JP2014516000A - セラミック粒子混合物および該混合物からセラミック部品を製造する方法 - Google Patents
セラミック粒子混合物および該混合物からセラミック部品を製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014516000A JP2014516000A JP2014513194A JP2014513194A JP2014516000A JP 2014516000 A JP2014516000 A JP 2014516000A JP 2014513194 A JP2014513194 A JP 2014513194A JP 2014513194 A JP2014513194 A JP 2014513194A JP 2014516000 A JP2014516000 A JP 2014516000A
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- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
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- B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
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- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
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- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/362—Laser etching
- B23K26/364—Laser etching for making a groove or trench, e.g. for scribing a break initiation groove
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Abstract
Description
−効果的に処理するために、材料は、レーザービームの波長の吸収剤でなければならず、機械加工される材料に合うレーザー光源が必要である。
−機械加工の時間は、除去される材料が小さいか、または限定された容積(例えば、数十mm3)であっても、非常に長くなることがある(数十時間)。
−その部分において、ビームによって生じる加熱は、材料の特性が局所的に悪くなった「熱によって影響を受けた領域」を作りだす(ガラス相の生成、割れ、望ましくない新しい相の生成)。この態様は、特にセラミック材料の場合に重要であり、非常に脆くなると思われ、例えば、割れが生成すると、セラミック材料の機械安定性という観点で特に悪い。
A=1−R
によって与えられ、式中、Rは、照射された材料の表面の反射率である。
−このセラミック混合物を未焼結のまま成型し、乾燥した未焼結セラミックブランクを得ることと、
−所定の波長で所定のエネルギーを放出するパルス状態のレーザー光にあてることによって、セラミック材料を除去することによって、未焼結セラミックブランクを未焼結なまま機械加工することと、
−このレーザー光にあてている間に、吸収剤である分散した無機固体材料の粒子によって、レーザー光エネルギーが直接、選択的に吸収され、気体を放出して急に崩壊し、未焼結セラミックブランクからセラミック材料の位置を局所的に変え、この位置を変えられたセラミック材料を取り出し、未焼結状態で機械加工されたセラミック部品を得ることをさらに含む。
Nd:YVO4レーザーによる微細アルミナの未焼結での機械加工
所定量のアルミナ(Pechiney製のP172SB)を計量し(100g)、脱イオン水(100g)中、中性pHの懸濁物に入れる。有機バインダーとして役立たせるために、1質量%のポリエチレングリコールPEGを上の懸濁物に加え(すなわち、1g)。23.5gのコロイド状グラファイトの水系懸濁物(Aquadag 18%−Acheson Industries Ltd)を、上のアルミナ粒子の懸濁物に加え、すべてを30分間混合し、次いで、凍結乾燥またはロータリーエバポレーターによって乾燥させる。したがって、混合物の合計重量に対し、4.2重量%のグラファイトを含む乾燥混合物が得られる。グラファイト粒子は、粒径d90が<5μmであり、アルミナ粒子は、粒径d50=0.4μmである。
Nd:YVO4レーザーによる微細ジルコンの未焼結での機械加工
上の実施例で使用するアルミナP172とは異なり、ジルコンのプレス加工した錠剤(Tosoh Y−TZP)に対する未焼結での機械加工の試験から、ADSMを用いずに機械加工することは不可能であることがわかった。
未焼結での機械加工を可能にした処方は、同様の量のアルミナ:100gのジルコン(d50=200nm)を、1gのPEG2000をあらかじめ溶解しておいた100gの脱イオン水に分散させる。次いで、上の懸濁物に14gのAquadag(d90<5μm)を加え、次いで、研磨媒体存在下、混合物全体を30分間かけて均質化する。次いで、凍結乾燥またはロータリーエバポレーターによって懸濁物を乾燥させ、乾燥混合物に対し、2.4重量%の炭素を得る。得られた粉末を40MPaの一軸方向の圧力で、直径25mmの錠剤の形態にプレス加工し、次いで、錠剤を175MPaで、平衡状態で後圧縮する。
3Dレーザーによる微細アルミナの未焼結での機械加工
実施例1に示した手順にしたがって、10体積%(または約4重量%)の炭素(Aquadag)を含むPechiney製の微細アルミナP172SBの混合粉末を調製した。負荷40MPaで、一軸方向に加圧することによって、直径が25mmの錠剤をプレス加工した。次いで、これらの錠剤を、検電ヘッドおよび5つのモーターによって駆動するスピンドル(3つの直角スピンドルと2つの回転可能なスピンドル)を備えたナノ秒型のパルス化したNd:YAGレーザーによって処理した。放射方向のマイクロタービンのCADプランを編集し、実施例1に詳細に記載したパラメーターを用い、微細な機械加工によって物体を再現した。それぞれのタービンブレードは、錠剤を連続して回転させることによって、順に作られた。この実施例では、マイクロタービンの機械加工時間は、20分程度である。グラファイトの除去および物体の焼結を実施例1の手順にしたがって行った。
ジルコンの3D未焼結レーザー機械加工
実施例2の手順に基づいて得られたプレス加工した錠剤を、1層ずつ機械加工し、それぞれの層は、特定の機械加工計画に対応している。図5に示すピラミッドの機械加工に20分かかる。ZおよびEという文字の下にあるオベリスク型の上部は、焦点距離でのビームの大きさよりそれほど大きくはない50μm程度の断面を有している。
Claims (27)
- 成分として、セラミック材料の焼結可能な粒子及び少なくとも1つの添加剤の粒子を主な重量部として含み、且つ前記少なくとも1つの添加剤のうちの少なくとも1つが無機固体材料であるセラミック粒子混合物であって、
前記無機固体材料が、所定の波長での所定のエネルギー流を放出するレーザー光のための吸収剤であり、この所定の波長で、前記セラミック混合物の他の成分よりも大きい特異的な吸収を有し、
前記セラミック混合物が、吸収剤である無機固体材料の粒子を、乾燥混合物の0重量%より多く、5%未満の比率で、分散した状態で含み、吸収剤である無機固体材料の粒子は、前記レーザー光の存在下、気体を放出して急に崩壊可能であることを特徴とする、セラミック粒子混合物。 - 吸収剤である分散した無機固体材料のレーザー光の吸収差が、他の成分に対し、0.2より大きく、有利には0.4以上であり、好ましくは、0.5以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のセラミック混合物。
- 吸収剤である分散した無機固体材料が非結合性材料であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のセラミック混合物。
- 吸収剤である分散した無機固体材料が、熱および/または光によるストレスが存在しない状態では安定であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のセラミック混合物。
- 吸収剤である分散した無機固体材料が、400℃を超える制御された熱条件では完全に分解可能であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のセラミック混合物。
- 他の添加剤として、乾燥混合物の0重量%より多く、5%未満の比率で、セラミック材料粒子のためのバインダーを少なくとも1つ含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のセラミック混合物。
- 吸収剤である分散した無機固体材料が、少なくとも部分的に炭素であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のセラミック混合物。
- 使用する前記炭素が、有利には、グラファイト、無煙炭、カーボンブラック、活性炭、カーボンナノチューブ、グラフェン箔、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載のセラミック混合物。
- 前記セラミック材料の焼結可能な粒子が、少なくとも部分的に、酸化物型のセラミック材料であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のセラミック混合物。
- 前記セラミック材料が、アルミナ、ジルコン、シリカ、マグネシア、酸化亜鉛、酸化チタン、混合酸化物、バリウムチタネート、シリケート、ヒドロキシアパタイト、リン酸三カルシウム、およびこれらの混合物から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載のセラミック混合物。
- 粉末の形態であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載のセラミック混合物。
- 液体懸濁媒体中、前記粒子の懸濁物の形態であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載のセラミック混合物。
- 吸収剤である分散した無機固体材料の粒子の粒径d90が、5μm未満であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載のセラミック混合物。
- 前記セラミック材料の粒子は、ミクロンまたはミクロン未満の粒径を有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載のセラミック混合物。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載のセラミック混合物に基づいて、未焼結状態で成型したセラミックブランク。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載のセラミック混合物に基づいて、未焼結状態で機械加工されたセラミック部品。
- 請求項16に記載のセラミック部品の焼結状態である、機械加工されたセラミック部品。
- セラミック部品を製造する方法であって、
成分として、セラミック材料の焼結可能な粒子及び少なくとも1つの添加剤の粒子とを主な重量部として含み、且つ少なくとも1つの添加剤のうちの少なくとも1つが無機固体材料であり、前記無機固体材料が、所定の波長での所定のエネルギー流を放出するレーザー光のための吸収剤であり、この所定の波長で、前記セラミック混合物の他の成分よりも大きな特異的な吸収を有し、前記セラミック混合物が、吸収剤である無機固体材料の粒子を、乾燥混合物の0重量%より多く、5%未満の比率で、分散した状態で含むセラミック粒子混合物を調製することを含み、
前記方法は更に、
前記セラミック混合物を未焼結で成型し、乾燥した未焼結セラミックブランクを得ることと、
前記所定の波長で所定のエネルギーを放出するパルス状態のレーザー光を照射して、セラミック材料を除去することによって、前記未焼結セラミックブランクを未焼結状態で機械加工することと、
前記レーザー光を照射している間に、吸収剤である分散した無機固体材料の粒子によって、レーザー光エネルギーが直接且つ選択的に吸収され、気体を放出して急に崩壊し、未焼結セラミックブランクのセラミック材料の位置を局所的に変え、この位置を変えられたセラミック材料を取り出し、機械加工された未焼結状態のセラミック部品を得ることを含む、方法。 - 前記成分の粒子を乾燥手段によって混合し、粉末を形成することを特徴とする、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記成分の粒子を液体懸濁媒体中で懸濁状態に置くことを含むことを特徴とする、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記未焼結での成型は、使用するセラミック混合物の押出成型、キャスト成型またはプレス加工により行われることを特徴とする、請求項18〜20のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記パルス状態のレーザー光の波長が200nm〜3μmであることを特徴とする、請求項18〜21のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記パルス状態のレーザー光の波長が900nm〜1100nmであることを特徴とする、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記パルス状態のレーザー光のパルス持続時間が150ns未満であることを特徴とする、請求項18〜23のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 未焼結での機械加工後、未焼結で機械加工されたセラミック部品のセラミック材料の粒子を焼結することを更に含むことを特徴とする、請求項18〜24のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 焼結する前に、前記吸収剤である固体材料の分解温度での熱ストレスによって、未焼結機械加工されたセラミック部品から、吸収剤である分散した固体材料を除去することを含むことを特徴とする、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記未焼結での機械加工は、大気中、大気圧で行われることを特徴とする、請求項18〜26のいずれかに記載の方法。
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2017141146A (ja) * | 2016-02-05 | 2017-08-17 | 一般財団法人ファインセラミックスセンター | 焼結方法及び焼結物の製造方法 |
US11027454B2 (en) | 2016-02-05 | 2021-06-08 | Japan Fine Ceramics Center | Method for producing ceramic sintered body, and method and device for producing ceramic molded body |
US11724415B2 (en) | 2016-02-05 | 2023-08-15 | Japan Fine Ceramics Center | Method for producing ceramic sintered body, and method and device for producing ceramic molded body |
CN110590382A (zh) * | 2019-10-16 | 2019-12-20 | 林宗立 | 双镭射烧结陶瓷材料的方法及其烧结设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2012264687B2 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
EP2714621B8 (fr) | 2019-03-06 |
KR20140046422A (ko) | 2014-04-18 |
CA2837659A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
CH706791B1 (fr) | 2016-10-31 |
MX2013014073A (es) | 2014-03-21 |
EP2714621A1 (fr) | 2014-04-09 |
WO2012164025A1 (fr) | 2012-12-06 |
EP2714621B1 (fr) | 2018-11-14 |
US9115034B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 |
NZ618857A (en) | 2016-03-31 |
BR112013030870A2 (pt) | 2017-02-21 |
CN103619778B (zh) | 2016-06-15 |
ZA201309615B (en) | 2015-04-29 |
EA201391654A1 (ru) | 2014-03-31 |
JP6149332B2 (ja) | 2017-06-21 |
IL229731A0 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
CN103619778A (zh) | 2014-03-05 |
US20140179511A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
KR101935446B1 (ko) | 2019-01-04 |
EA024987B8 (ru) | 2017-03-31 |
AU2012264687A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
EA024987B1 (ru) | 2016-11-30 |
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