JP2015069721A - グルコース多段階酸化系酵素電極、当該酵素電極の製造方法、及び当該酵素電極を利用したバイオ燃料電池 - Google Patents
グルコース多段階酸化系酵素電極、当該酵素電極の製造方法、及び当該酵素電極を利用したバイオ燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
〔1〕補酵素ピロロキノリンキノン型グルコース脱水素酵素及び補酵素ピロロキノリンキノン型グルコン酸脱水素酵素を電極触媒として電極材に固定したグルコース多段階酸化系酵素電極であって、
ここで、前記ピロロキノリンキノン型グルコース脱水素酵素は、以下の(a)〜(c)の何れかのアミノ酸配列からなり、
(a)配列番号2、4、5、6、7、又は8に示すアミノ酸配列
(b)配列番号2、4、5、6、7、又は8に示すアミノ酸配列において1から数個のアミノ酸の欠失、置換、及び/又は付加を有するアミノ酸配列であって、補酵素ピロロキノリンキノンに依存するグルコース脱水素活性を有し、かつ前記電極材との間で直接又は電子メディエーターを介した電子伝達活性を有する
(c)配列番号2、4、5、6、7、又は8に示すアミノ酸配列に対して70%以上の相同性を有するアミノ酸配列であって、補酵素ピロロキノリンキノンに依存するグルコース脱水素活性を有し、かつ前記電極材との間で直接又は電子メディエーターを介した電子伝達活性を有する
そして、前記補酵素ピロロキノリンキノン型グルコン酸脱水素酵素は、以下の(e)〜(g)の何れかのアミノ酸配列からなる。
(e)配列番号10又は11に示すアミノ酸配列
(f)配列番号10又は11に示すアミノ酸配列において1から数個のアミノ酸の欠失、置換、及び/又は付加を有するアミノ酸配列であって、補酵素ピロロキノリンキノンに依存するグルコン酸脱水素活性を有し、かつ前記電極材との間で直接又は電子メディエーターを介した電子伝達活性を有する
(g)配列番号10又は11に示すアミノ酸配列に対して70%以上の相同性を有するアミノ酸配列であって、補酵素ピロロキノリンキノンに依存するグルコン酸脱水素活性を有し、かつ前記電極材との間で直接又は電子メディエーターを介した電子伝達活性を有する
〔2〕前記補酵素ピロロキノリンキノン型グルコース脱水素酵素は、アシネトバクター カルコアセティカス(Acinetobacter calcoaceticus)由来である。
〔3〕前記補酵素ピロロキノリンキノン型グルコース脱水素酵素は、配列番号2、4、5、6、7、又は8に示すアミノ酸配列からなる。
〔4〕前記補酵素ピロロキノリンキノン型グルコン酸脱水素酵素は、ペレディバクター ハロトレランス(Pelagibacterium halotolerans)由来である。
〔5〕前記補酵素ピロロキノリンキノン型グルコース脱水素酵素は、配列番号10又は11に示すアミノ酸配列からなる。
〔6〕前記電極材が、カーボン電極材である。
〔7〕前記電極材に対して、前記補酵素ピロロキノリンキノン型グルコース脱水素酵素及び前記補酵素ピロロキノリンキノン型グルコン酸脱水素酵素グルコース脱水素酵素を固定する工程を有する、本発明のグルコース多段階酸化系酵素電極の製造方法。
〔8〕本発明のグルコース多段階酸化系酵素電極をアノード側電極として含むバイオ燃料電池。
本発明の一実施の形態は、グルコースの多段階酸化系を利用する酵素電極に関する。本発明の酵素電極は、補酵素PQQ型グルコン酸脱水素酵素及び補酵素PQQ型グルコース脱水素酵素を電極触媒とする。これにより、電極上でグルコース等の燃料からの多段階酸化反応が進行し、各段階の触媒反応によって発生する電子を電極に取り出すことができる。そして、燃料から取り出せる電子数を、単段階の酵素触媒反応単独から取り出せる電子数と比べて倍増させるが可能になる。
本発明の他の実施の形態は、上述した本発明の酵素電極の製造方法である。
本発明の酵素電極の製造方法は、電極材上にグルコース脱水素酵素とグルコン酸脱水素酵素を固定する工程を有する。
本発明のバイオ燃料電池は、本発明の酵素電極を含んで構成される。バイオ燃料電池は、酸化反応を行うアノード側電極と還元反応を行うカソード側電極を含み、アノード側電極とカソード側電極は外部回路で接続され、及び必要に応じてアノード側電極とカソード側電極を隔離する電解質層を含んで構成される。そして、本発明の酵素電極は、アノード側電極として備える。そして、燃料をアノード側電極側に供給することにより、グルコース脱水素酵素およびグルコン酸脱水素酵素により燃料を順次酸化することによって生じた電子を電極に取り出すと共に、プロトンを発生する。そして、この電子は、直接、又は酵素反応と電極間の電子伝達を仲介するための電子メディエーターを通してアノード側電極に受け渡たされる。そして、アノード側電極から外部回路を通ってカソード側電極に電子が受け渡されることによって電流が発生する。一方、アノード側電極側で発生したプロトンが電解質層を通って、カソード側電極側に移動し、外部回路を通してアノード側から移動してきた電子と反応し水を生成する。カソード側電極側は、酸素や過酸化水素等の酸化剤を還元して電子を伝達することのできる触媒を固定して構成されることが好ましく、アノード側電極側で発生したプロトンが酸素と反応することによって水を生成するように構成される。また、カソード側電極としては、例えば、ピルビン酸オキシダーゼ、ラッカーゼ等のマルチ銅酵素等の酵素が固定された電極を使用することもできる。
本実施例では、グルコン酸脱水素酵素を取得するため、ペレディバクター・ハロトレランス B2由来のグリセロールデヒドロゲナーゼの塩基配列に基づいて、酵素を組換え生産し、その物性(分子量及び構造)を確認した。
実施例1で取得した精製酵素の酵素活性を確認するため、グルコン酸の脱水素活性を測定した。
本実施例では、酵素電極を作製し、当該酵素電極のバイオエレクトロカタリシス反応により得られる電流電圧曲線を作成した。ここでは、電極触媒としてグルコース酸化の第一段階目を触媒するグルコース脱水素酵素を使用した。
本実施例は、酵素電極の電極性能を確認した。具体的には、グルコース酸化の第一段階目を触媒するグルコース脱水素酵素に関する電極性能を確認した。電極性能の確認は、当該酵素を電極触媒とする酵素電極のバイオエレクトロカタリシス反応により得られる応答電流を測定することにより行った。
本実施例は、実施例4に続き、酵素電極の電極性能を確認した。具体的には、グルコース酸化の第一段階目を触媒するグルコース脱水素酵素及び第2段階目を触媒するグルコン酸脱水素酵素に関して電極性能を確認した。電極性能の確認は、当該酵素を電極触媒とする酵素電極のバイオエレクトロカタリシス反応により得られる応答電流を測定することにより行った。
Claims (8)
- 補酵素ピロロキノリンキノン型グルコース脱水素酵素及び補酵素ピロロキノリンキノン型グルコン酸脱水素酵素を電極触媒として電極材に固定したグルコース多段階酸化系酵素電極であって、
ここで、前記ピロロキノリンキノン型グルコース脱水素酵素は、以下の(a)〜(c)の何れかのアミノ酸配列からなり、
(a)配列番号2、4、5、6、7、又は8に示すアミノ酸配列
(b)配列番号2、4、5、6、7、又は8に示すアミノ酸配列において1から数個のアミノ酸の欠失、置換、及び/又は付加を有するアミノ酸配列であって、補酵素ピロロキノリンキノンに依存するグルコース脱水素活性を有し、かつ前記電極材との間で直接又は電子メディエーターを介した電子伝達活性を有する
(c)配列番号2、4、5、6、7、又は8に示すアミノ酸配列に対して70%以上の相同性を有するアミノ酸配列であって、補酵素ピロロキノリンキノンに依存するグルコース脱水素活性を有し、かつ前記電極材との間で直接又は電子メディエーターを介した電子伝達活性を有する
そして、前記補酵素ピロロキノリンキノン型グルコン酸脱水素酵素は、以下の(e)〜(g)の何れかのアミノ酸配列からなる。
(e)配列番号10又は11に示すアミノ酸配列
(f)配列番号10又は11に示すアミノ酸配列において1から数個のアミノ酸の欠失、置換、及び/又は付加を有するアミノ酸配列であって、補酵素ピロロキノリンキノンに依存するグルコン酸脱水素活性を有し、かつ前記電極材との間で直接又は電子メディエーターを介した電子伝達活性を有する
(g)配列番号10又は11に示すアミノ酸配列に対して70%以上の相同性を有するアミノ酸配列であって、補酵素ピロロキノリンキノンに依存するグルコン酸脱水素活性を有し、かつ前記電極材との間で直接又は電子メディエーターを介した電子伝達活性を有する - 前記補酵素ピロロキノリンキノン型グルコース脱水素酵素は、アシネトバクター カルコアセティカス由来である請求項1に記載のグルコース多段階酸化系酵素電極。
- 前記補酵素ピロロキノリンキノン型グルコース脱水素酵素は、配列番号2、4、5、6、7、又は8に示すアミノ酸配列からなる請求項1又は2に記載のグルコース多段階酸化系酵素電極。
- 前記補酵素ピロロキノリンキノン型グルコン酸脱水素酵素は、ペレディバクター ハロトレランス由来である請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載のグルコース多段階酸化系酵素電極。
- 前記補酵素ピロロキノリンキノン型グルコース脱水素酵素は、配列番号10又は11に示すアミノ酸配列からなる請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載のグルコース多段階酸化系酵素電極。
- 前記電極材が、カーボン電極材である請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のグルコース多段階酸化系酵素電極。
- 前記電極材に対して、前記補酵素ピロロキノリンキノン型グルコース脱水素酵素及び前記補酵素ピロロキノリンキノン型グルコン酸脱水素酵素グルコース脱水素酵素を固定する工程を有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のグルコース多段階酸化系酵素電極の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のグルコース多段階酸化系酵素電極をアノード側電極として含むバイオ燃料電池。
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