CN103351849A - 用氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯配制的稳定系统 - Google Patents

用氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯配制的稳定系统 Download PDF

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CN103351849A
CN103351849A CN2013103002752A CN201310300275A CN103351849A CN 103351849 A CN103351849 A CN 103351849A CN 2013103002752 A CN2013103002752 A CN 2013103002752A CN 201310300275 A CN201310300275 A CN 201310300275A CN 103351849 A CN103351849 A CN 103351849A
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chloro
heat
air conditioning
trifluoropropene
refrigeration
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CN103351849B (zh
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B·L·范霍恩
M·Y·艾尔希科
B·B·陈
P·波内特
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Arkema Inc
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Arkema Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及用氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯配制的稳定系统，具体涉及一个制冷系统、空气调节系统、或热传输系统，包含润滑剂、金属和卤代烯烃1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯，其中，所述制冷系统、空气调节系统、或热传输系统不含卤代烯烃稳定剂。本发明的配制品是对制冷、热传输、以及泡沫预混合物特别有用的组合物。

Description

用氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯配制的稳定系统
本申请是国际申请号为PCT/US2009/036267，国际申请日为2009年3月6日的PCT国际申请进入中国国家阶段后的申请号为200980000522.9，发明名称为“用氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯配制的稳定系统”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯（R-1233zd）和/或2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯（R-1233xf）的配制系统，这两种烯烃是充分地热学且化学稳定的因而它们可以有效地使用而不需要额外的稳定剂。本发明的配制品是对制冷、热传输、以及泡沫预混合物特别有用的组合物。
背景技术
随着持续的法规压力，存在着一种不断增长的需求来确定更加环境可持续的、具有更低的消耗臭氧层以及全球变暖潜能的替代物，替换制冷剂、热传输流体、泡沫发泡剂、溶剂、以及气溶胶。氯氟烃（CFC）以及氢氯氟烃（HCFC）（广泛地用于这些应用中），是消耗臭氧层的物质并且依照蒙特利尔议定书的指导方针正在被逐步淘汰。在许多应用中氢氟烷类（HFC）是对于CFC和HCFC的主要替换物。尽管它们被评价为对臭氧层“友好的”，总体上它们仍具有高的全球变暖潜能。一类新的已经被确定为取代消耗臭氧层或高的全球变暖物质的化合物是卤代烯烃类，诸如氢氟烯烃类（HFO）以及氢氯氟烯烃类（HCFO）。因为烯键的存在，预期HFO与HCFO将是化学上不稳定的，相对于HCFC或CFC。这些物质在低层大气中固有的化学不稳定性导致了短的大气中的寿命，这提供了所希望的低的全球变暖潜能以及零或接近零的消耗臭氧层的性质。然而，这种固有的不稳定性被认为还是影响了此类物质的商业应用，这些材料在储存、处理以及使用过程中可能降解。
WO2009/003165披露了不同的应用中以及组合物中HFO和HCFO的稳定的配制品。该专利申请披露稳定剂可以用来抑制HCFO-1233zd在使用期间的分解作用。WO2007/002625披露了不同的四氟丙烯在包括热传输系统的多种应用中的使用。该专利申请披露了HFO-1234ze、HFO-1243zf、以及HFO-1225ye与所选PAG润滑油的稳定性并将结果与在一种石蜡油中的CFC-12进行了比较，使用该结果来说明这个专利申请的制冷剂以及组合物比许多常用的制冷剂具有更好的稳定性。
WO08027596、WO08027595、WO08027518、WO08027517、WO08027516、WO08027515、WO08027513、WO08027512、WO08027514全都是针对稳定的氟烯烃类的系统。这些申请披露了氟烯烃类在暴露于高温时或与例如水分、氧气的其他化合物或它们将与之发生缩合反应的其他化合物接触时会表现出降解作用。披露了当氟烯烃类作为工作流体在热传输设备（例如制冷或空气调节设备）中使用时或当其在一些其他的应用中使用时将发生降解作用。披露了因为该氟烯烃类的不稳定性，将这些氟烯烃掺入制冷或空气调节系统中可能是不实际的。因此，为了利用氟烯烃的许多其他属性，需要方法来通过加入一种稳定剂而减小降解作用。
在本发明中，已经发现HCFO-1233zd（反式-和/或顺式异构体）和HCFO-1233xf在储存和使用中是出乎意料地稳定的而不需要添加的稳定剂，许多的HCFC和CFC是同样稳定或显著地更加稳定的，同时是更加环境可持续的。
发明内容
本发明涉及顺式-和/或反式-1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯（HCFO-1233zd）和/或2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯（HCFO-1233xf）配制的系统，这两种烯烃是充分地热学且化学稳定的这样它们可以有效地使用而不需要额外的稳定剂。本发明的配制品是对制冷、热传输、以及泡沫预混合物特别有用的组合物。所选的HCFC的稳定性结果在“Chemical and Thermal Stability of Refrigerant-LubricantMixtures with Metals”、DOE/CE/23810-5(1992)，由DF Huttenlocher ofSpauschus公司提供。所陈述的一些发现为R-123比R-11约稳定十倍，而且R-141b以及R-142b比R-123更稳定。EP0539719披露了，R-141b应与一种稳定剂（如α-甲基苯乙烯）一起使用，来抑制有毒的副产物1-氯-1-氟乙烯（HCFO-1131a）的形成。本发明的诸位发明人已经发现不需要任何额外的稳定剂HCFO-1233zd至少是与R-141b一样稳定，而且通过延伸反应它还要比R-123和R-11更稳定。
具体实施方式
随着持续的法规压力，存在着一种不断增长的需求来确定更加环境可持续的、具有更低的消耗臭氧层以及全球变暖潜能的替代物，替换制冷剂、热传输流体、泡沫发泡剂、溶剂、以及气溶胶。氯氟烃（CFC）以及氢氯氟烃（HCFC）（广泛地用于这些应用中），是消耗臭氧层的物质并且依照蒙特利尔议定书的指导方针正在被逐步淘汰。在许多应用中氢氟烷类（HFC）是CFC和HCFC的领先替代物，尽管它们被认为对臭氧层是“友好”的，总体上它们仍具有高的全球变暖潜能。一类新的已经被确定为取代消耗臭氧层或高的全球变暖物质的化合物是卤代烯烃类，诸如氢氟烯烃类（HFO）以及氢氯氟烯烃类（HCFO）。因为烯键的存在，预计HFO与HCFO相对于HCFC或CFC将是化学上不稳定的。这些物质在低层大气中固有的化学不稳定性导致了短的大气中的寿命，这提供了所希望的低的全球变暖潜能以及零或接近零的臭氧消耗的性质。然而，这种固有的不稳定性被认为还是影响此类物质的商业应用，它们在储存、处理以及使用过程中可能降解，诸如当暴露于高温或当与例如水分、氧气的其他化合物或它们将与之经受缩合反应的其他化合物接触时。当卤代烯烃类作为工作流体在热传输设备（例如制冷或空气调节设备）中使用时或当其在一些其他应用中使用时可能发生降解作用。该降解作用可以通过任意数目的不同机理发生。在一个例子中，该降解作用可能由该化合物在极端温度下的不稳定性导致。在其他例子中，该降解作用可能由空气（无意地泄露到系统之中）存在下的氧化作用导致。无论此类降解作用的原因是什么，因为该卤代烯烃的不稳定性，将这些卤代烯烃结合到制冷或空调系统之中、或到其他应用中（诸如在泡沫多元醇的预混合物中）是不实际的。
必须很好地理解一个制冷系统中的制冷剂、润滑剂、以及金属的化学的相互作用来设计可靠的并且具有长的使用寿命的系统。制冷剂与制冷或热传输系统的或其中的其他组分的不相容性可能导致该制冷剂、润滑剂、和/或其他组分的分解作用；不希望的副产物的生成；机械组件的腐蚀或降解；效率的损失；或设备、制冷剂和/或润滑剂的使用寿命的总体缩短。
在本发明中，已经发现卤代烯烃类HCFO-1233zd和/或HCFO-1233xf在典型地是制冷、空气调节、热传输系统的系统中出乎意料地稳定，而无需额外的稳定剂(包括在润滑剂、金属、以及水分的存在下)。已经发现，卤代烯烃类HCFO-1233zd和/或HCFO-1233xf至少与HCFC和CFC制冷剂类（包括R-141b、R-123、和R-11）一样稳定（如果不是更稳定），并且因此作为一种制冷剂或热传输流体是特别有用的，同时提供兼有延长的使用寿命以及更好的环境可持续性的两方面的好处。
在一个制冷、空气调节、或热传输系统中，期望润滑油和制冷剂在该系统的至少一些部分（如果不是该系统的大部分）可以彼此相接触，如在ASHRAE Handbook：HVAC Systems and Equipment中所说明的。因此，不论该润滑剂和制冷剂是否被单独或作为一个预混合包装中的部分加入到一个制冷、空气调节、或热传输系统中，仍期望它们在该系统中接触并且因此必须是相容的。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，稳定的卤代烯烃系统是包括氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯，优选地是HCFO-1233zd的制冷、空气调节、或热传输系统。在这样一个系统中，HCFO-1233zd与不同的金属以及其他组分相接触并且必须在长期的运行中保持稳定。存在于此类系统中的典型的物质包括钢、不锈钢、铝、铁、铜、以及它们的混合物。在本发明的另一个实施方案中，所述稳定的系统还包括润滑剂类，这些润滑剂包括矿物油类、烷基苯油类、聚乙烯基醚油类、多元醇酯油类、聚亚烷基二醇油类、聚(α烯烃)油类、以及它们的混合物。
稳定的卤代烯烃系统（该系统包括氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯；优选地是1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯（R-1233zd）、2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯（R-1233xf）、以及它们的混合物；并且还要更优选地是反式-1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯）旨在包括新的系统、现有系统的维修、以及现有系统的改装。优选的氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯是包括大于70wt%的反式异构体的反式-1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯。例如，因为氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯与润滑剂类和金属类的稳定性，氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯可以用来维修已经包含其他制冷剂的现有设备（这些制冷剂包括但不限于HCFC-123和/或CFC-11），而不使该系统的稳定性更差。这可以包括向所述现有设备中加入氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯（或单独地或与其他制冷剂组合）来注满制冷剂的填充量；或通过除去部分或全部的所述现有制冷剂并然后用氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯（单独地或与其他制冷剂相组合）将其替换。
氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯还可以装入新的设备中（单独地或与其他制冷剂组合），这些制冷剂是诸如氢氟烷类、氢氯氟烃类、氢氟烯烃类、氢氟氯烷烃类、烃类、氢氟醚类、氟酮类、氯氟烃类、反式-1,2-二氯乙烯、二氧化碳、氨、以及它们的混合物。示例性的氢氟烷类包括二氟甲烷（HFC-32）、1-氟代乙烷（HFC-161）、1,1-二氟乙烷（HFC-152a）、1,2-二氟乙烷（HFC-152）、1,1,1-三氟乙烷（HFC-143a）、1,1,2-三氟乙烷（HFC-143）、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷（HFC-134a）、1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷（HFC-134）、1,1,1,2,2-五氟乙烷（HFC-125）、1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷（HFC-245fa）、1,1,2,2,3-五氟丙烷（HFC-245ca）、1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷（HFC-245eb）、1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙烷（HFC-236fa）、1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷（HFC-227ea）、1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷（HFC-365mfc）、1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟丙烷（HFC-4310）、以及它们的混合物。示例性的氯氟烃类包括三氯氟甲烷（R-11）、二氯二氟甲烷（R-12）、1,1,2-三氟-1,2,2-三氟乙烷（R-113）、1,2-二氯-1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷（R-114）、氯-五氟乙烷（R-115）以及它们的混合物。示例性的烃类包括丙烷、丁烷、异丁烷、正戊烷、异戊烷、新戊烷、环戊烷、以及它们的混合物。示例性的氢氟烯烃类包括3,3,3-三氟丙烯（HFO-1234zf）、E-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯（HFO-1234yf）、E-1,2,3,3,3-五氟丙烯（E-HFO-1255ye）、Z-1,2,3,3,3-五氟丙烯（Z-HFO-1255ye）、E-1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丁-2-烯（E-HFO-1336mzz）、Z-1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丁-2-烯（Z-HFO-1336mzz）、1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-八氟戊-2-烯（HFO-1438mzz）以及它们的混合物。示例性的氢氟醚类包括1,1,1,2,2,3,3-七氟-3-甲氧基-丙烷、1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,-九氟-4-甲氧基-丁烷以及它们的混合物。一种示例性的氟酮是1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-九氟-4(三氟甲基)-3-戊酮。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，一种稳定的预混合的配制品可以通过将氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯（单独地或与其他制冷剂组合）与一种润滑剂进行混合来制备，不需要额外的稳定剂。然后可以将该稳定的制冷剂/润滑剂预混合系统填入一个制冷、空气调节、或热传输系统中。
对于聚氨酯泡沫的生产，典型的是制备一种包含发泡剂的多元醇预混合物（典型地是指B-侧（B-side））。这种B-侧泡沫预混合物将在与一种聚合的MDI混合物（典型地是指A-侧）混合时形成泡沫。这种B-侧泡沫预混合配制品必须在与该A-侧配制品混合之前保持化学上和热学上的稳定以防止以下问题，这些问题是诸如不希望的副产物的产生、B-侧组分的分解作用、不希望的聚合作用等等。这些将减小该发泡配制品的效率、产生有毒的或活性的组分、产生更易挥发的组分（这可以增加B-侧容器的压力）、等等。本发明中发现HCFO-1233zd和/或HCFO-1233xf在B-侧多元醇泡沫预混合物中是出乎意料的稳定而没有额外的稳定剂，至少与之前的HCFC发泡剂（诸如HCFC-141b）在多元醇预混合物中一样稳定（如果不是更稳定）。包含HFCO-1233zd和/或HCFO-1233xf的泡沫预混合物将带来的好处为与HCFC-141b的预混合物相比附加的储藏期。
以下非限制性实例提供在此作为参考：
实例
在升高的温度下在300mL的不锈钢高压釜中测试了制冷剂在润滑油、水分、以及金属存在下的相容性以及稳定性。首先在该300mL的高压釜中装入大约10g的油、1g的水、以及活性金属：铝、铜、和铁的试片或条。向每个高压釜中加入大约10至11g的制冷剂。将高压釜密封并置于一个140°C下的恒温烘箱中维持48小时。在此之后允许高压釜冷却并然后通过气相色谱法（GC）分析蒸发空间（vapor space）来查看分解作用并确定分解产物。
在计算该制冷剂的纯度时，将起始物质中的一些杂质从GC扫描中扣除以更好地反映该制冷剂的纯度变化并且更好地确定降解产物的出现。
实例1
在升高的温度下在不锈钢高压釜中按照之前描述的程序测试了反式-HCFO-1233zd在多种润滑油以及金属存在下的相容性以及稳定性。在三个分离的高压釜中测试的润滑剂是AB-150、MO-150、以及POE-22。在第四个高压釜中，测试了反式-HCFO-1233zd，而没有润滑剂、水分、或金属条来用作一种参比样品。原始的HCFO-1233zd包含从1%至2%的杂质，杂质主要是HFO-1234ze和HFC-245fa，如之前描述的它们将从GC扫描中被扣除。
表1示出了稳定性试验之后样品的纯度。在所有情况下HCFO-1233zd的纯度仍然大于99%。含油样品中的主要杂质是对苯二甲酸二甲酯以及邻苯二甲酸二乙酯，它们不是HCFO-1233zd的分解产物。
对比实例2
在升高的温度下在不锈钢高压釜中按照实例1的程序测试了HCFC-141b在多种润滑油以及金属存在下的相容性以及稳定性，除外HCFO-1233zd用HCFC-141b替代。该HCFC-141b包含大约0.02%的α-甲基苯乙烯作为一种稳定剂。从参比样品中取出的HCFC-141b仍然相当纯，纯度大于99.9%。HCFC-141b在润滑油、金属、以及水分存在的时候显示出明显的分解迹象，出现为数众多的降解产物，诸如1,1-二氯乙烯；并特别伴随1-氯-1-氟乙烯（HCFO-1131a）水平上的显著增加，从参比样品中的小于15ppm变化为含油样品中的超过1500ppm或甚至超过3300ppm。这些结果在表1中示出。包含润滑剂的不锈钢高压釜在被其他的金属所接触的区域内显示出显著的变色（发黑）或腐蚀。这种腐蚀不能通过简单的刷洗或冲洗除去。这种类型的腐蚀在实例1中未观察到。对比实例2显示，HCFO-1233zd至少与HCFC-141b一样稳定，甚至是当HCFC-141b被稳定来抑制分解作用时。
表1.与润滑剂进行稳定性测试之后的制冷剂纯度
实例3和4以及对比实例5和6
在润滑油的存在下测试了反式-HCFO-1233zd和HCFC-141b的相容性和稳定性，这与实例1和对比实例3相似，具有以下改变：在实例3和4中，两个高压釜中配制了HCFO-1233zd，分别具有MO-150和POE-22，如实例1中所做的。在对比实例5和6中，两个高压釜中配制了HCFC-141b（包含α-甲基苯乙烯作为一种稳定剂），分别具有MO-150和POE-22，如在对比实例2中所做的。将高压釜在140°C下维持96小时，而不是48小时。对每个高压釜中的蒸发空间取样并在稳定性实验之前和之后都通过GC/MS进行测试。结果在表2中示出。
HCFO-1233zd的纯度改变了仅仅0.03%或更小，而HCFC-141b的纯度改变超过0.3%。HCFO-141b的主要分解副产物是HCFO-1131a，从11ppm增加至超过1400ppm。
表2.与润滑剂进行稳定性测试之后的制冷剂纯度
实例7
一个HCFO-1233zd的样品（包含的反式和顺式异构体的比率为大约7:3）在不受控制的环境条件下在一个干净的玻璃小瓶中储存了超过十年。储存期过后，对该样品进行目视观察并通过GC分析进行测试。该样品仍然看起来是澄清的且是未改变的并且GC分析显示在样品组合物中没有显著的改变。该实例显示HCFO-1233zd在延长的储存条件下是稳定的。
对比实例8
来自1981年的一个R-11样品被储存在一个30加仑的钢桶中。储存期过后，该样品已经变为黄色并发出强烈的气味。这个实例显示尤其在活性金属、润滑剂、以及水分的存在下HCFO-1233zd在储存和使用中将比R-11更稳定。
实例9和对比实例10
在不锈钢高压釜中对B-侧多元醇配制品中HCFO-1233zd和HFO-1234ze的化学以及热学稳定性测试如下：
将每种泡沫预混合物配制品装入一个300mL的不锈钢高压釜中。在100°C下的恒温烘箱内将这些高压釜加热24小时。然后将高压釜从烘箱中移出并在环境温度下保持72小时，在此之后对于每一个高压釜将一个蒸发空间组合物的样品收集进一个
Figure BDA00003525239000102
GC样品袋中，用于随后的GC/MS分析。
对每个高压釜中加入表3中所示的基础的B-侧配制品。
表3：B-侧配制品
Figure BDA00003525239000101
Figure BDA00003525239000111
然后通过向该B-侧配制品中加入发泡剂来制备泡沫预混合物配制品，负荷为75份B-侧中25份发泡剂。使用HCFO-1233zd（实例9）制备一种泡沫预混合物配制品，并使用HFO-1234ze制备另一种（对比实例10）。然后使该泡沫预混合物配制品经受稳定性试验。
实例9的蒸气相组合物的GC/MS分析显示在HCFO-1233zd中没有显著的降解作用。大多数降解副产物可归因于HFO-1234ze的分解作用，HFO-1234ze以原始HCFO-1233zd样品的2%存在。
HFO-1234ze的对比实例10显示出比表4中提供的GC/MS数据所显示的更显著的分解作用。氟化硅烷产物的存在是来自HF的释放（HF来自反式-HFO-1234ze），该反式-HFO-1234ze可以进一步与更多的HFO-1234ze起反应而产生HFC-245a并与该配制品中所使用的基于硅氧烷的表面活性剂起反应。1)CF3-CH=CHF→CF3-C≡CH+HF
2)HF+SiMe3(OsiMe2)nOSiMe3→SiFMe3+nSiF2Me2+H2O
表4：对比实例10的蒸气分析
Figure BDA00003525239000112
实例9和对比实例10显示，反式-HCFO-1233zd比类似的氢氟烯烃（反式-HFO-1234ze）更稳定。
这些实例显示，氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯（特别是HCFO-1233zd）在储存和使用的过程中都是出乎意料地稳定并且至少与之前的HCFC和CFC同样稳定，尤其是在与润滑剂、水分、活性金属、多元醇B-侧配制品以及它们的混合物相结合时。

Claims (14)

1.一个制冷系统、空气调节系统、或热传输系统，包含润滑剂、金属和卤代烯烃1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯，其中，所述制冷系统、空气调节系统、或热传输系统不含卤代烯烃稳定剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的制冷系统、空气调节系统、或热传输系统，其中，所述润滑剂是选自下组，其构成为：矿物油类、烷基苯油类、多元醇酯油类、聚亚烷基二醇油类、聚乙烯基醚油类、聚(α烯烃)油类以及它们的混合物。
3.如权利要求1所述的制冷系统、空气调节系统、或热传输系统，其中，所述金属是选自下组，其构成为：钢、不锈钢、铝、铁、铜、以及它们的混合物。
4.如权利要求1所述的制冷系统、空气调节系统、或热传输系统，其中，所述1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯主要是反式-1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯。
5.如权利要求1所述的制冷系统、空气调节系统、或热传输系统，其中，所述1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯是超过约70%的反式-1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯。
6.如权利要求1所述的制冷系统、空气调节系统、或热传输系统，其中，所述1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯基本上由反式-1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯构成。
7.如权利要求1所述的制冷系统、空气调节系统、或热传输系统，进一步包括选自下组的一种组分，该组的构成为：氢氟烷类、氢氯氟烃类、氢氟烯烃类、氢氟氯烷烃类、烃类、氢氟醚类、氟酮类、氯氟烃类、反式-1,2-二氯乙烯、二氧化碳、氨、以及它们的混合物。
8.如权利要求7所述的制冷系统、空气调节系统、或热传输系统，其中，所述氢氟烷是选自下组，其构成为：二氟甲烷、1-氟代乙烷、1,1-二氟乙烷、1,2-二氟乙烷、1,1,1-三氟乙烷、1,1,2-三氟乙烷、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷、1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷、1,1,1,2,2-五氟乙烷、1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷、1,1,2,2,3-五氟丙烷、1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷、1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙烷、1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷、1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷、1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟丙烷、以及它们的混合物。
9.如权利要求7所述的制冷系统、空气调节系统、或热传输系统，其中，所述氢氯氟烃是选自下组，其构成为：氯二氟甲烷、1,1-二氯-2,2,2-三氟乙烷、1-氯-2,2,2-三氟乙烷、1,1-二氯-1-氟代乙烷、1-氯-1,1-二氟乙烷、以及它们的混合物。
10.如权利要求7所述的制冷系统、空气调节系统、或热传输系统，其中，所述氯氟烃是选自下组，其构成为：三氯氟甲烷、二氯二氟甲烷、1,1,2-三氟-1,2,2-三氟乙烷、1,2-二氯-1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷、氯-五氟乙烷以及它们的混合物。
11.如权利要求7所述的制冷系统、空气调节系统、或热传输系统，其中，所述的烃是选自下组，其构成为：丙烷、丁烷、异丁烷、正戊烷、异戊烷、新戊烷、环戊烷、以及它们的混合物。
12.如权利要求7所述的制冷系统、空气调节系统、或热传输系统，其中，所述氢氟烯烃是选自下组，其构成为：3,3,3-三氟丙烯、E-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、E-1,2,3,3,3-五氟丙烯、Z-1,2,3,3,3-五氟丙烯、E-1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丁-2-烯、Z-1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丁二烯、1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-八氟戊-2-烯以及它们的混合物。
13.如权利要求7所述的制冷系统、空气调节系统、或热传输系统，其中，所述氢氟醚是1,1,1,2,2,3,3-七氟-3-甲氧基-丙烷、1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,-九氟-4-甲氧基-丁烷以及它们的混合物。
14.如权利要求7所述的制冷系统、空气调节系统、或热传输系统，其中，所述氟酮是1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-九氟-4(三氟甲基)-3-3戊酮。
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