物油、聚乙二醇、及溶劑,例如滅菌水及一元或多元醇,例如甘油等。
本發明之副作用改善用組成物作為醫藥使用時之投予量係依對象患者之年齡、體重或病態、或醫藥之劑型或投予方法等而異,但預估成人每1日0.005g/kg體重~5g/kg體重之異白胺酸、0.01g/kg體重~10g/kg體重之白胺酸及0.005g/kg體重~5g/kg體重之纈胺酸。
一般成人時係以成人每1日0.01g/kg體重~1g/kg體重之異白胺酸、0.02g/kg體重~2g/kg體重之白胺酸及0.01g/kg體重~1g/kg體重之纈胺酸為宜,以0.02g/kg體重~0.2g/kg體重之異白胺酸、0.04g/kg體重~0.4g/kg體
重之白胺酸及0.02g/kg體重~0.2g/kg體重之纈胺酸尤佳。胺基酸總量係以每日0.01g/kg體重~2g/kg體重之程度為宜。前述每1日的量係可一次或分數次投予。作為投予的時期並無特別限定,例如餐前、餐後、餐間中任一時段皆可。另外,投予期間亦無特別限制。
另外,對於本發明之副作用改善用組成物之有效成分之支鏈胺基酸之投予量(攝取量),進行計算時,對於有別與本發明之改善副作用之其他目的(例如從通常的飲食生活所需、或以治療其他疾病為目的)而攝取或所投予之支鏈胺基酸,無須包含於前述計算。例如無須自本發明中有效成分之每1日投予量扣除從通常的飲食生活所攝取之每1日支鏈胺基酸的量。
本發明之副作用改善用組成物之有效成分之異白胺酸、白胺酸及/或纈胺酸,可分別單獨或以任意組合,包含於製劑中,或全部包含於1種製劑中。另行製劑化而投予時,此等投予途徑、投予劑型係可相同,亦可相異,另外,各投予時間亦可為同時,亦可分開。因此,投予劑型、投予時期、投予途徑等係可依併用的藥劑種類或效果而可適當決定。亦即,本發明之副作用改善用組成物係可同時含有多數個支鏈胺基酸,亦可為各個分別製劑化後併用之併用劑。本發明之副作用改善用組成物係包含此等全部形態之製劑者。尤其相同製劑中含有全部的支鏈胺基酸之形態,因可簡單投予,所以適合。
本發明中,所謂「重量比」係表示製劑中各成分之重量
比。例如含異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸之各有效成分於1個製劑中時,為各含量比,各有效成分係分別單獨或任意組合,包含於多數個製劑中時,各製劑所含之各有效成分之重量比。
另外,本發明中,實際的投予量比係每位投予對象(亦即患者)之各有效成分之1次投予量或1日投予量的比。例如於1個製劑中含有異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸之各有效成分,將其投予於投予對象時,重量比係相當於投予量比。於複數個製劑中含有單獨或任意組合之各有效成分,進行投予時,1次或1日投予的各製劑中各有效成分之合計量的比係相當於重量比。
異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸已於醫藥、食品領域上廣泛地使用,安全性已確立。例如含有重量比為1:2:1.2之此等胺基酸之製劑之急性毒性(LD50)係經口投予於小鼠時,為10g/kg以上。
本發明之副作用改善用組成物係藉由摻混抗癌劑,亦可作為抗癌劑副作用改善用之摻混劑。摻混本發明之副作用改善用組成物與抗癌劑時,只要本發明之副作用改善用組成物顯示改善抗癌劑副作用之效果,摻混比並無特別限定,基於前述說明之本發明之副作用改善用組成物之投予量及所摻混之抗癌劑之有效量,可適當地設定。通常,抗癌劑與本發明之副作用改善用組成物之摻混比係各重量比於1:0.1~1,000,000之範圍,以1:1~10,000之範圍尤佳。
進而,本發明之副作用改善用組成物係可以食品的形態簡單地使用。作為食品使用時,本發明之食品之有效成分,亦即只要是含支鏈胺基酸之一般飲食形態,任何物品皆可。例如加入適當風味之口服液劑,亦可為例如清涼飲料、粉末飲料。具體上例如可混合於果汁、牛奶、菓子、果凍、優酪乳、糖飴等飲食。
另外,亦可提供如此食品作為保健機能食品或膳食補充品。此保健機能食品亦包含特定保健用食品及營養機能食品等。特定保健用食品係可表示例如改善抗癌劑投予所伴隨之副作用等之可期待特定保健目的之食品。另外,營養機能食品係每1日之攝取預估量所含之營養成分量係符合國家規定之上、下限值之規格基準時,可表示該營養成分機能之食品。膳食補充品係包含所謂的營養輔助食品或健康輔助食品等。本發明中,特定保健用食品係附加有使用於改善抗癌劑投予所伴隨的副作用之用途者之表示之食品,進而,亦含包含記載使用於相關用途者之要旨之資料(所謂的說明書)等作為整體之食品等者。
作為食品攝取時之攝取量、攝取期間係基於作為醫藥使用時之前述投予量、投予期間之記載,可適當設定以顯示本發明之副作用改善用組成物改善抗癌劑副作用之效果。
藉由以上本發明之副作用改善用組成物,因為可以改善抗癌劑投予所伴隨的副作用,可適合於提高藉由抗癌劑之癌治療效果。
或是本發明係提供藉由併用抗癌劑而具有延命效果之癌治療用組成物(以下稱為本發明之癌治療用組成物)。更具體上,本發明係提供含有選自異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸所成群中至少1種,藉由併用抗癌劑而具有延命效果之癌治療用組成物。
本發明之癌治療用組成物係可與前述本發明之副作用改善用組成物同樣地調製。
本發明之癌治療用組成物係可含有異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸中之1種(異白胺酸、白胺酸或纈胺酸)、2種(異白胺酸及白胺酸、異白胺酸及纈胺酸、或白胺酸及纈胺酸)、或3種(異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸),但以含有異白胺酸為宜,以含有異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸尤佳。
作為本發明之癌治療用組成物所併用之抗癌劑,可列舉前述抗癌劑。
抗癌劑係可併用DNA傷害性抗癌劑中之鉑製劑及抗癌性抗生素之2種,亦可併用DNA傷害性抗癌劑及代謝擷抗劑。亦可併用例如選擇鉑製劑作為DNA傷害性抗癌劑,自代謝擷抗劑選擇Tegafur(替加氟)或Capecitabine(截瘤達)。進而,亦可於鉑製劑與代謝擷抗劑,併用bevacizumab等之分子標靶治療劑。
抗癌劑係以DNA傷害性抗癌劑為宜,以阿黴素及/或順鉑尤佳。
併用本發明之癌治療用組成物及抗癌劑之形態係與僅
投予抗癌劑時比較,只要投予對象之存活期間延長(亦即只要有延命效果),並無特別限定,可為前述形態中任一種。因為本發明之癌治療用組成物之安全性極高,所以可自投予抗癌劑之前(例如數日前、數週前、數月前等)投予,另外,亦可長期間每日連續投予。以3個月以上期間為宜,以半年以上之期間尤佳,持續地併用投予本發明之癌治療用組成物與抗癌劑為宜。本發明之癌治療用組成物具有延命效果係可藉由評估如後述實施例所記載之使用實驗動物之抗癌劑治療之存活率而調查。
本發明之癌治療用組成物係適用於與抗癌劑併用,因為對接受抗癌劑治療之對象,帶來更高的治療效果。
後述實施例中更具體地說明本發明,但本發明並非侷限於此等例者。
使用C57BL/6小鼠、公鼠(日本SLC)。購入7週大,自適應飼育後8-9週大,開始投予藥劑。僅存活曲線之實驗,亦使用母鼠。
阿黴素(doxorubicin,Tronto Research Chemical
cat#D558000)係以1.5mg/ml之濃度,溶解於5%之cremophor EL(Sigma)之PBS溶液,分注後至使用時冷凍保存。評估存活率或運動機能時,每週1次腹腔內投予5mg/kg之阿黴素於小鼠。觀察急性心臟組織障礙時,單次投予15mg/kg,評估於in vivo之癌細胞之轉移、增殖時係每日,持續11天尾靜脈投予2mg/kg。
順鉑(cis-Diammineplatinum(Ⅱ)dichloride,Sigma cat#P4394)係以2mg/ml之濃度使用時,溶解於生理食鹽水而調製。評估腎臟毒性之實驗係單次投予20mg/kg,評估於in vivo之癌細胞之轉移、增殖之實驗係以單次投予,使用10mg/kg之用量。
藉由單獨抗癌劑及同時投予抗癌劑與BCAA,對得癌小鼠延命效果之實驗,係在接種癌細胞後,於第1天及第8天,同時於腹腔內投予6mg/kg之阿黴素與同量的順鉑。
以2:1:1.2的比率,含異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸之支鏈胺基酸混合物為BCAA。BCAA係懸濁於0.5%之carboxymethylcellurose(CMC,Sigma)、或溶解於γ-環
狀糊精(CAVAMAX W8,Wacker fine chemicals)後,以750mg/kg之用量,使用探針經口投予。
於投予阿黴素前,進行體重測定及跑步機上運動能力測定,進行分組以使運動能力平均。跑步機的運作速度、時間以下述控制進行。
10m/分:1分鐘
15m/分:1分鐘
20m/分:3分鐘
25m/分:3分鐘
30m/分:2分鐘
35m/分:2分鐘
阿黴素係以5mg/kg之用量,每週進行1次腹腔內投予,BCAA係以750 mg/kg之用量,進行每日經口投予。每週1次,藉由跑步機上運動機能測定,評估運動機能(圖1,上圖)。以阿黴素投予,運動機能緩緩降低,但BCAA投予組比非BCAA投予組,保持顯著的高運動機能。體重雖見有平均值差異,但認為無顯著差別(圖1,中圖)。
存活率之評估(圖1,下圖)係進行第4次阿黴素投予後至1週後,進行每日BCAA投予,觀察存活狀況。載體(僅CMC)投予組係自第4次投予後數日,存活率開始
降低,最終降低至30%弱,但BCAA投予組約80%個體存活。
以15mg/kg之阿黴素,進行腹腔內投予後,分為BCAA投予組及載體投予組,進行每日經口投予,5天後,採取小鼠血清,以酵素法測定血清中之肌胺酸激酶(creatine phosphokinase(CPK))值(CPK Ⅱ Test Wako,和光純藥)(圖2,下圖)。測定值之個體差異多,未得到顯著差別,但BCAA投予組係存在多數個比載體投予組之平均值大幅降低之個體。
為評估組織障礙,自心室側壁部分下方,切出1mm方塊程度之組織,以2%戊二醛固定後,包埋於環氧樹脂,進行薄切,以電子顯微鏡進行觀察(圖2,上圖)。作為觀察對象,載體投予組中,係選擇肌胺酸激酶值平均的個體,BCAA投予組係選擇肌胺酸激酶值比載體投予組低之2個體中平均值接近之個體。雖可見載體投予個體的心臟係心肌纖維走向紊亂或粒腺體膨潤頻率高,但觀察到BCAA投予個體中,心肌纖維、粒腺體皆近於正常個體之狀態。
腹腔內單次投予15mg/kg之阿黴素之小鼠,每日經口
投予載體或750mg/kg之BCAA,於第11日以心電圖評估心機能(圖3)。載體投予個體係受阿黴素投予的影響,心電圖的波形大幅紊亂,但BCAA投予個體保持接近大致正常的波形。
腹腔內投予20mg/kg之順鉑後,分為BCAA投予組與載體投予組,進行每日經口投予,第3天、第4天採取血清,以酵素法測定血清中之尿素(BUN Test Waco,和光純藥)(圖4,上圖)。BCAA投予係有意義地血清中尿素上升。
存活率之評估(圖4,下圖),順鉑係第1天,載體(僅CMC)或BCAA(γ-CD BCAA)係每日投予,觀察存活狀況。載體投予組係1週左右時,幾乎全部個體死亡,但BCAA投予組即使於投予順鉑3週後之時間點,仍有約70%之個體存活。
以15mg/kg之順鉑,進行腹腔內投予後,分為2組,每日經口投予載體或BCAA。3天後,將以4%三聚甲醛灌流固定之腎臟組織取出,進行切片之蘇木紫-伊紅染色,以光學顯微鏡觀察組織影像(圖5)。可見載體投予組中順鉑引起之腎小管壞死頻率高,但BCAA投予組則受抑
制。投予順鉑4日後,即使以戊二醛固定而包埋/觀察的腎臟組織,亦確認了順鉑引起之腎小管壞死係被BCAA所抑制(圖6)。
將各種培養細胞,接種4,000-5,000cells/well於96孔培養盤,隔天以0.3-10μM之阿黴素或10-300μM之順鉑與10mM BCAA進行處理。24小時後,藉由使用WST試劑(Cell Count Reagent SF,#07553-15,Nacalai tesque),測定活細胞具有的酵素活性以比較BCAA對阿黴素及順鉑之癌細胞抑制效果之影響(圖7及圖8)。對於進行評估之全部癌細胞株(Hela:人類子宮頸癌,HepG2:人類肝臟癌、PC3,DU145:人類前列腺癌、MCF7:人類乳癌、Colo26:小鼠大腸癌),BCAA對阿黴素及順鉑之癌細胞抑制作用並未造成影響。
以750mg/kg之用量,對C57BL/6小鼠進行每日投予BCAA。BCAA投予開始隔天,自尾靜脈注射以接種5×105cells之B16黑色素瘤細胞。自接種隔天,每天以2mg/kg之用量尾靜脈注射阿黴素持續11天。2週後,取出肺,評估黑色素瘤細胞之肺轉移(圖9及10)。阿黴素之肺轉移抑制效果,雖然因細胞群落接合而難以評估細胞
群落數,但肉眼所見上係明顯的,並無見到此時依有無併用BCAA而造成細胞群落數變化。肺組織表面之轉移病灶面積之評估(圖10,下圖)中,未見BCAA對因阿黴素投予而轉移病灶面積降低的影響。
對藉由尾靜脈注射以接種5×105cells之B16黑色素瘤細胞之C57BL/6小鼠,順鉑係以10mg/kg之用量,於隔天進行腹腔內單次投予,自同一天每日經口投予γ-CD BCAA。以肉眼觀察(圖11,上圖)及藉由細胞群落數(圖11,下圖),評估2週後之肺轉移。對於藉由順鉑投予所見之肺轉移細胞群落數降低,確認BCAA不造成影響。
對C57BL/6(8週大),腹腔內投予20mg/kg之順鉑(CDDP)後,將0.75g/kg之BCAA或其構成胺基酸之白胺酸、異白胺酸或纈胺酸,分別每日經口投予。採取2天後的腎臟,進行RNA萃取及cDNA合成,藉由real-time RT-PCR分析急性腎損傷生物標誌Kim1(Am J Physiol Renal Physiol,286:F552-F563(2004);Nat Biotechnol.,28:478-485(2010))之表現(圖12)。藉由順鉑投予而上升的Kim1之表現係被BCAA投予所抑制。尤其以各胺基酸進行比較時,判定異白胺酸之Kim1表現抑制效果最
強。
對C57BL/6(8週大),自尾靜脈注射20萬個B16黑色素瘤細胞(day0),併用順鉑(CDDP)(6mg/kg)及阿黴素(DOX)(6mg/kg),於隔日(day1)及8天後(day8)投予於腹腔內。另外,BCAA(750mg/kg)係自注入B16黑色素瘤細胞之2週前連日經口投予。觀察注入癌細胞後至40天後之存活狀況(圖13)。該結果係顯示藉由順鉑及阿黴素之處理,延長得癌小鼠之存活,進一步顯示投予BCAA,該存活延長。
藉由本發明,將可提供用以改善抗癌劑投予所伴隨的副作用之醫藥或食品等。
本申請書係以日本所申請之特願2011-102330(申請日:2011年4月28日)為基礎,該內容係全部包含於本說明書者。
[圖1]表示BCAA投予抑制因阿黴素所引起之對心毒性。上圖係表示開始投予阿黴素23天後之運動能力測定結果。自左為載體投予組(vehicle)及BCAA投予組
(BCAA)。縱軸係表示跑步距離(m)。中圖係表示開始投予阿黴素後第23天之體重變化。自左為載體投予組(vehicle)及BCAA投予組(BCAA)。縱軸係表示以投予前之體重為100%之體重變化(%)。下圖係表示開始投予阿黴素後載體投予組(vehicle)及BCAA投予組(BCAA)之存活率變化。縱軸係表示存活率(%),橫軸係表示存活期間(日)。
[圖2]表示BCAA對因阿黴素所引起之心臟組織障礙之減低效果。上圖係單次投予15mg/kg之阿黴素後第5天之小鼠心肌之電子顯微鏡影像。左圖:載體組(15mg/kg Adr);中央圖:BCAA投予組(Adr+BCAA);右圖:對照(Control)。下圖係表示血清中肌胺酸激酶(creatine phosphokinase(CPK))值之測定結果。縱軸係表示CPK值(IU/L)。
[圖3]係表示單次投予15mg/kg阿黴素後第11天之心電圖。上圖係表示載體投予個體(Adr)之心電圖,下圖係表示BCAA投予個體(Adr+BCAA)之心電圖。
[圖4]表示BCAA抑制因順鉑所引起之腎功能障礙,預防急性腎衰竭。上圖係表示順鉑投予第3天及第4天之血中尿素氮(BUN)。自左係順鉑投予載體投予組(cis 20 vehicle)、順鉑投予BCAA投予組(cis 20 BCAA)、無治療組(non-treat)、及無治療BCAA投予組(non-treat BCAA)。下圖係表示順鉑投予開始後之載體組(vehicle)及BCAA投予組(gCD-BCAA)之存活率變
化。縱軸係表示存活率(%),橫軸係表示存活期間(日)。
[圖5]表示因順鉑所引起之小鼠腎臟變性及BCAA效果。投予順鉑3天後之腎臟組織之染色影像。上圖:無治療個體(Control);中圖:載體投予個體(Vehicle);下圖:BCAA投予個體(BCAA)。
[圖6]表示BCAA保護腎臟腎小管。投予順鉑4天後之腎臟組織之電子顯微鏡影像。上圖:無治療個體(Control,non-treated);中圖:載體投予個體(Vehicle,Cisplatin);下圖:BCAA投予個體(BCAA,Cisplatin)。
[圖7]表示BCAA不影響阿黴素於in vitro對癌細胞株之毒性。縱軸係表示依WST試劑之測定值。n=4,平均值±標準偏差。
[圖8]表示BCAA不影響順鉑於in vitro對癌細胞株之毒性。縱軸係表示依WST試劑之測定值。n=4,平均值±標準偏差。
[圖9]表示BCAA不影響阿黴素之抗癌效果。表示藉由尾靜脈注射B16黑色素瘤細胞而接種之C57BL/6小鼠於2週後之肺轉移。上圖:無治療個體(non-treat);中圖:阿黴素投予個體(Adriamycin);下圖:阿黴素投予BCAA投予個體(Adriamycin+BCAA)。
[圖10]表示BCAA不影響阿黴素之抗癌效果。上圖係表示關於圖9試樣之肺轉移細胞群落數。自左為阿黴素投
予組(Adriamycin,n=5)、阿黴素投予BCAA投予組(Adriamycin+BCAA,n=5)。下圖係表示關於圖9試樣之轉移病灶面積。縱軸係表示轉移病灶面積(%)。自左為無治療組(non-treat,n=5)、阿黴素投予組(ADM,n=6)、阿黴素投予BCAA投予組(ADM+BCAA,n=4)。平均值±標準偏差。
[圖11]表示BCAA不影響順鉑之抗癌效果。上圖係表示藉由尾靜脈注射B16黑色素瘤細胞而接種之C57BL/6小鼠於2週後之肺轉移。自上為生理食鹽水投予載體投予組(vehicle)、順鉑投予載體投予組(Cisplatin)、順鉑投予BCAA投予組(Cisplatin+BCAA)。下圖係表示肺轉移細胞群落數。自左為生理食鹽水投予載體投予組(saline:vehicle,n=5)、順鉑投予載體投予組(Cis 10:vehicle,n=5)、順鉑投予BCAA投予組(Cis 10:BCAA,n=4)。
[圖12]表示對順鉑腎症之BCAA之個別胺基酸之單獨效果。縱軸係表示順鉑(CDDP)非投予組(Normal)中Kim1之表現量為1時之相對表現量。平均值±標準偏差,*p<0.05。
[圖13]表示藉由BCAA投予對得癌小鼠之抗癌劑治療之延命效果。縱軸係表示存活率(%),橫軸係表示存活期間(日)。
Claims (18)
- 一種抗癌劑副作用改善用組成物,其特徵係含有選自異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸所成群中至少1種作為有效成分。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其含有異白胺酸作為有效成分。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其含有異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸作為有效成分。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其含有異白胺酸作為有效成分且不含有白胺酸及纈胺酸作為有效成分。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第4項中任一項之組成物,其中抗癌劑為DNA傷害性抗癌劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之組成物,其中DNA傷害性抗癌劑為阿黴素(Adriamycin)及/或順鉑(Cisplatin)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第6項中任一項之組成物,其中副作用為心功能障礙或腎功能障礙。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第4項中任一項之組成物,其中抗癌劑為阿黴素(Adriamycin),副作用為心功能障礙。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之組成物,其中心功能障礙為心臟衰竭。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第4項中任一項之組成物,其中抗癌劑為順鉑(Cisplatin),副作用為腎功能障礙。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之組成物,其中腎功能障礙為順鉑腎病。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項及第5項至第11項中任一項之組成物,其中異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸之重量比係1:1.5~2.5:0.8~1.7。
- 一種癌治療用組成物,其特徵係含有選自異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸所成群中至少1種,且藉由與抗癌劑併用而具有延命效果。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之組成物,其含有異白胺酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之組成物,其含有異白胺酸、白胺酸及纈胺酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之組成物,其含有異白胺酸且不含有白胺酸及纈胺酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項至第16項中任一項之組成物,其中抗癌劑為DNA傷害性抗癌劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第17項之組成物,其中DNA傷害性抗癌劑為阿黴素(Adriamycin)及/或順鉑(Cisplatin)。
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