JP2014528350A - 排ガスの処理のためのゾーン触媒フィルター - Google Patents
排ガスの処理のためのゾーン触媒フィルター Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014528350A JP2014528350A JP2014522159A JP2014522159A JP2014528350A JP 2014528350 A JP2014528350 A JP 2014528350A JP 2014522159 A JP2014522159 A JP 2014522159A JP 2014522159 A JP2014522159 A JP 2014522159A JP 2014528350 A JP2014528350 A JP 2014528350A
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 189
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 105
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 92
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 9
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013316 zoning Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 CHA Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;1,3,5,2,4,6$l^{2}-trioxadisilaluminane 2,4-dioxide;dihydroxide;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2].O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1.O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1 UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052676 chabazite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000502 Li-aluminosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium carbamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NC([O-])=O BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229960001730 nitrous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013842 nitrous oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
- B01D53/9472—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different zones
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/005—Mixtures of molecular sieves comprising at least one molecular sieve which is not an aluminosilicate zeolite, e.g. from groups B01J29/03 - B01J29/049 or B01J29/82 - B01J29/89
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、炭化水素の燃焼時に発生する排ガスを処理するのに有用な物品および方法に関する。本発明は、より詳細には、ディーゼルエンジンにより発生するものなどの、排ガス流中のNOxおよびスートを減らすための触媒フィルターに関する。
米国の路上車両により生じる排ガスは、現在、国のスモッグ生成大気汚染の約三分の一を占める。スモッグを削減する取り組みとしては、ガソリンエンジンに比べてより燃費の良いエンジン、例えばディーゼルエンジン、および改善された排ガス処理システムの使用が挙げられる。
4NO+4NH3+3O2→4N2+6H2O
2NO2+4NH3+3O2→3N2+6H2O
NO+NO2+2NH3→2N2+3H2O
本明細書に記載される触媒モレキュラーシーブは、還元体、好ましくはアンモニアと、窒素酸化物との反応を促進して、酸素とアンモニアの競合反応に関して、元素の窒素(N2)および水(H2O)を選択的に形成することができる。一実施形態では、触媒は、アンモニア(すなわちSCR触媒)を用いた窒素酸化物の還元を促進するように調合することができる。別の実施形態では、触媒は、酸素を用いたアンモニアの酸化を促進するように調合することができる(すなわち、アンモニア酸化(AMOX)触媒)。さらに別の実施形態では、SCR触媒およびAMOX触媒は、直列に使用され、両方の触媒は、本明細書に記載されるモレキュラーシーブを含有する金属を含み、SCR触媒は、AMOX触媒の上流にある。ある実施形態では、AMOX触媒は、酸化下層上の最上層として配置されており、下層は、白金族金属(PGM)触媒または非PGM触媒を含む。
断面4.02インチ×7.81インチ(10.2cm×19.8cm)および軸長6.85インチ(17.4cm)で、セル密度平方インチ当たり300セル、チャンネル壁厚さ0.305mm、気孔率52%および平均細孔径23μmを有する、2つの市販の炭化ケイ素ウォールフローフィルター(NGK Insulators Ltd)を、ゾーン被覆SCR被覆フィルターと均一被覆SCR被覆フィルターの特性を調査するために使用した。両方のウォールフローフィルターを、銅ゼオライト(2.5重量%銅)の分散液ならびにアルミナおよびジルコニアのバインダー材料(総ウォッシュコート固形物の18%)を含むウォッシュコートを用い、0.9g/in3の総装填量で被覆した。
微粒子物質を含有するディーゼル排ガスを使用する実施例1の各々のフィルターについて、スート装填に対する背圧増加の速度を、欧州特許第1850068Al号明細書に開示されCambustion Ltdにより製造されるディーゼル微粒子発生器(DPG)および試験セルを使用して試験した。すなわち、液体炭素含有燃料を燃焼することから生じる微粒子物質を発生させ回収する装置であり、装置は、ノズルを含む燃料バーナーを含み、ノズルは容器に収納されており、容器は、ガス入口およびガス出口を含み、前記ガス出口は、ガス出口から大気へガスを輸送するための導管と連結しており、装置はまた、ガス入口を通して流れるガスの速度を検出する手段、ならびに容器、ガス出口および大気への導管を経由してガス入口から酸化性ガスを強制的に流す手段、導管を通して流れるガスからの微粒子物質を回収するためのステーション、ならびにガス入口で検出されるガス流速に応答してガス流強制手段を制御するための手段を含み、それによって、ガス入口でのガスの流速が、容器内での準化学量論的燃料燃焼を提供するために望ましい速度に維持されて微粒子物質の形成を促進する。
Claims (20)
- a.入口面端と出口面、および該入口面から該出口面へのガス流の軸を有するウォールフローモノリス、
b.第一のシーブ濃度のモレキュラーシーブ材料と第一の金属濃度の交換金属を含み、第一のゾーンに配置されている第一のSCR触媒組成物、および
c.前記第一のシーブ濃度より少なくとも20%低い濃度の前記モレキュラーシーブ材料と前記第一の金属濃度の前記交換金属を含み、第二のゾーン配置されている第二のSCR触媒組成物
を含み、前記第一のゾーンと第二のゾーンが、前記ウォールフローモノリスの一部分内に前記軸に沿って直列に配置されており、前記第一のゾーンが前記入口面の近位に配置され、前記第二のゾーンが、前記出口面の近位に配置されている、触媒物品。 - 前記モレキュラーシーブが、BEA、MFI、CHA、ERIおよびLEVからなる群から選択されるフレームワークを有するゼオライトである、請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第一のシーブ濃度が、約0.5〜約2.5g/in3である、請求項1または2に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記交換金属が、銅および鉄から選択される、請求項1、2または3に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第一の金属濃度が、約10〜約500g/ft3である、請求項1、2、3または4に記載の触媒。
- 前記ウォールフロー基材が、少なくとも約10ミクロンの細孔径と少なくとも約50%の気孔率を有する、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
- 前記ウォールフローフィルターが、ディーゼルエンジン排ガス中のスート粒子に対して少なくとも約70%の効率を有する、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第一のゾーンと前記第二のゾーンが、約25%未満だけ重なり合っている、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第一のゾーンと前記第二のゾーンが隣接している、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第一のゾーンが、前記入口面と前記出口面の間の距離の約10〜約90%に配置されている、請求項9に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第一のゾーンが、前記入口面と前記出口面の間の距離の約40〜約60%に配置されている、請求項9または10に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第一のゾーンと第二のゾーンの間に前記軸に沿って直列に配置されている一つまたは複数の中間ゾーンをさらに含み、前記中間ゾーンはそれぞれ、異なる濃度の前記モレキュラーシーブおよび前記第一の濃度の前記交換金属を有するSCR触媒組成物を含み、前記中間ゾーンが、低濃度末端と比較して高濃度末端が入口面に近い、高濃度末端および低濃度末端を有するモレキュラーシーブ濃度勾配を形成するように配置されている、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- a.入口面端と出口面、および該入口面から該出口面へのガス流の軸を有するウォールフローモノリス、
b.第一のシーブ濃度のモレキュラーシーブ材料と第一の金属濃度の交換金属を含み、第一のゾーンに配置されている第一のSCR触媒組成物、および
c.前記第一のシーブ濃度より少なくとも20%低い濃度の前記モレキュラーシーブ材料と前記第一の金属濃度より少なくとも20%低い濃度の前記交換金属を含み、第二のゾーンに配置されている第二のSCR触媒組成物
を含み、前記第一のゾーンと第二のゾーンが、前記ウォールフローモノリスの一部分内に前記軸に沿って直列に配置されており、前記第一のゾーンが前記入口面の近位に配置され、前記第二のゾーンが前記出口面の近位に配置されている、触媒物品。 - a.入口面端と出口面、および該入口面から該出口面へのガス流の軸を有するウォールフローモノリス、
b.第一のシーブ濃度のモレキュラーシーブ材料と第一の金属濃度の交換金属を含み、第一のゾーンに配置されている第一のSCR触媒組成物、および
c.前記第一のシーブ濃度の前記モレキュラーシーブ材料と前記第一の金属濃度より少なくとも20%低い濃度の前記交換金属を含み、第二のゾーンに配置されている第二のSCR触媒組成物
を含み、前記第一のゾーンと第二のゾーンが、前記ウォールフローモノリスの一部分内に前記軸に沿って直列に配置されており、前記第一のゾーンが、前記入口面の近位に配置され、前記第二のゾーンが前記出口面の近位に配置されている、触媒物品。 - a.入口面端と出口面、および該入口面から該出口面へのガス流の軸を有するウォールフローモノリス、
b.モレキュラーシーブ材料と交換金属を含み、第一のゾーンに配置されている第一のSCR触媒組成物、および
c.第二のモレキュラーシーブ材料と第二の交換金属を含み、第二のゾーンに配置されている第二のSCR触媒組成物
を含み、前記第二のモレキュラーシーブに比べて、前記第一のモレキュラーシーブは、熱的により安定であり、前記第一のゾーンおよび第二のゾーンは、前記ウォールフローモノリスの一部分内に前記軸に沿って直列に配置されており、前記第一のゾーンは前記入口面の近位に配置され、前記第二のゾーンは前記出口面の近位に配置されている、触媒物品。 - 前記第一のモレキュラーシーブがSSZ−13であり、前記第一の交換金属が銅であり、前記第二のモレキュラーシーブがSAPO−34であり、前記第二の交換金属が銅である、請求項15に記載の触媒物品。
- a.NOxおよびスートを含み、約250〜550℃の温度を有し、約20,000〜約120,000/時間の空間速度を有する排ガスの供給流を発生する条件下でディーゼルエンジンを運転すること、
b.前記供給流に還元体を注入して、中間流を形成すること、ならびに
c.前記中間流を、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品に通過させて、前記供給流に比べて低いスートおよびNOx濃度を有する精製排ガス流を生成すること
を含み、前記精製排ガス流は、アンモニアを有しないか、または、請求項1に記載の触媒物品に類似しているがガス流全体の方向に対して均一に分布するSCR触媒を有する触媒物品を、中間流が通過する場合に存在することになるアンモニア量より低い濃度のアンモニアを有する、アンモニアスリップを減らすための方法。 - a.NOxおよびスートを含み、約250〜550℃の温度を有し、約20,000〜約120,000/時間の空間速度を有する排ガスの気流を発生する条件下でディーゼルエンジンを運転すること、
b.前記気流中に還元体を注入して、中間流を形成すること、ならびに
c.前記中間流を、請求項1に記載の触媒物品に通過させて、前記供給流に比べて低いスートおよびNOx濃度を有する精製排ガス流を生成すること
を含み、前記通過ステップは、請求項1から16のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品に類似しているがガス流全体の方向に対して均一に分布するSCR触媒を有する触媒物品を、中間流が通過する場合に生じることになるガス流抵抗の量より少ないガス流に対する抵抗を生じる、排気処理システムの背圧を減らすための方法。 - ガス中のNOx化合物の濃度を減らすのに十分な時間および温度で、ガスを、請求項1から16のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品と接触させることを含む、排ガス中のNOxを減らすための方法。
- a.請求項1から16のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品、および
b.前記触媒物品の上流にあるアンモニアまたは尿素の発生源
を含むエンジン排ガス処理システム。
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JP2020514036A (ja) * | 2017-03-23 | 2020-05-21 | ユミコア・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト・ウント・コムパニー・コマンディットゲゼルシャフトUmicore AG & Co.KG | 触媒活性粒子フィルタ |
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JP6127046B2 (ja) | 2017-05-10 |
EP2736628B1 (en) | 2018-04-11 |
WO2013014467A1 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
KR20140064796A (ko) | 2014-05-28 |
US20120186229A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
RU2609476C2 (ru) | 2017-02-02 |
RU2014107749A (ru) | 2015-09-10 |
BR112014002129A2 (pt) | 2017-02-21 |
KR101992504B1 (ko) | 2019-09-30 |
US20140227155A1 (en) | 2014-08-14 |
BR112014002129B1 (pt) | 2020-12-29 |
EP2736628A1 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
US9242212B2 (en) | 2016-01-26 |
CN103781532A (zh) | 2014-05-07 |
CN103781532B (zh) | 2016-08-31 |
US8789356B2 (en) | 2014-07-29 |
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