JP2014148675A - クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペンによる安定した処方系 - Google Patents
クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペンによる安定した処方系 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】1−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン及び/又は2−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペンを含む、潤滑剤、金属、水、ポリオールB−サイド処方物及びそれらの混合物の存在下、安定剤なしで安定なハロゲン化オレフィン組成物。
【選択図】なし
Description
本発明において、HCFO−1233zd(トランス−および/またはシス−アイソマー)およびHCFO−1233xfは、多くのHCFCおよびCFCと同程度に安定、またはそれよりも大幅に安定していて、より環境に優しく、意外なことに、安定剤を添加する必要なく、貯蔵および使用中安定しているということを知見した。
前述した手順に従って、潤滑油および金属の存在下でのトランス−HCFO−1233zdの相溶性および安定性を、高温で、ステンレス鋼オートクレーブにおいて試験した。3つの別のオートクレーブで試験した潤滑剤は、AB−150、MO−150およびPOE−22であった。第4のオートクレーブでは、トランス−HCFO−1233zdを、参照試料として用いるべく、潤滑剤、水分または金属チップなしで試験した。元のHCFO−1233zdは、主にHFO−1234zeおよびHFC−245faである不純物を1〜2%含んでおり、前述したとおり、GCスキャンから差し引いた。
HCFO−1233zdをHCFC−141bに変えた以外は、実施例1の手順に従って、潤滑油および金属の存在下でのHCFC−141bの相溶性および安定性を、高温で、ステンレス鋼オートクレーブにおいて試験した。HCFC−141bは、約0.02%のアルファ−メチルスチレンを安定剤として含有していた。参照試料から取られたHCFC−141bは、99.9%を超えるかなり純粋なもののままであった。HCFC−141bは、潤滑油、金属および水分の存在下では、かなり分解の兆候を示し、数多くの分解生成物、例えば、1,1−ジクロロエチレンが見られ、特に、1−クロロ−1−フルオロエチレン(HCFO−1131a)のレベルが、参照試料については15ppm未満であったのが、油を含む試料については、1500ppmを超える、さらには3300ppmを超える大幅な増大が見られた。これらの結果を表1に示す。潤滑剤を含有するステンレス鋼オートクレーブは、他の金属と接触した領域において、大幅な変色(暗色化)または腐食を示した。この腐食は、単に擦ったり洗ったりするだけでは取り除けなかった。この種の腐食は実施例1では観察されなかった。比較例2は、HCFC−141bを安定化させて分解を阻止するときでも、HCFO−1233zdが、HCFC−141bと少なくとも同じ程度安定であることを示している。
以下の修正を行い、実施例1および比較例3と同様にして、潤滑油の存在下で、トランス−HCFO−1233zdおよびHCFC−141bの相溶性および安定性を試験した。実施例3および4では、2つのオートクレーブを、実施例1で行ったのと同じようにして、それぞれMO−150およびPOE−22と共にHCFO−1233zdにより準備した。比較例5および6では、2つのオートクレーブを、比較例2で行ったのと同じようにして、それぞれMO−150およびPOE−22と共にHCFC−141bにより準備した。オートクレーブを140℃に、48時間でなく96時間、維持した。各オートクレーブの蒸気空間をサンプリングして、安定性試験前後の両方で、GC/MSにより試験した。結果を表2に示す。
トランス−およびシス−アイソマーを約7:3の比率で含有するHCFO−1233zdの試料を、透明なガラスバイアルに、未制御の周囲条件で、10年間にわたり貯蔵した。貯蔵期間後、試料を目視により観察し、GC分析により試験した。試料は依然として透明で変化のないように見え、GC分析によれば、試料組成に大きな変化は示されなかった。本実施例によれば、HCFO−1233zdは、長期の貯蔵条件において安定であることが分かる。
R11の試料を、30ガロンの鋼ドラムに1981年から貯蔵した。貯蔵期間後、試料は黄変し、強い異臭を放った。この例によれば、HCFO−1233zdは、貯蔵および使用において、特に、活性金属、潤滑剤および水分の存在下で、R−11より安定であることが分かる。
B−サイドポリオール処方物におけるHCFO−1233zdおよびHFO−1234zeの化学的および熱的安定性を、以下のようにして、ステンレス鋼オートクレーブ内で試験した。
1)CF3−CH=CHF→CF3−C≡CH+HF
2)HF+SiMe3(OsiMe2)nOSiMe3→SiFMe3+nSiF2Me2+H2O
Claims (17)
- 1−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペンおよび/または2−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペンを含む、潤滑剤、金属、水、ポリオールB−サイド処方物およびそれらの混合物の存在下、安定剤なしで安定なハロゲン化オレフィン組成物。
- 前記潤滑剤が、鉱油、アルキルベンゼン油、ポリオールエステル油、ポリアルキレングリコール油、ポリビニルエーテル油、ポリ(アルファオレフィン)油およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される請求項1に記載のハロゲン化オレフィン組成物。
- 前記金属が、鋼、ステンレス鋼、アルミニウム、鉄、銅およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される請求項1に記載のハロゲン化オレフィン組成物。
- 前記ポリオールB−サイド処方物が、少なくとも1種のポリオールと、任意選択的に、触媒、界面活性剤、水およびこれらの混合物とを含む請求項1に記載のハロゲン化オレフィン組成物。
- 前記1−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペンが、主に、トランス−1−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペンである請求項1に記載のハロゲン化オレフィン組成物。
- 前記1−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペンが、約70%を超えるトランス−1−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペンである請求項1に記載のハロゲン化オレフィン組成物。
- 前記1−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペンが、トランス−1−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペンから本質的になる請求項1に記載のハロゲン化オレフィン組成物。
- 安定剤なしで1−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペンと、潤滑剤および金属からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の成分とを含むハロゲン化オレフィン組成物。
- 請求項8に記載のハロゲン化オレフィン組成物を含有する冷却システム、空調システムまたは伝熱システム。
- ハイドロフルオロカーボン、ハイドロクロロフルオロカーボン、ハイドロフルオロオレフィン、ハイドロフルオロクロロカーボン、ハイドロカーボン、ハイドロフルオロエーテル、フルオロケトン、クロロフルオロカーボン、トランス−1,2−ジクロロエチレン、二酸化炭素、アンモニアおよびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される成分をさらに含む請求項1に記載のハロゲン化オレフィン組成物。
- 前記ハイドロフルオロカーボンが、ジフルオロメタン(HFC−32)、1−フルオロエタン(HFC−161)、1,1−ジフルオロエタン(HFC−152a)、1,2−ジフルオロエタン(HFC−152)、1,1,1−トリフルオロエタン(HFC−143a)、1,1,2−トリフルオロエタン(HFC−143)、1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン(HFC−134a)、1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロエタン(HFC−134)、1,1,1,2,2−ペンタフルオロエタン(HFC−125)、1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロパン(HFC−245fa)、1,1,2,2,3−ペンタフルオロプロパン(HFC−245ca)、1,1,1,2,3−ペンタフルオロプロパン(HFC−245eb)、1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロプロパン(HFC−236fa)、1,1,1,2,3,3,3−ヘプタフルオロプロパン(HFC−227ea)、1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロブタン(HFC−365mfc)、1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5−デカフルオロプロパン(HFC−4310)およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される請求項10に記載のハロゲン化オレフィン組成物。
- 前記ハイドロクロロフルオロカーボンが、クロロジフルオロメタン(HCFC−22)、1,1−ジクロロ−2,2,2−トリフルオロエタン(HCFC−123)、1−クロロ−2,2,2−トリフルオロエタン(HCFC−124)、1,1−ジクロロ−1−フルオロエタン(HCFC−141b)、1−クロロ−1,1−ジフルオロエタン(HCFC−142b)およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される請求項10に記載のハロゲン化オレフィン組成物。
- 前記クロロフルオロカーボンが、トリクロロフルオロメタン(R−11)、ジクロロジフルオロメタン(R−12)、1,1,2−トリフルオロ−1,2,2−トリフルオロエタン(R−113)、1,2−ジクロロ−1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロエタン(R−114)、クロロ−ペンタフルオロエタン(R−115)およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される請求項10に記載のハロゲン化オレフィン組成物。
- 前記ハイドロカーボンが、プロパン、ブタン、イソブタン、n−ペンタン、イソ−ペンタン、ネオ−ペンタン、シクロペンタンおよびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される請求項10に記載のハロゲン化オレフィン組成物。
- 前記ハイドロフルオロオレフィンが、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン(HFO−1234zf)、E−1,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン、2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン(HFO−1234yf)、E−1,2,3,3,−ペンタフルオロプロペン(E−HFO−1255ye)、Z−1,2,3,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロペン(Z−HFO−125ye)、E−1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロブタ−2−エン(E−HFO−1336mzz)、Z−1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロブタ−2−エン(Z−HFO−1336mzz)、1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5−オクタフルオロペント−2−エン(HFO−1438mzz)およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される請求項10に記載のハロゲン化オレフィン組成物。
- 前記ハイドロフルオロエーテルが、1,1,1,2,2,3,3−ヘプタフルオロ−3−メトキシ−プロパン、1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4−ノナフルオロ−4−メトキシ−ブタンおよびこれらの混合物である請求項10に記載のハロゲン化オレフィン組成物。
- 前記フルオロケトンが、1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5−ノナフルオロ−4(トリフルオロメチル)−3−3ペンタノンである請求項10に記載のハロゲン化オレフィン組成物。
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