JP2014193902A - 高病原性ブタ繁殖・呼吸障害症候群(hpprrs)のワクチン - Google Patents
高病原性ブタ繁殖・呼吸障害症候群(hpprrs)のワクチン Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】高熱病型PRRSが、HB−1、またはJX143の核酸配列に対して少なくとも95%相同性の核酸配列を有する中国のPRRSウイルスに由来する、有効量のPRRSII型ウイルスを含む免疫原性組成物を、それを必要とするブタに投与する。
【選択図】なし
Description
本出願は、紙形式およびコンピューター読み取り可能形式の配列表を含み、その教示および内容を引用により本明細書の一部とする。
技術分野
本発明は一般に感染症に対するワクチンに関するものである。より詳細には、それは、ブタを冒すウイルス性疾患である高病原性ブタ繁殖・呼吸障害症候群(HP PRRS)のワクチンに関するものである。
ブタ繁殖・呼吸障害症候群(PRRS)は深刻なブタの疾患として認識されており、妊娠ブタの生殖障害または特に哺乳ブタの気道急迫のいずれかを特徴とする。このウイルス性疾患は1987年に米国で初めて発見され、その後欧州で見つかり、1990年代初期にアジアで確認された。これまでPRRSは、その養豚国に固有の特徴を伴って世界中に蔓延しており、毎年膨大な経済的損失をもたらしている。PRRSの病原体はブタ繁殖・呼吸障害症候群ウイルス(PRRSV)であり、これは、マウスの乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼ上昇ウイルス(LDEV)、ウマ動脈炎ウイルス(EAV)、およびサル出血熱ウイルス(SHFV)と共にニドウイルス目アルテリウイルス科に属する。
本発明者等は、PRRSII型ウイルスの弱毒化株をワクチン接種に使用して、ブタ繁殖・呼吸障害症候群に付随する高熱病型の影響からブタを守ることができるという驚くべき発見をした。PRRSII型ウイルスの弱毒化株の予防特性の確認は、例えばHP PRRSのリスクが高いブタの処置を可能にする。このようなワクチン接種または処置プログラムは、2006年に中国の養豚産業に打撃を与え、およそ2000万頭のブタを処分する結果となったPRRS流行に類似の、他のHP PRRS流行の可能性または影響を低減させる助けとなり得る。
定義
本明細書で使用する用語は、特定の実施態様のみを説明する目的のためのものであって、限定を意図するものではない。明細書および添付の請求項で使用する単数形「a」、「and」および「the」は、文脈がそれに反する旨を明確に述べていない限り、複数の対象を包含する。
以下の実施例は本発明に従う好ましい材料および方法を開示するものである。本発明の実施または試験に際し、本明細書に記載のものと類似または等価な任意の材料および方法が使用できるが、好ましい方法、機器、および材料をここに記載する。但し、これらの実施例は例示のためにのみ供するものであり、その中のいかなるものも、本発明の全範囲に対する限定と解してはならないことを理解されたい。
下記に特定した実施例は、PRRSV単離物JX143の強毒性を例示するものである。Ingelvac(登録商標)PRRS MLVワクチンを接種したブタは、強毒性PRRSV株チャレンジ後、非ワクチン接種ブタと比較して、100%生存し、有意に高い抗体反応、低発生率の臨床的PRRSおよびウイルス血症、より重症度の低い肺病変、より少ない、軽度の、そして短期間の臨床徴候、ならびにより短期間の直腸温上昇を示す。
1.1 ワクチンおよびウイルス
Ingelvac(登録商標)PRRS MLVワクチン(製造番号JA−A64A−149)はBoehringer Ingelheim Vetmedicaから購入したものである。強毒性PRRSV単離物JX143はShanghai Veterinary Research Instituteにより単離された。PRRSV JX143組織培養物(105.2TCID50/ml)を、ブタへの接種のためにDMEMで5倍に希釈した。
逆転写ポリメラーゼおよびDNAラダーはTiangen biotechnology社より購入した。2xPCRミックスはDongsheng社から購入した。Trizol(登録商標)およびプライマーはInvitrogen社由来のものであった。
29日齢のブタ50頭を試験のためHenan Muyuan養豚農場から購入した。これらを、到着時に採取した血清試料で各々3回ずつ試験を実施することにより、RT−PCR(PRRSVおよびPCV2について)およびELISA(抗PRRSVキット、IDEXX Laboratory, Inc.)によって、PRRSVおよびPCV2について陰性であることを確認した。ブタを体重測定し、無作為に、各々22、14および14頭のブタを含む第1群、第2群または第3群に分けた。その後各群に従ってブタを別個の部屋に収容した。
0日目に、第1群(V/C)の22頭のブタに、Ingelvac(登録商標) PRRS MLVワクチン2mL単回用量を筋肉内接種した。第2群(非V/C)の14頭のブタには0日目にPBS 2mLを注射した。第1群および第2群のブタへのウイルス投与は、28日目に希釈PRRSV JX143 3mLの経鼻投与により実施した。第3群(非V/非C)のブタは厳密なネガティブコントロールとしてワクチン接種もチャレンジも行わず、28日目にDMEM 3mLを注射した。14日目および42日目にそれぞれ1群につき2頭のブタを観察のため剖検した。残りのブタは49日目に剖検した。
0日目から49日目(チャレンジの21日後)まで、直腸温を毎日同時刻に記録した。
0、7、14、21、28、32、42および49日目に全てのブタから血清を採取し、IDEXX PRRSV ELISAキットを用いて抗PRRSV抗体について検査した。
0日目から49日目まで毎日ブタを監視し、行動変化ならびに呼吸および咳嗽などの臨床的呼吸徴候の重篤度を採点した。臨床徴候の採点法を表2に示す。
全てのブタの体重を、0日目(ワクチン接種前)、28日目(チャレンジ前)、49日目(チャレンジの21日後)に記録した。
49日目(PRRSVチャレンジの21日後)に剖検を実施した。各々のブタについて、肉眼で確認できる肺炎(浮腫、うっ血、出血、肉様の堅固な線維状構造)に罹患している領域のパーセンテージ(0〜100%)について盲検により肺を評価した。
第1群(V/C)のブタから0、7、14、21、28、32、35、42日目に、そして第2群(非V/C)のブタから28、32、35および42日目に血清を採取した。QIAampウイルスRNAミニキット(QIAGEN)を用いて個々の血清試料140μlからRNA抽出を実施した。次いで、PRRSV RNA(Genbank)の保存領域に特異的なプライム−プローブ(Invitrogen)の組み合わせ(表1)を用いてRT−PCRを実施した。
PRRSV特異抗原検出のための免疫組織化学を、PRRSV抗N−タンパク質モノクローナル抗体(SR30またはSDOW17)および二次抗体を使用して、剖検後48時間以内に作製したホルマリン固定パラフィン包埋肺組織切片で実施した。
2.1 チャレンジ後の直腸温の変化
強毒性PRRSV JX143を接種した後、ワクチン接種群および非ワクチン接種群両方のブタの直腸温は速やかに上昇した。ピーク温度は41℃であり、75%のブタは投与ウイルスの接種後直ちに発熱した。直腸温は、ワクチン接種したブタでは10日間以内にチャレンジ前のレベルに下降したが、非V/C群のブタは発熱期間がより長く、直腸温上昇が有意に長く見られた(図2)。
ELISA S/P反応群平均を利用してPRRSVに対する各群の血清学的反応を測定した(図3)。ネガティブコントロールのブタは、この研究全体を通してPRRSV抗体について陰性であり続けた。V/C群において、この抗体はワクチン接種の10〜14日後に初めて検出され、S/P比≧0.4が接種後(p.i.)14日目に出現し、20頭のブタのうち8頭が陽性であり、そして、p.i.21日目にはV/C群内の20頭のブタのうち13頭が陽性であった。V/C群における最高のS/P比がチャレンジ後に観察され、この研究の終了時まで高値のままであった(ELISA S/P 2)。非V/Cブタはチャレンジ後速やかにセロコンバージョンした;p.i.7日目において12頭のブタのうち9頭が陽性であり、S/P比≧0.4であった。
V/C群および非V/C群から得られた呼吸障害評点を記録した(図4)。チャレンジ後、V/C群の20頭のブタのうち5頭が呼吸徴候および咳嗽を示し、2頭が「激しい」腹式呼吸を示した。非V/C群の12頭のブタのうち8頭がp.i.21日目より前に死亡し、非V/C群の残りのブタは、「激しい」腹式呼吸と共に重度の呼吸徴候および咳嗽を示した。非V/Cブタの評点は連続して10日間6を超え、最高点は7に達した。V/Cブタは著明な臨床徴候を呈さず、それらは連続7日間4〜5の範囲で高い平均点を示した。厳密なネガティブコントロールとしての非V/非Cブタは臨床徴候を示さず、それらの平均評点は3(正常)であった。
1日あたりの平均体重増加(ADG)を図5にまとめる。0〜28日目まで、ADGはワクチン接種ブタ(0.3301±0.0414Kg)および非ワクチン接種ブタ(0.3008±0.0653Kg)間で有意な相違は見られなかった。28日目(チャレンジ日の前)から49日目まで、ワクチン接種ブタは非V/非Cコントロールブタと同様のADGであった(0.3373±0.0800Kg対0.3484±0.0890Kg)が、非V/Cブタは明らかに遙かに低いADG(0.0392±0.2398)を示した。
チャレンジの後、MLVワクチン接種したブタは、チャレンジ後間もなく平均臨床徴候評点5の臨床徴候を示し、3頭以上のブタが高い直腸温(41℃)および肺病変を示した。方法の項で述べた基準によって判断すると、MLVワクチン接種ブタの25%(5/20)がPRRSを発症し、75%(15/20)が防御された。対照的に、全ての非ワクチン接種ブタはチャレンジ後にPRRSを発症し、8頭が死亡しその後剖検がなされた。
剖検において、非V/C群中の4頭の生存ブタは、肺不全/虚脱、斑状黄褐色、うっ血、鼠径部、顎部、腸間膜リンパの浮腫およびうっ血を含む肉眼的病変を呈し、ならびに幾つかにおいては肝壊死を示した。V/C群の数頭のブタは、同様の、但しより重篤度の低い病変を有していた。非V/非Cコントロールブタは肉眼的病変を有していなかった。
MLVワクチン接種ブタの肉眼的肺病変評点は非V/Cブタよりも著明に低く、これは、MLVが高病原性PRRSV接種に対して良好な防御を提供したことを示唆するものである(表4。巨視的肺病変発症の範囲は0〜100%である)。
PRRSV RT−PCR陽性血清のパーセンテージを図6にまとめる。ウイルス血症はワクチン接種の7日後にMLVワクチン接種ブタの60%に検出され、チャレンジ前に20%まで減少した。チャレンジ後、ワクチン接種ブタの70%がウイルス血症を発症し、これがp.i.7日目に60%まで減少し、p.i.21日目には20%がウイルス血症であった。対照的に、非V/Cブタの100%がチャレンジ後にウイルス血症を発症し、ウイルス血はチャレンジ後に高レベルを保ち続け、非V/Cブタの70%がチャレンジ後21日目にウイルス血症であった。
微小の肺病変が顕微鏡下に観察された。PRRSV感染した細胞が、チャレンジを受けた全てのブタにおいて見られた。MLV−V/CブタはPRRSV感染細胞がより少なかった。全細胞およびPRRSV感染細胞の数を様々な領域において記録した。細胞感染の比率は群間で著しい相違が見られ、非V/Cブタでは23.34±4.691、V/Cブタでは9.36±8.069、そして非V/非Cブタでは0.24±0.114であった(表5)。
配列番号1(JX143の配列、GENBANK EU708726)
Claims (15)
- 有効量のPRRSII型ウイルスを含む免疫原性組成物をブタに投与することを含む、高熱病型PRRSの影響に対してブタをワクチン接種する方法。
- 高熱病型PRRSが、HB−1、またはJX143の核酸配列に対して少なくとも95%相同性の核酸配列を有する中国のPRRSVに由来する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 高熱病型が、HP PRRSウイルスにより引き起こされる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- PRRSII型ウイルスが、弱毒化されている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- PRRSII型ウイルスが、登録番号ATCC VR−2332の株、またはその系列の弱毒化型であることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の方法。
- PRRSII型ウイルスが、登録番号ATCC VR−2495を有する株、またはその系列であることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 中国のPRRSV株が、AH1;AHCFSH;AHCFZC;BB07;BD−8;BQ07;CL07;CX07;CZ07;FY060915;FY080108;GC−2;GCH−3;GD1;GD2;GD2007;GD3;GD4;GDSD1;GDY1−2007;GDY2−2007;GDYF1;GS2008;GXHZ12;GXHZ13;GXHZ14;GXHZ16;GXHZ19;GXHZ2;GXHZ21;GXHZ4;GXLZ5;GXLZ7;GY;GZCJ;GZDJ;GZHW1;GZHW2;GZHX:GZJS;GZKB;GZKY;GZLJ1;GZWB;GZWM;GZZB;Hainan−1;Hainan−2;HB1;HB2;HB3;HB−Tsh1;HB−Xt1;HEN46;HeN−KF:HeN−LH;HeN−LY;HLJDF;HLJMZ1;HLJMZ2;HLJMZ3;HLJZY;HM−1;HN2;HN2007;HN3;HNld;HNly;HNLY01;HNNX01;HNPJ01;HNsp;HNXT1;HNyy;HNyz;HQ−5;HQ−6;HUB;HuN;HUN1;HUN11;HUN15;HUN16;HUN17;HUN2;HUN3;HUN4;HUN5;HUN6;HUN7;Hunan−1;Hunan−2;Hunan−3;HUNH2;HUNH4;HuNhl;HUNL1;HUNX4;HZ061226;HZ070105;Jiangsu−1;Jiangsu−2;Jiangsu−3;Jiangxi−2;Jiangxi−4;JLYS;JN;JX1;JX143;JX2;JX−2;JX2006;JX3;JX4;JX5;JXA1;KS06;LC07;LJ;LS06;LS−4;LY07;NB070319;SC07;SD;SD14;SDWF2;SH02;ST−7;SX2007;SY0608;TJDMJ;TJZHJ2;TJZHJ3;TQ;TQ07;TWO7;WF07;XJ07;XL2008;YN2008;YNBS;YNDL;YNMG;YNWS;YNYS;YNYX1;YNYX3;ZJ06;ZJCJ;ZJWL;ZX07;およびZS070921より成る群から選ばれる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 組成物が、さらにアジュバントを含む、請求項1〜7に記載の方法。
- 有効量のPRRSII型ウイルスを含む免疫原性組成物をブタに投与することを含む、高熱病型PRRSウイルスJX143の影響に対してブタをワクチン接種する方法。
- 有効量のPRRSII型ウイルスを含む免疫原性組成物を、それを必要とするブタに投与することを含む、高熱病型PRRSの臨床徴候の発生率または重篤度を低下させる方法。
- 高熱病型PRRSが、HB−1、またはJX143の核酸配列に対して少なくとも95%相同性の核酸配列を有する中国のPRRSVに由来する、有効量のPRRSII型ウイルスを含む免疫原性組成物を、それを必要とするブタに投与することを含む、高熱病型PRRSの臨床徴候の発生率または重篤度を低下させる方法。
- 有効量のPRRSII型ウイルスを含む免疫原性組成物をブタに投与することを含む、高熱病型PRRSの影響に対してブタをワクチン接種するためのPRRSII型ウイルスの使用。
- 高熱病型PRRSが、HB−1、またはJX143の核酸配列に対して少なくとも95%相同性の核酸配列を有する中国のPRRSVに由来する、請求項12に記載の使用。
- 有効量のPRRSII型ウイルスを含む免疫原性組成物をブタに投与することを含む、高熱病型PRRSの影響に対してブタをワクチン接種するための薬学的組成物を製造するためのPRRSII型ウイルスの使用。
- 高熱病型PRRSが、HB−1、またはJX143の核酸配列に対して少なくとも95%相同性の核酸配列を有する中国のPRRSVに由来する、請求項14に記載の使用。
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Publication number | Publication date |
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RU2011110910A (ru) | 2012-09-27 |
JP5619004B2 (ja) | 2014-11-05 |
EP2328612A1 (en) | 2011-06-08 |
KR20110068980A (ko) | 2011-06-22 |
KR101653177B1 (ko) | 2016-09-01 |
WO2010025109A8 (en) | 2011-06-03 |
JP5890469B2 (ja) | 2016-03-22 |
EP2328612A4 (en) | 2012-11-14 |
AU2009285843A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
US20110117129A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
CN102316895A (zh) | 2012-01-11 |
CL2011000382A1 (es) | 2012-02-17 |
MX2011002046A (es) | 2011-04-21 |
CN108704127A (zh) | 2018-10-26 |
WO2010025109A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
CA2734390A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
UA106475C2 (uk) | 2014-09-10 |
AU2009285843B2 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
JP2012500852A (ja) | 2012-01-12 |
BRPI0917887A2 (pt) | 2019-09-03 |
RU2561595C2 (ru) | 2015-08-27 |
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