JP2015009185A - 二酸化炭素分離材及び二酸化炭素を分離又は回収する方法 - Google Patents
二酸化炭素分離材及び二酸化炭素を分離又は回収する方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2015009185A JP2015009185A JP2013135873A JP2013135873A JP2015009185A JP 2015009185 A JP2015009185 A JP 2015009185A JP 2013135873 A JP2013135873 A JP 2013135873A JP 2013135873 A JP2013135873 A JP 2013135873A JP 2015009185 A JP2015009185 A JP 2015009185A
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- Prior art keywords
- carbon dioxide
- polyamine
- group
- separator
- gas
- Prior art date
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- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 221
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 221
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- PFNFFQXMRSDOHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N spermine Chemical compound NCCCNCCCCNCCCN PFNFFQXMRSDOHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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Abstract
【解決手段】窒素原子上に少なくとも2つイソプロピル基を有するポリアミンを支持体に担持したポリアミン担持体を含有する二酸化炭素分離材。
【選択図】なし
Description
RBはR8又は基:−A−NR8R9を示し、
R1〜R9はそれぞれ独立して水素原子又はイソプロピル基を示し、
Aは炭素数2〜6のアルキレン基を示し、
nは0〜5の整数を示し、
p及びqはそれぞれ独立して0又は1を示す。
複数あるAは同一であっても、それぞれ異なっていてもよく、
複数ある場合のR5は同一であっても、それぞれ異なっていてもよい。
但し、式中、R1〜R9のうち2つ以上はイソプロピル基を示す。)
で表されるポリアミンである、前記項1に記載の二酸化炭素分離材。
該工程1において二酸化炭素を吸収した二酸化炭素分離材から二酸化炭素を脱離させる工程(工程2)
を含む二酸化炭素を分離又は回収する方法であって、
該工程2が
(A)該二酸化炭素分離材を減圧条件下におき、二酸化炭素を脱離させる方法(圧力スィング法)、
(B)該二酸化炭素分離材に二酸化炭素を含まない不活性ガスを接触させ、二酸化炭素を脱離させる方法、及び
(C)該二酸化炭素分離材を加熱し、二酸化炭素を脱離させる方法(温度スィング法)
のいずれか一つを含むものである、二酸化炭素を分離又は回収する方法。
本発明の二酸化炭素分離材に含まれるポリアミンは、窒素原子上に少なくとも2つイソプロピル基を有するポリアミン(以下において、「IP−ポリアミン」とすることもある)である。
RBはR8又は基:−A−NR8R9を示し、
R1〜R9はそれぞれ独立して水素原子又はイソプロピル基を示し、
Aは炭素数2〜6のアルキレン基を示し、
nは0〜5の整数を示し、
p及びqはそれぞれ独立して0又は1を示す。
複数あるAは同一であっても、それぞれ異なっていてもよく、
複数ある場合のR5は同一であっても、それぞれ異なっていてもよい。
但し、式中、R1〜R9のうち2つ以上はイソプロピル基を示す。)
で表されるポリアミンが好ましい。なお、式中、複数あるAがそれぞれ異なるとは、Aで表される複数の各アルキレン基が互いに異なることを意味する。nが2〜5の整数を示す場合におけるR1〜R9のうち2つ以上はイソプロピル基を示すとは、複数あるR5のうち2つがイソプロピル基であり、R1〜R4及びR6〜R9が全て水素原子を示す場合も含む。
本発明で用いる支持体は、前記IP−ポリアミンを担持することができ、二酸化炭素の分離回収の条件に耐えうるものであればよい。具体的には、メソポーラスシリカ、ポリメチルメタクリレート、アルミナ、シリカアルミナ、粘土鉱物、マグネシア、ジルコニア、ゼオライト及びゼオライト類縁化合物、天然鉱物、廃棄物固体、活性炭、カーボンモレキュラーシーブ、又はそれらの混合物等が挙げられる。
本発明で用いるポリアミン担持体は、前記IP−ポリアミンを前記支持体に担持させたものである。
本発明で用いる二酸化炭素分離材は、前記ポリアミン担持体の他に、バインダーを用いて造粒物としてもよい。バインダーを用いて造粒することにより、耐振性や耐摩耗性を付与することができ、さらに水中での安定性を向上することが可能である。
本発明の二酸化炭素分離(回収)方法が処理対象とするものは、二酸化炭素を含むガスである。例えば、石炭、重油、天然ガス等を燃料とする火力発電所、コークスで酸化鉄を還元する製鐵所の高炉、銑鉄中の炭素を燃焼して製鋼する製鐵所の転炉、各種製造所におけるボイラー、セメント工場におけるキルン等、さらには、ガソリン、重油、軽油等を燃料とする自動車、船舶、航空機等の輸送機器から排出される排ガス;又は潜水調査船、宇宙ステーション等の密閉空間において人の呼吸や機器のエネルギー変換等で排出される二酸化炭素等を挙げることができる。
処理対象のガスを前記二酸化炭素分離材に接触させ、二酸化炭素を吸収する工程(工程1)、及び
前工程において二酸化炭素を吸収した二酸化炭素分離材から二酸化炭素を脱離させる工程(工程2)
を含む。
(A)二酸化炭素分離材を減圧条件下におき、二酸化炭素を脱離させる方法(圧力スィング法)、
(B)二酸化炭素分離材に二酸化炭素を含まない不活性ガスを接触させ、二酸化炭素を脱離させる方法、及び
(C)二酸化炭素分離材を加熱し、二酸化炭素を脱離させる方法(温度スィング法)
が挙げられる。
なお、本実施例においてIP−TEPA(40)/MSU−H等の記載は、「アミン種(アミン種の含有量[重量%])/支持体名称」を示す。
製造例1
ジイソプロピル化テトラエチレンペンタミン(以下、「IP−TEPA」と略称する)の合成
IP−TEPAは、J.Med.Chem. 1986, 29, 376−380に記載された合成手順を参考に改良を加えて、以下のとおり合成した。
LC−MS:理論分子量(C14H35N5)273に対して、実測値m/z 274[M+H]+
沸点(概算):348℃/760mmHg
1H−NMR(CDCl3、400MHz)δppm 2.79−2.72(2H、m)、 2.71−2.64(16H、m)、 1.69(4H、br、s)、 1.05(12H、d)
13C−NMR(CDCl3、100MHz)δppm 49.4(CH2×6)、 48.7(CH×2)、 47.0(CH2×2)、23.0(CH3×4)。
ジイソプロピル化スペルミン(以下、「IP−Spermine」と略称する)の合成
スペルミン25g(0.12mol)及び撹拌子を、還流管を取り付けた500mLフラスコに入れ、これにごく少量の水に溶解した炭酸カリウム0.49molをフラスコに加えた。このフラスコを氷冷しながら混合物を撹拌しているところに、2−ブロモプロパン60.78g(0.49mol)を溶解したエタノール150mLをゆっくり滴下した。エタノール溶液の滴下が終了した後、フラスコを室温に戻し、室温で36時間反応溶液を撹拌した。反応終了後、水とエタノールを40℃で減圧除去し、残渣を得た。得られた残渣にメタノールを加え、不溶物を濾過した。メタノールを減圧除去し、無色液体であるIP−Spermineを29.42g(収率83%)で得た。
LC−MS:理論分子量(C16H38N4)286に対して、実測値m/z 287[M+H]+
沸点(概算):335℃/760mmHg
1H−NMR(CDCl3、400MHz)δppm 2.79−2.75(2H、m)、 2.68−2.61(12H、m)、 1.68−1.65(4H、m)、 1.60−1.40(4H、m)、 1.21(4H、br)、 1.05(12H、d)
13C−NMR(CDCl3、100MHz)δppm 49.9(CH2×2)、 48.7(CH×2)、 48.5(CH2×2)、 46.1(CH2×2)、 30.8(CH2×2)、 27.9(CH2×2)、 23.0(CH3×4)。
テトライソプロピル化N,N,N’,N’−テトラキス(3−アミノプロピル)−1,4−ブタンジアミン(以下、「IP−DAB−Am−4」と略称する)の合成
N,N,N’,N’−テトラキス(3−アミノプロピル)−1,4−ブタンジアミン(DAB−Am−4)25g(78.98mmol)及び撹拌子を、還流管を取り付けた500mLフラスコに入れ、これにごく少量の水に溶解した炭酸カリウム0.316molをフラスコに加えた。このフラスコを氷冷しながら混合物を撹拌しているところに、2−ブロモプロパン38.86g(0.316mol)を溶解したエタノール100mLをゆっくり滴下した。エタノール溶液の滴下が終了した後、フラスコを室温に戻し、室温で48時間撹拌した。反応終了後、水とエタノールを40℃で減圧除去し、残渣を得た。得られた残渣にメタノールを加え、不溶物を濾過した。メタノールを減圧除去し、IP−DAB−Am−4の粗体を得た。得られた粗体から残溶媒をさらに高真空で除去することによって、無色の液体であるIP−DAB−Am−4を32.92g(収率86%)で得た。
LC−MS:理論分子量(C28H64N6)484に対して、実測値m/z 485[M+H]+
沸点(概算):451℃/760mmHg
1H−NMR(CDCl3、400MHz)δppm 2.78−2.72(4H、m)、 2.62−2.58(8H、m)、 2.45−2.42(12H、m)、 2.38(4H、br、s)、 1.63−1.59(8H、m)、 1.40−1.29(4H、m)、 1.05(24H、d)
13C−NMR(CDCl3、100MHz)δppm 54.0(CH2×2)、 52.4(CH2×4)、 48.8(CH×4)、 46.3(CH2×4)、 27.7(CH2×4)、 25.0(CH2×2)、 23.0(CH3×8)。
支持体(MSU−H)の合成
水 3.5LにP123(シグマアルドリッチ社製;トリブロックコポリマーP123(PEO20PPO70PEO20)) 125gを溶解した。得られた水溶液に酢酸 50mLを添加し、20分撹拌後、ケイ酸ナトリウム溶液(キシダ化学社製;ケイ酸ナトリウム溶液 3号) 181gを10mL/30秒で滴下した。滴下終了後、撹拌を停止し、40℃に加温後、24時間静置し、その後100℃まで加温し、さらに24時間静置した。生成物を濾取し、水で十分に洗浄した後、80℃で一晩乾燥し、500℃で6時間焼成し、目的物であるメソポーラスシリカ焼成体(MSU−H)を60gで得た。
実施例1
IP−TEPA(60)/MSU−F
製造例1で得られたIP−TEPAを二酸化炭素分離材の60重量%となるように、定量秤量し、これを容量300ccのナスフラスコに量りとったメタノール(和光純薬工業社製;特級) 20gに溶解させた。その後、別途秤量した支持体MSU−F(アルドリッチ社製;メソ細孔シリカ;比表面積550m2/g、細孔径20nm、細孔容積2.0mL/g) 10gにこれを加え、室温で2時間攪拌した後、これをロータリーエバポレーター(EYELA社製;N−1000)で60℃に加熱しながら、系内の圧力が0.03MPaになるまで減圧することで、メタノール溶媒を除去し、アミンを支持体に均一に担持した二酸化炭素分離材を調製した。メタノール溶媒の除去は、フラスコと試薬類の合計の重さを予め量り取り、メタノール溶媒に相当する20gの重量減少が確認できた時点で調製完了とした。調製した二酸化炭素分離材は二酸化炭素吸収性能評価試験に供するまで、ナスフラスコに栓をしてデシケータ内で保管した。
IP−Spermine(40)/PMMA
IP−TEPAに代えて、製造例2で得られたIP−Spermineを二酸化炭素分離材の40重量%となるように定量秤量し、支持体としてMSU−Fに代えてポリメチルメタクリレートビーズ(三菱化学株式会社製;ダイヤイオン(登録商標)HP2MG;有効径0.3mm以上、比表面積570m2/g、細孔径19nm、細孔容積1.3mL/g) 10gを用いた他は、実施例1と同様に二酸化炭素分離材の調製及び保管をした。
IP−DAB−Am−4(40)/MSU−F
IP−TEPAに代えて、製造例3で得られたIP−DAB−Am−4を二酸化炭素分離材の40重量%となるように定量秤量した他は、実施例1と同様に二酸化炭素分離材の調製及び保管した。
MSU−Fに代えて前記製造例4で得られたMSU−Hを用いた他は、実施例1と同様にし、造粒原料としてIP−TEPA(40)/MSU−Hを得た。得られたIP−TEPA(40)/MSU−H 20.00gにポリフロン(ダイキン工業株式会社製;PTFE D210C) 1.74g(造粒組成物に対して、8.0重量%)を十分混合した。次に得られた混合物を手で十分に撹拌しながら、水39.0g(造粒原料100重量部に対して、195重量部)を徐々に加え、適度の粘着性を有した造粒可能な水分を有した状態の組成物とした。得られた湿潤状態の組成物をロータリーエバポレーターによって、60℃、2時間減圧乾燥を行い、水分を除去した後に、ふるいを用いて60メッシュパス、100メッシュオンの造粒組成物を得た。
実施例4と同様にしてIP−TEPA(40)/MSU−Hを得た。別途、10重量%の水溶性ナイロンP−70(東レ株式会社製;AQナイロン:変性ポリアミド樹脂)水溶液 5.00g(造粒組成物に対して、P−70の純換算で5.0重量%)、20.0重量%のソルビトールポリグリシジルエーテル(ナガセケムテック株式会社製;デナコールEX−421)水溶液 1.25g及び水 7.85gを配合し、バインダー配合物を得た。IP−TEPA(40)/MSU−H 9.25gに得られたバインダー配合物を手で十分に撹拌しながら徐々に加えた。得られた混合物に水 0.47gを加え、適度の粘着性を有した造粒可能な状態の組成物に調製した。得られた湿潤状態の組成物をロータリーエバポレーターによって、60℃、2時間減圧乾燥を行い、水分を除去した後に、ふるいを用いて60メッシュパス、100メッシュオンの造粒物を得た。
IP−DAB−Am−4を二酸化炭素分離材の60重量%となるように定量秤量した他は、実施例3と同様にして、IP−DAB−Am−4(60)/MSU−Fを得た。IP−DAB−Am−4(60)/MSU−F 2.5gにヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(HPMC)(三晶株式会社製;NEOVISCO MC RM4000) 0.2g(組成物に対して、8.0重量%)を加え、十分に混合した。得られた混合物を手で十分に撹拌しながら水 1.4g(原料組成物100重量部に対して、56重量部)を徐々に加え、適度な粘着性を有した造粒可能な状態の組成物にした。得られた湿潤状態の組成物をロータリーエバポレーターによって、60℃、2時間減圧乾燥を行い、水分を除去した後に、ふるいを用いて60メッシュパス、100メッシュオンの造粒物を得た。
下記表1に記載の組成とする以外は、実施例1〜6と同様にして実施例7〜12の二酸化炭素分離材を合成した。また、下記表1に記載の組成とする以外は、実施例1〜3と同様にして比較例1〜7の二酸化炭素分離材を合成した。
以下、実施例及び比較例の二酸化炭素分離材についての各温度における二酸化炭素の吸収量は、定容法によって株式会社島津製作所製のASAP2020を用いて、各圧力における平衡吸収量を測定した。当該装置は、JIS Z 8831−2及び同8831−3に記載の原理のガス吸着量を測定することにより、比表面積及び細孔径を求めることができる装置であるが、本装置を用いて同様の原理により二酸化炭素の吸収量を測定することができる。各評価試験における測定方法は特に記載のない限り、以下のようにして行った。
前記実施例1〜6又は比較例1〜3で得られた二酸化炭素分離材の二酸化炭素吸収量及び減圧による二酸化炭素の脱離(回収)量を測定した。以下、表2に結果を示す。
前記実施例7〜12又は比較例4〜6で得られた二酸化炭素分離材を用い、40℃、100kPaの条件でCO2吸収量を測定し、40℃で脱離量を測定した他は、前記評価試験1と同様にして各値を測定した。以下、表3に結果を示す。
前記実施例7(IP−TEPA(40)/MSU−H)及び比較例1(TEPA(40)/MSU−H)で得られた二酸化炭素分離材をそれぞれ用いて、20℃、40℃及び60℃のそれぞれ温度で二酸化炭素の吸収量、脱離(回収)量及び脱離率を測定した。以下、表4に結果を示す。
前記実施例7(IP−TEPA(40)/MSU−H)及び比較例1(TEPA(40)/MSU−H)で得られた二酸化炭素分離材をそれぞれ用いて、5分及び20分のそれぞれの減圧時間で脱離(回収)量及び脱離率を測定した。以下、表5に40℃での結果を示す。また、図1に各温度における吸収等温線を示す。
(固定床流通式試験装置による二酸化炭素吸収−脱離量測定)
(1)水蒸気の影響検討
二酸化炭素分離材は室内空間や燃焼排ガス等、二酸化炭素以外に水蒸気を含む混合ガスから二酸化炭素吸収量を分離する条件で使用するため、水蒸気の影響を検討した。加湿条件下における二酸化炭素吸収量の測定には固定床流通式試験装置(GLサイエンス社製)を用いた。
温度スイング法への適用可能性を検討するため、固定床流通式試験装置(GLサイエンス社製)を用いて、実施例8(IP−TEPA(40)/PMMA)又は比較例7(TEPA(40)/PMMA)の二酸化炭素分離材の加熱による脱離(回収)について検討を行った。加熱による脱離(回収)は、前記固定床流通式試験装置を用いて23℃で二酸化炭素を含む混合ガス(CO2(7000ppm)−N2バランス)を通し、二酸化炭素の吸収量が飽和に達した後、アルゴンガスを導入すると同時に、10℃/分で60℃まで加熱昇温して30分間保持して、その間に脱離した二酸化炭素の量を測定した。以下、表7に結果を示す。
Claims (10)
- 窒素原子上に少なくとも2つイソプロピル基を有するポリアミンを支持体に担持したポリアミン担持体を含有する二酸化炭素分離材。
- 前記ポリアミンが、760mmHgにおける沸点が320℃以上のポリアミンである、請求項1又は2に記載の二酸化炭素分離材。
- 前記ポリアミンが、ジイソプロピル化テトラエチレンペンタミン、ジイソプロピル化スペルミン、テトライソプロピル化N,N,N’,N’−テトラキス(3−アミノプロピル)−1,4−ブタンジアミン、ジイソプロピル化ペンタエチレンヘキサミン、ジイソプロピル化ヘキサエチレンヘプタミン及びジイソプロピル化トリエチレンテトラミンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の二酸化炭素分離材。
- 前記支持体が、メソポーラスシリカ、ポリメチルメタクリレート、アルミナ、シリカアルミナ、粘土鉱物、マグネシア、ジルコニア、ゼオライト、ゼオライト類縁化合物、天然鉱物、廃棄物固体、活性炭、カーボンモレキュラーシーブ、又はそれらの混合物である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の二酸化炭素分離材。
- 前記支持体が、比表面積(BET)が50m2/g以上1000m2/g以下であり、且つ、細孔容積が0.1cm3/g〜2.3cm3/gである、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の二酸化炭素分離材。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のポリアミン担持体及びバインダーを含む造粒物を含有する二酸化炭素分離材。
- 前記バインダーが、フッ素樹脂、セルロース誘導体、並びにエポキシ樹脂及びエポキシ樹脂の硬化剤の混合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である、請求項7に記載の二酸化炭素分離材。
- 処理対象のガスを請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の二酸化炭素分離材に接触させ、二酸化炭素を吸収する工程(工程1)、及び
該工程1において二酸化炭素を吸収した二酸化炭素分離材から二酸化炭素を脱離させる工程(工程2)
を含む二酸化炭素を分離又は回収する方法であって、
該工程2が
(A)該二酸化炭素分離材を減圧条件下におき、二酸化炭素を脱離させる方法(圧力スィング法)、
(B)該二酸化炭素分離材に二酸化炭素を含まない不活性ガスを接触させ、二酸化炭素を脱離させる方法、及び
(C)該二酸化炭素分離材を加熱し、二酸化炭素を脱離させる方法(温度スィング法)
のいずれか一つを含むものである、二酸化炭素を分離又は回収する方法。 - 前記処理対象のガスが温度20〜60℃かつ二酸化炭素分圧100kPa以下のガスであり、前記工程2が前記(A)である、請求項9に記載の二酸化炭素を分離又は回収する方法。
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