JP2014534236A - Atp−結合カセットトランスポーターの修飾因子 - Google Patents
Atp−結合カセットトランスポーターの修飾因子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014534236A JP2014534236A JP2014541272A JP2014541272A JP2014534236A JP 2014534236 A JP2014534236 A JP 2014534236A JP 2014541272 A JP2014541272 A JP 2014541272A JP 2014541272 A JP2014541272 A JP 2014541272A JP 2014534236 A JP2014534236 A JP 2014534236A
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- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZGNPLWZYVAFUNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P ZGNPLWZYVAFUNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1CCCO1 BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001712 tetrahydronaphthyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropylammonium Chemical compound CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001256 tonic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006168 tricyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004385 trihaloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002753 trypsin inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940054369 ultrase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003827 upregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940070710 valerate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009385 viral infection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002676 xenobiotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HWYAAZZHEZWRRG-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc diperchlorate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Zn++].[O-][Cl](=O)(=O)=O.[O-][Cl](=O)(=O)=O HWYAAZZHEZWRRG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2011年11月8日出願の米国仮出願第61/557,043号および2012年3月13日出願の米国仮出願第61/610,257号からの優先権を主張し、それらの内容全体を引用により本出願に含める。
本発明は、ATP-結合カセット (「ABC」) トランスポーターまたはその断片、例えば、嚢胞性線維症膜コンダクタンス制御因子 (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator)(「CFTR」)の修飾因子 (modulator)、その組成物およびそれらによる方法に関する。本発明はまた、かかる修飾因子を用いるABC トランスポーターに媒介される疾患を治療する(treating)方法にも関する。
ABC トランスポーターは、多種多様な薬剤(pharmacological agent)、潜在的に毒性の薬物、および生体異物、ならびにアニオンの輸送を調節する膜トランスポータータンパク質のファミリーである。ABC トランスポーターは、それらの特定の活性のために細胞のアデノシン三リン酸 (ATP) に結合し、利用する、同属の(homologous)膜タンパク質である。これらのトランスポーターのいくつかは、多剤耐性タンパク質(例えば、MDR1-P 糖タンパク質、または多剤耐性タンパク質、MRP1)として見出されており、化学療法薬に対して悪性癌細胞を防御する。現在までに、48のABC トランスポーターが同定されており、それらの配列同一性および機能に基づいて7つのファミリーに分類されている。
本発明の化合物、およびその医薬上許容される組成物は、ABC トランスポーター活性、特に CTFR 活性の修飾因子として有用であることがこのたび判明した。これらの化合物は一般式 I:
を有するか、またはその医薬上許容される塩であり、ここで、それぞれの出現について独立して(independenly for each occurrence):
Yは、OHまたはNHであり; および、
Xは、CO2Jであり;
ここで、Jは、HまたはC1-C6 アルキルであり;
Rは、H、OH、OCH3 であるか、あるいは2つのRは一緒になって、-OCH2O-または-OCF2O-を形成し;
R1は、Hまたは2までの (up to two)C1-C6 アルキルであり;
R2は、Hまたはハロであり; および、
R3は、HまたはC1-C6 アルキルであり;
あるいはYおよびXは、一緒になって、式 IIの化合物:
またはその医薬上許容される塩を形成し、ここで、それぞれの出現について独立して:
Rは、H、OH、OCH3 であるか、あるいは2つのRは一緒になって、-OCH2O-または-OCF2O-を形成し;
R1は、Hまたは2までの C1-C6 アルキルであり;
R2は、Hまたはハロであり;
R3は、Hまたは C1-C6 アルキルであり;
Yは、OまたはNR4であり; および、
R4は、HまたはC1-C6 アルキルである。
定義
本明細書において用いる場合、以下の定義を特に断りのない限り適用する。
またはその医薬上許容される塩に注目するものであり、ここで:
R2は、Hまたはハロである。
またはその医薬上許容される塩に注目するものであり、ここで:
R2は、Hまたはハロである。
を調製する方法を含み、ここで、可変部は上記の通りであり、該方法は、式I-2の化合物の塩基による処理を含む。
該方法は、式 I-1のエステルを式 Iaの化合物へと変換することを含み:
R2は、Hまたはハロであり; および、
R4は、C1-C6 アルキルまたはベンジルである。
ここで、 R2は、Hまたはハロであり; 該方法は以下を含む:
式 I-3の化合物を式 IIaの化合物へと変換すること。
ここで、 可変部は上記の通りであり、該方法は、以下を含む:
(a)式 I-3の化合物を酸化剤と上記の通りの溶媒の存在下で接触させて式 I-2の化合物を得ること;
(b)式 I-1の化合物を塩基と上記の通りの溶媒の存在下で接触させて式 Iaの化合物を得ること。
ここで、可変部は上記の通りであり、該方法は以下を含む:
(a)式 I-4の化合物を酸化剤と上記の通りの溶媒の存在下で接触させて式 I-3の化合物を得ること;
(c)式 I-1の化合物を塩基と上記の通りの溶媒の存在下で接触させて式 Iaの化合物を得ること。
ここで、 可変部は上記の通りであり、該方法は以下を含む:
(a)式 I-4の化合物をカルボニルジイミダゾール (CDI)と上記の通りの溶媒の存在下で接触させて式 I-4の化合物を得ること;
(d)式 I-1の化合物を塩基と上記の通りの溶媒の存在下で接触させて式 Iaの化合物を得ること。
ここで、 可変部は上記の通りであり、該方法は以下を含む:
(a)式 I-4の化合物を酸化剤と上記の通りの溶媒の存在下で接触させて式 I-3の化合物を得ること;
(b)式 I-3の化合物を塩基と上記の通りの溶媒の存在下で接触させて式 IIaの化合物を得ること。
ここで、 可変部は上記の通りであり、該方法は以下を含む:
(a)式 I-4の化合物をカルボニルジイミダゾール (CDI)と上記の通りの溶媒の存在下で接触させて式 I-4の化合物を得ること;
(c)式 I-3の化合物を塩基と上記の通りの溶媒の存在下で接触させて式 IIaの化合物を得ること;
ここで、 R2およびR4 は、上記の通りである。
ここで、 R2 およびR4 は、上記の通りである。
ここで、 R4 は、iPr またはベンジルである。
ここで、 R4 は、iPr またはベンジルである。
式 Iの化合物は、以下のスキーム1から 5にしたがって、酸塩化物部分とアミン部分とをカップリングさせること、次いで閉環させることによって調製することができる。
スキーム 1:酸塩化物部分の合成
スキーム 2:酸塩化物部分の代替的合成
スキーム 3:アミン部分の合成
スキーム 4:酸塩化物とアミン部分とのカップリング
スキーム 5:閉環による式IIの化合物の生成
スキーム 6:酸化および加水分解による式 Iの化合物の生成
スキーム 7: 式 Iの化合物を調製する代替的方法
スキーム 8:カルボン酸へのワンポット酸化
スキーム 9:加水分解による式 Iの化合物の形成
スキーム 10:式 Iの化合物の代替的合成
スキーム 11:イソプロピルエステルの加水分解
スキーム 12: R2 がFである式 IaおよびIIaの化合物の合成
したがって、本発明の別の側面において、医薬上許容される組成物が提供され、ここで、これらの組成物は、本明細書に記載するいずれかの化合物を含み、および所望により、医薬上許容される担体、補助剤または媒体を含む。特定の態様において、これらの組成物は、所望によりさらに一以上のさらなる治療薬を含む。
試薬および化合物
Vitride(登録商標) (水素化ビス(2-メトキシエトキシ)アルミニウムナトリウム [またはNaAlH2(OCH2CH2OCH3)2]、トルエン中65 重量 (wgt)% 溶液) は、Aldrich Chemicalsから購入した。3-フルオロ-4-ニトロアニリンは、Capot Chemicalsから購入した。 5-ブロモ-2,2-ジフルオロ-1,3-ベンゾジオキソールは、Alfa Aesarから購入した。2,2-ジフルオロ-1,3-ベンゾジオキソール-5-カルボン酸は、Saltigo (Lanxess Corporationの提携会社) から購入した。
(2,2-ジフルオロ-1,3-ベンゾジオキソール-5-イル)-1-酢酸エチル-アセトニトリルの合成
2-ブロモ-5-フルオロ-4-ニトロ(ntro)アニリンの合成
δ 8.19 (1 H、d、J = 8.1 Hz)、7.06 (br. s、2 H)、6.64 (d、1 H、J = 14.3Hz)。
この部分におけるすべての当量および体積の記載は、250gの反応に基づく。マグネシウムくず(turning)(69.5 g、2.86 mol、2.0 当量) を3 L 4-首反応器に入れ、マグネティックスターラーを用いて窒素下で0.5時間撹拌した。反応器を氷-水浴に浸漬した。THF (1.8 L、7.2 体積)中のプロパルギルクロリド (250 g、1.43 mol、1.0 当量) の溶液をゆっくりと反応器に撹拌しながら最初の発熱 (〜10 ℃)が観察されるまで添加した。グリニャール試薬形成を1H-NMR 分光法を用いるIPCにより確認した。いったん発熱が鎮静したら、残りの溶液をゆっくりとバッチ温度 <15 ℃を維持して添加した。添加には〜3.5時間必要であった。結果として得られた濃緑色混合物をデカントして2 L 蓋つきビンに入れた。
マグネシウム くず(turnings) (106 g、4.35 mol、1.0 当量) を22 L 反応器に入れ、次いでTHF (760 mL、1 体積) に懸濁した。容器を氷-水浴中で冷却し、バッチ温度が2 ℃に達するようにした。THF (4.5 L、6 体積)中のプロパルギルクロリド (760 g、4.35 mol、1.0 当量) の溶液をゆっくりと反応器に添加した。100 mL を添加した後、添加を停止させ、混合物を13 ℃の発熱が観察されるまで撹拌し、これはグリニャール試薬開始を示す。発熱が鎮静したら、さらに500 mLのプロパルギルクロリド溶液をバッチ温度 <20 ℃を維持しつつゆっくりと添加した。グリニャール試薬形成を1H-NMR 分光法を用いるIPCにより確認した。残りのプロパルギルクロリド溶液をゆっくりと添加し、バッチ温度 <20 ℃を維持した。添加には、〜1.5時間必要であった。結果として得られた濃緑色溶液を0.5時間撹拌した。グリニャール試薬形成を1H-NMR 分光法を用いるIPCにより確認した。非希釈(Neat) ベンジルクロロメチルエーテルを反応器添加漏斗に入れ、次いでバッチ温度を25 ℃未満に維持して反応器に滴下した。添加には、1.0時間必要であった。反応混合物を一晩撹拌した。水性後処理(workup) および濃縮を方法 Aにおけるものと同じ手順および物質の相対量を用いて行い、生成物をオレンジ色油として得た。
方法 A
ベンジルグリコール化 4-アミノ-2-(4-ベンジルオキシ-3,3-ジメチルブタ-1-イニル)-5-フルオロアニリンの合成
方法 B
20 L オートクレーブを3回窒素ガスで流し、次いでパラジウム炭素(palladium on carbon) (Evonik E 101 NN/W、5% Pd、60% wet、200 g、0.075 mol、0.04 当量) を入れた。オートクレーブを次いで窒素で3回流した。THF (8 L、6 体積)中の粗ベンジル保護 (R)-1-(2,2-ジフルオロベンゾ[d][1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル)-N-(1-(2,3-ジヒドロキシプロピル)-6-フルオロ-2-(1-ヒドロキシ2-メチルプロパン-2-イル)-1H-インドール-5-イル)シクロプロパンカルボキサミド (1.3 kg、~1.9 mol) の溶液をオートクレーブに吸引により添加した。容器にキャップをし、次いで 3回窒素ガスで流した。穏やかに撹拌しながら、容器を3回水素ガスで流し、窒素で希釈することにより大気に排出した。オートクレーブを水素で3 Barに加圧し、撹拌速度を800 rpmに上昇させた。迅速な水素取り込みが観察された (溶解)。いったん取り込みが鎮静したら、容器を50 ℃に加熱した。
ベンジル保護 (R)-1-(2,2-ジフルオロベンゾ[d][1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル)-N-(1-(2,3-ジヒドロキシプロピル)-6-フルオロ-2-(1-ヒドロキシ2-メチルプロパン-2-イル)-1H-インドール-5-イル)シクロプロパンカルボキサミドをTHF (3 体積) に溶解し、次いで 乾燥するまで除き(stripped to dryness)、あらゆる残留する溶媒を除去した。ベンジル保護 (R)-1-(2,2-ジフルオロベンゾ[d][1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル)-N-(1-(2,3-ジヒドロキシプロピル)-6-フルオロ-2-(1-ヒドロキシ2-メチルプロパン-2-イル)-1H-インドール-5-イル)シクロプロパンカルボキサミドをTHF (4 体積) に再溶解し、5重量% Pd/C (2.5 mol%、60% wet、Degussa E5 E101 NN/W)を含有する水素化器に添加した。反応の内部温度を50℃に調整し、N2 (x5)、次いで、水素 (x3)で流した。水素化器圧力を3 Barの水素に調整し、混合物を迅速に撹拌した(>1100 rpm)。反応の最後に、触媒をセライトのパッドでろ過し、THF (1 体積) で洗浄した。濾液を減圧下で濃縮して褐色泡状残渣を得た。結果として得られた残渣をMTBE (5 体積)および 0.5N HCl 溶液 (2 体積)に溶解し、蒸留水 (1 体積) を添加した。混合物をNLT 30 分間撹拌し、結果として得られた層を分離した。有機相を10重量% K2CO3 溶液 (2 体積 x2) で洗浄し、次いで塩水で洗浄した。有機層をシリカゲル (25 重量%)、Deloxan-THP II (5重量%、75% wet)、およびNa2SO4 を含有するフラスコに添加し、一晩撹拌した。結果として得られた混合物をセライトのパッドでろ過し、10%THF/MTBE (3 体積) で洗浄した。濾液を減圧下で濃縮して、粗 (R)-1-(2,2-ジフルオロベンゾ[d][1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル)-N-(1-(2,3-ジヒドロキシプロピル)-6-フルオロ-2-(1-ヒドロキシ2-メチルプロパン-2-イル)-1H-インドール-5-イル)シクロプロパンカルボキサミドを淡褐色泡状物質として得た。
(R)-1-(2,2-ジフルオロベンゾ[d][1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル)-N-(1-(2,3-ジヒドロキシプロピル)-6-フルオロ-2-(1-ヒドロキシ-2-メチルプロパン-2-イル)-1H-インドール-5-イル)シクロプロパンカルボキサミド (11.5 mmol、1 当量)をDCM (51 mL、8.5 体積) に懸濁した。デス・マーチン・ペルヨージナンの溶液(DCM中0.3 M、12.8 mmol、1.1 当量) を環境温度で添加した。混合物を反応がHPLCにより完了したとみなされるまで撹拌した。亜硫酸ナトリウムの5% 水溶液を添加し、混合物を 4時間まで撹拌した。相を分離し、次いで、有機相を1 N HCl、塩水で洗浄し、次いでロータリーエバポレーションにより濃縮した。残渣をクロマトグラフィーにより精製した。精製物質の収率は、7および15%の間であった。
(R)-1-(2,2-ジフルオロベンゾ[d][1,3]ジオキソール-5-イル)-N-(1-(2,3-ジヒドロキシプロピル)-6-フルオロ-2-(1-ヒドロキシ-2-メチルプロパン-2-イル)-1H-インドール-5-イル)シクロプロパンカルボキサミド (48.03 mmol、1 当量) を酢酸エチル (1.25 L、50 体積) に溶解し、加熱した。シリカ-支持(supported) 重クロム酸ピリジニウム (Si-PDC、48.03 mmol、1 当量) を撹拌熱溶液に入れた。反応をHPLCにより完了したとみなされるまで撹拌した。反応混合物をシリカゲルのパッドでろ過し、フィルターケーキを酢酸エチル (2 x 100 mL、2 x 4 体積) で洗浄した。母液をロータリーエバポレーションにより濃縮し、残渣をクロマトグラフィーにより精製した。精製物質の収率は13.5%であった。
化合物のΔF508-CFTR 調節特性をアッセイするための膜電位光学的方法。
アッセイは、NIH 3T3 細胞における機能的 ΔF508-CFTR の上昇についての読み取りとして、蛍光プレートリーダー (例えば、FLIPR III, Molecular Devices, Inc.)を用いて膜電位における変化を測定するために蛍光電位検知色素を利用する。応答のための駆動力は、細胞が以前に化合物により処理された後、引き続き、電位検知色素を添加される、単一液体添加工程によるチャンネル活性化と併せてのクロライドイオン勾配の生成である。
ΔF508-CFTRに関連する輸送欠陥を修正する小分子を同定するために;単一-添加 HTS アッセイ型式を開発した。細胞を含有するアッセイプレートを組織培養インキュベーターで37℃、5%CO2、90% 湿度で〜2-4 時間インキュベートする。細胞は次いでアッセイプレートの底面に接着後、化合物曝露についての準備ができる。
ΔF508-CFTRの増強剤を同定するために、二重-添加 HTS アッセイ型式を開発した。このHTS アッセイは、温度-修正(corrected) ΔF508 CFTR NIH 3T3 細胞におけるΔF508 CFTR の開閉(コンダクタンス)の上昇についての測定値としてFLIPR III 上の膜電位の変化を測定するために蛍光電位検知色素を利用する。応答のための駆動力は、細胞が以前に増強剤化合物(またはDMSO 媒体コントロール)により処理された後、引き続き再分布色素を添加される、蛍光プレートリーダー、例えば、FLIPR IIIを用いる単一液体添加工程におけるフォルスコリンによるチャンネル活性化と併せてのCl- イオン勾配である。
溶液:
バス溶液 #1: (mMにおける) NaCl 160、KCl 4.5、CaCl2 2、MgCl2 1、HEPES 10、pH 7.4 、NaOH含有。
クロライド-非含有バス溶液: バス溶液 #1におけるクロライド塩がグルコン酸塩により置換されている。
ΔF508-CFTRを安定に発現するNIH3T3 マウス線維芽細胞が膜電位の光学的測定のために使用される。細胞を37℃、5% CO2および90 % 湿度にて、175 cm2 培養フラスコ中、2 mM グルタミン、10 % ウシ胎仔血清、1 X NEAA、β-ME、1 X ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン(pen/strep)、および25 mM HEPESを追加したダルベッコ変法イーグル培地に維持する。すべての光学的アッセイのために、384-ウェルのマトリゲル-コーティングプレート中に〜20,000/ウェルにて細胞を播種し、2 時間37℃で培養した後、増強剤アッセイのために、27 ℃で24 時間培養した。修正アッセイのためには、細胞を27 ℃ または37 ℃で化合物有および無で16 - 24 時間培養する。化合物のΔF508-CFTR 調節特性をアッセイするための電気生理学的アッセイである。
ウッシングチャンバー実験をΔF508-CFTRを発現する極性気道上皮細胞にて行ってさらに光学的アッセイにて同定したΔF508-CFTR 修飾因子を特徴づけた。非-( Non-)CFおよびCF 気道上皮を気管支組織から単離し、以前に記載されているようにして培養し (Galietta, L.J.V., Lantero, S., Gazzolo, A., Sacco, O., Romano, L., Rossi, G.A., & Zegarra-Moran, O. (1998) In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 34, 478-481)、NIH3T3-条件培地でプレコーティングされたCostar(登録商標) Snapwell(商標)フィルターに蒔いた。4日間後、頂端側培地を除去し、細胞を気液界面にて>14 日間使用前に培養した。この結果、線毛性の完全に分化した円柱状細胞の単層が生じ、これは気道上皮に特徴的な特色である。非-CF HBEをいかなる既知の肺疾患も有さない非喫煙者から単離した。CF-HBE をΔF508-CFTRについてホモ接合性の患者から単離した。
典型的なプロトコールは、基底外側から頂端膜へのCl- 濃度勾配を利用した。この勾配を設定するために、正常リンゲルを側底膜上に使用し、一方、頂端側 NaClを等モルのグルコン酸ナトリウムにより置換し (NaOHを用いてpH 7.4に滴定)、上皮を横切る大きなCl- 濃度勾配を作った。すべての実験はインタクトな単層を用いて行った。ΔF508-CFTRを完全に活性化するために、フォルスコリン (10 μM)、PDE 阻害剤、IBMX (100 μM) およびCFTR 増強剤、ゲニステイン (50 μM) を頂端側に添加した。
典型的なプロトコールは、基底外側から頂端膜への Cl- 濃度勾配を利用した。この勾配を設定するために、正常リンゲルを側底膜上で使用し、一方、頂端側 NaClを等モルのグルコン酸ナトリウムにより置換し(NaOHを用いてpH 7.4に滴定)、上皮を横切る大きなCl- 濃度勾配を作った。フォルスコリン (10 μM)およびすべての被験化合物を細胞培養挿入断片の頂端側に添加した。推定 ΔF508-CFTR 増強剤の有効性を、公知の増強剤、ゲニステインのものと比較した。
ΔF508-NIH3T3 細胞における総Cl- 電流を以前に記載されているようにして穿孔-パッチ記録配置を用いてモニターした(Rae, J., Cooper, K., Gates, P., & Watsky, M. (1991) J. Neurosci. Methods 37, 15-26)。電位固定記録を22℃でAxopatch 200B パッチクランプ増幅器 (Axon Instruments Inc.、Foster City、CA)を用いて行った。ピペット液は、(mMにおいて) 150 N-メチル-D-グルカミン (NMDG)-Cl、2 MgCl2、2 CaCl2、10 EGTA、10 HEPES、および240 μg/ml アンホテリシン-B (HClによりpHは7.35に調整)を含有していた。細胞外培地は、(mMにおいて) 150 NMDG-Cl、2 MgCl2、2 CaCl2、10 HEPES (HClによりpHは7.35に調整)を含有していた。パルス発生、データ収集、および解析は、Clampex 8 (Axon Instruments Inc.) と併せてDigidata 1320 A/D インターフェースを備えたPCを用いて行った。ΔF508-CFTRを活性化するために、10μM フォルスコリンおよび20 μM ゲニステインをバスに添加し、電流電圧関係を30秒ごとにモニターした。
細胞膜における機能的 ΔF508-CFTRの密度を上昇させる修正化合物の活性を決定するために、本発明者らは、上記の穿孔-パッチ-記録技術を使用して、修正化合物による24-時間処理の後に電流密度を測定した。ΔF508-CFTRを完全に活性化するために、10 μM フォルスコリンおよび20μM ゲニステインを細胞に添加した。本発明者らの記録条件の下で、27℃での24-時間インキュベーションの後の電流密度は、37 ℃での24-時間インキュベーションの後に観察されたものよりも高かった。これらの結果は、細胞膜におけるΔF508-CFTRの密度に対する低温インキュベーションの公知の効果と一致する。CFTR電流密度に対する修正化合物の効果を決定するために、細胞を10 μM の被験化合物とともに24 時間37℃でインキュベートし、電流密度を27℃および37℃ コントロールと比較した(% 活性)。記録の前に、細胞を細胞外記録培地で3X洗浄してあらゆる残存する被験化合物を除去した。10 μMの修正化合物とのプレインキュベーションは、37℃ コントロールと比較して有意にcAMP-およびゲニステイン-依存電流を上昇させた。
ΔF508-CFTR 増強剤がΔF508-CFTRを安定に発現するNIH3T3 細胞における巨視的 ΔF508-CFTR Cl- 電流 (IΔF508)を上昇させる能力をまた、穿孔-パッチ-記録技術を用いて研究した。光学的アッセイから同定した増強剤は光学的アッセイにおいて観察されたものと同様の効力および有効性にてIΔF508の用量依存的上昇を惹起した。調べたすべての細胞において、増強剤適用の前およびその間の逆転電位は 約 -30 mVであり、これは計算 ECl (-28 mV)である。
ΔF508-CFTR を安定に発現するNIH3T3 マウス線維芽細胞をホールセル記録のために使用する。細胞は、175 cm2 培養フラスコ中 37℃、5% CO2 および90 % 湿度で2 mM グルタミン、10 % ウシ胎仔血清、1 X NEAA、β-ME、1 X ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン、および 25 mM HEPES を追加したダルベッコ変法イーグル培地に維持する。ホールセル記録のために、2,500 - 5,000 細胞をポリ-L-リジン-コーティングしたガラスカバーガラスに播種し、増強剤の活性を試験するために使用する前に24 - 48 時間27 ℃で培養し;修正化合物有または無で37 ℃でインキュベートして、修正剤の活性を測定した。
NIH3T3 細胞にて発現している野生型-CFTR および温度-修正 ΔF508-CFTRの開閉活性を、以前に記載されているようにして切除されたインサイドアウト膜パッチ記録を用いて (Dalemans, W., Barbry, P., Champigny, G., Jallat, S., Dott, K., Dreyer, D., Crystal, R.G., Pavirani, A., Lecocq, J-P., Lazdunski, M. (1991) Nature 354, 526 - 528)、Axopatch 200B パッチクランプ増幅器 (Axon Instruments Inc.)を用いて観察した。ピペットは、(mMにて): 150 NMDG、150 アスパラギン酸、5 CaCl2、2 MgCl2、および10 HEPES (トリス塩基によりpHは7.35に調整)を含有していた。バスは、(mMにて): 150 NMDG-Cl、2 MgCl2、5 EGTA、10 TES、および14 トリス塩基 (HClによりpH は7.35に調整)を含有していた。切除後、野生型-およびΔF508-CFTRの両方を1 mM Mg-ATP、75 nMのcAMP依存性プロテインキナーゼの触媒サブユニット (PKA; Promega Corp. Madison, WI)を添加することにより活性化し、および10 mM NaFを添加してタンパク質ホスファターゼを阻害し、これにより電流ランダウンを阻止した。ピペット電位を80 mVに維持した。チャンネル活性を、 ≦ 2の活性のチャンネルを含有する膜パッチから解析した。同時開口の最大数により、実験の過程の間に活性のチャンネルの数を決定した。単一チャンネル電流振幅を決定するために、120秒のΔF508-CFTR 活性から記録したデータを100 Hzにて「オフライン」フィルターをかけ、次いで全-ポイント振幅ヒストグラムを構築するために使用し、これはBio-Patch Analysis ソフトウエア (Bio-Logic Comp. France)を用いて多重ガウス関数(multigaussian function)と適合させた。総顕微鏡的電流および開確率 (Po)を 120 秒のチャンネル活性から決定した。Po は、Bio- Patch ソフトウエアを用いるか、または関係 Po = I/i(N)から決定し、ここで、I =平均電流、i = 単一チャンネル電流振幅、およびN = パッチにおける活性のチャンネルの数である。
ΔF508-CFTRを安定に発現するNIH3T3 マウス線維芽細胞を切除(excised)-膜 パッチクランプ記録のために使用する。細胞は175 cm2 培養フラスコ中、37℃ で5% CO2および90 % 湿度にて2 mM グルタミン、10 % ウシ胎仔血清、1 X NEAA、β-ME、1 X ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン、および25 mM HEPESを追加したダルベッコ変法イーグル培地に維持する。単一チャンネル記録のために、2,500 - 5,000 細胞をポリ-L-リジン-コーティングしたガラスカバーガラスに播種し、使用前に24 - 48 時間27 ℃で培養した。
EC50:「+++」は、<2 uMを意味し; 「++」は、2 uMから5 uMの間を意味し; 「+」は、5 uMから25 uMの間を意味する。
% 有効性: 「+」は、< 25%を意味し; 「++」は、25%および100%の間を意味し; 「+++」は、> 100%を意味する。
本発明をその詳細な説明と併せて記載してきたが、上記の記載はまったく例証するためのものであり、添付の請求項の範囲によって規定される、本発明の範囲を限定するものではないことが理解されるべきである。その他の側面、利点、および改変は、以下の請求項の範囲内である。
Claims (34)
- 式 Iの化合物:
またはその医薬上許容される塩:
[式中、それぞれの出現について独立して:
Yは、OHまたはNHであり;および、
Xは、CO2Jであり;
ここで、Jは、HまたはC1-C6 アルキルであり;
Rは、H、OH、OCH3 であるか、あるいは2つのRは一緒になって、-OCH2O-または-OCF2O-を形成し;
R1は、Hまたは2までの C1-C6 アルキルであり;
R2は、Hまたはハロであり; および、
R3は、HまたはC1-C6 アルキルである;]
あるいはYおよびXは、一緒になって、式 IIの化合物:
またはその医薬上許容される塩を形成し:
[式中、それぞれの出現について独立して:
Rは、H、OH、OCH3 であるか、あるいは2つのRは一緒になって、-OCH2O-または-OCF2O-を形成し;
R1は、Hまたは2までの C1-C6 アルキルであり;
R2は、Hまたはハロであり;
R3は、HまたはC1-C6 アルキルであり;
Yは、O またはNR4であり;および、
R4は、HまたはC1-C6 アルキルである]。 - 2つのRが一緒になって、-OCF2O-を形成し、R1がHであり、およびR2がFである、式 Iの請求項 1の化合物。
- 2つのRが一緒になって、-OCF2O-を形成し、R1がHであり、R2がFであり、およびR3がCH3である、式 Iの請求項 1の化合物。
- 2つのRが一緒になって、-OCF2O-を形成し、R1がHであり、R2がFであり、R3がCH3であり、およびXがCO2Hである、式 Iの請求項 1の化合物。
- 2つのRが一緒になって、-OCF2O-を形成し、R1がHであり、R2がFであり、R3 がCH3であり、XがCO2Hであり、およびYがOHである、式 Iの請求項 1の化合物。
- 2つのRが一緒になって、-OCF2O-を形成し、R1がHであり、およびR2がFである、式 IIの請求項 1の化合物。
- 2つのRが一緒になって、-OCF2O-を形成し、R1がHであり、R2がFであり、およびR3 がCH3である、式 IIの請求項 1の化合物。
- 式 IIa:
を有する請求項 1の化合物またはその医薬上許容される塩:
[式中、R2は、Hまたはハロである]。 - R2がFである、請求項 8の化合物。
- 化合物が、
- 化合物が、
- 化合物が、
- (i) 請求項1から12のいずれかの化合物; および、
(ii) 医薬上許容される担体、
を含む医薬組成物。 - さらに、粘液溶解薬、気管支拡張剤、抗生物質、抗感染薬、抗炎症剤、CFTR 修正剤、CFTR 増強剤、または栄養剤から選択されるさらなる剤を含む、請求項 13の組成物。
- 細胞を請求項1から12のいずれかの化合物と接触させる工程を含む、細胞の膜における機能的 ABC トランスポーターの数を上昇させる方法。
- ABC トランスポーターがCFTRである、請求項 15の方法。
- 対象に請求項1から14のいずれかの化合物または組成物を投与する工程を含む、対象における、ABC トランスポーター活性に関係づけられる、状態、疾患、または障害を治療する方法。
- 状態、疾患、または障害が、嚢胞性線維症、気腫、遺伝性ヘモクロマトーシス、凝固-線維素溶解欠損症、プロテインC欠乏症、1型遺伝性血管浮腫、脂質加工欠損症、家族性高コレステロール血症、1型カイロミクロン血症、無ベータリポ蛋白血症、リソソーム蓄積症、I細胞病/偽性ハーラー、ムコ多糖症、サンドホフ病/テイ・サックス、クリグラー・ナジャーII型、多腺性内分泌障害/高インスリン血症、真性糖尿病、ラロン小人症、ミエロペルオキシダーゼ欠損症、原発性副甲状腺機能低下症、メラノーマ、グリカン糖鎖異常 CDG 1型、先天性甲状腺機能亢進症、骨形成不全症、遺伝性低フィブリノーゲン血症、ACT 欠乏症、尿崩症 (di)、神経身体的 di、腎性 DI、シャルコー・マリー・トゥース症候群、ペリツェウス・メルツバッヘル病、神経変性疾患、アルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、進行性核上性麻痺、ピック病、ポリグルタミン神経障害、ハンチントン、脊髄小脳失調症 I型、球脊髄性筋萎縮症、歯状核赤核淡蒼球ルイ体、筋緊張性ジストロフィー、海綿状脳症、遺伝性クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病、ファブリー病、ストロイスラー・シャインカー症候群、COPD、眼球乾燥疾患、またはシェーグレン疾患から選択される、請求項 17の方法。
- 状態、疾患、または障害が、嚢胞性線維症、気腫、COPD、または眼球乾燥疾患から選択される、請求項 18の方法。
- (i) 請求項1から12のいずれかの化合物;および、
(ii) 以下についての指示書:
a)化合物を生物学的サンプルと接触させること;および、
b)ABC トランスポーターまたはその断片の活性を測定すること、
を含む、インビトロまたはインビボでの生物学的サンプルにおけるABC トランスポーターまたはその断片の活性の測定において使用するためのキット。 - 以下についての指示書:
a)さらなる化合物を生物学的サンプルと接触させること;
b)該さらなる化合物の存在下で該 ABC トランスポーターまたはその断片の活性を測定すること、および、
c)さらなる化合物の存在下でのABC トランスポーターの活性と、第一の化合物の存在下でのABC トランスポーターの密度とを、比較すること、
をさらに含む、請求項 20のキット。 - 式 Iaの化合物:
を調製する方法であって、式 I-1のエステルを式 Iaの化合物へと変換することを含む方法:
R2は、Hまたはハロであり;および、
R4は、C1-C6 アルキルまたはベンジルである。 - R2がHまたはFであり、およびR4 がメチル、エチル、イソプロピル、ブチル、またはベンジルである、請求項 22の方法。
- R2がHまたはFであり、およびR4がイソプロピルまたはベンジルである、請求項 23の方法。
- 変換することが、式 I-1の化合物を溶媒の存在下で塩基と接触させることを含む、請求項 22の方法。
- 塩基がアルカリまたはアルカリ金属水酸化物であり、一つの態様において、塩基がNaOHまたはLiOH であり、および溶媒がそのいずれも水と混合されていてもよい、メタノールまたはTHFである、請求項 25の方法。
- 可変部が上記の通りである式 Iaの化合物:
を調製する方法であって、以下を含む方法:
(a)式 I-4の化合物をカルボニルジイミダゾール (CDI)と上記の通りの溶媒の存在下で接触させることにより、式 I-4の化合物を得ること;
(d) 式 I-1の化合物を塩基と上記の通りの溶媒の存在下で接触させることにより、式 Iaの化合物を得ること。
- R2がHまたはFである、請求項 27の方法。
- 可変部が上記の通りである式 IIaの化合物:
を調製する方法であって、以下を含む方法:
(a)式 I-4の化合物をカルボニルジイミダゾール (CDI)と上記の通りの溶媒の存在下で接触させることにより、式 I-4の化合物を得ること;
(c)式 I-3の化合物を塩基と上記の通りの溶媒の存在下で接触させることにより、式 IIaの化合物を得ること。
- R2がHまたはFである、請求項 29の方法。
- 以下:
である、化合物。 - 以下:
である請求項 31の化合物。 - 以下:
である請求項 31の化合物。 - 以下:
である請求項 31の化合物。
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WO2011133751A2 (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2011-10-27 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated | Process of producing cycloalkylcarboxamido-indole compounds |
WO2011133951A1 (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2011-10-27 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated | Pharmaceutical compositions and administrations thereof |
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IN2014KN00885A (ja) | 2015-10-02 |
WO2013070961A1 (en) | 2013-05-16 |
ZA201403262B (en) | 2017-09-27 |
RU2014123381A (ru) | 2015-12-20 |
AU2012335714B2 (en) | 2017-04-13 |
SI2776427T1 (sl) | 2017-05-31 |
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AU2012335714A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
IL232308A (en) | 2016-11-30 |
LT2776427T (lt) | 2017-04-10 |
CA2852991C (en) | 2019-12-31 |
CN104039775B (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
CN104039775A (zh) | 2014-09-10 |
EP2776427B1 (en) | 2017-02-01 |
RU2640420C2 (ru) | 2018-01-09 |
HRP20170458T1 (hr) | 2017-05-19 |
KR20140090231A (ko) | 2014-07-16 |
US20130116238A1 (en) | 2013-05-09 |
CA2852991A1 (en) | 2013-05-16 |
ES2622154T3 (es) | 2017-07-05 |
HK1201827A1 (en) | 2015-09-11 |
NZ624440A (en) | 2016-09-30 |
EP2776427A1 (en) | 2014-09-17 |
KR101985044B1 (ko) | 2019-05-31 |
MX2014005462A (es) | 2015-03-23 |
US9254291B2 (en) | 2016-02-09 |
JP6072056B2 (ja) | 2017-02-01 |
ME02650B (me) | 2017-06-20 |
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