JP2013521218A - 塩基で活性化された炭素の製造方法 - Google Patents
塩基で活性化された炭素の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003161 (C1-C6) alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002010 green coke Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006832 (C1-C10) alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001002 functional polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011331 needle coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006253 pitch coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3042—Use of binding agents; addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the produced sorbent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
- B01J20/28066—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area being more than 1000 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3035—Compressing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/305—Addition of material, later completely removed, e.g. as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing, e.g. for forming pores
- B01J20/3064—Addition of pore forming agents, e.g. pore inducing or porogenic agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
- C01B32/348—Metallic compounds
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/354—After-treatment
- C01B32/36—Reactivation or regeneration
- C01B32/366—Reactivation or regeneration by physical processes, e.g. by irradiation, by using electric current passing through carbonaceous feedstock or by using recyclable inert heating bodies
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/354—After-treatment
- C01B32/384—Granulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/04—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
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Abstract
Description
a)炭素材料と、塩基と、前記塩基に対して化学的に不活性な親水性ポリマーとの混合物を製造する工程、
b)工程a)において製造された混合物をブリケットにプレスする工程及び
c)工程b)において製造されたブリケットを活性化させる工程
を含む、活性化された炭素の製造方法により解決される。
HO(−R−O−)nH (I)
[式中、
nは、2〜100 000、好ましくは2〜1 000及び特に好ましくは100〜600の整数であり、かつRは、直鎖状又は分枝鎖状の、場合により1個又はそれ以上のヒドロキシル基で置換されたアルキレン基、好ましくは場合により1個又はそれ以上のヒドロキシル基で置換されたC1〜C15−アルキレン基及び特に好ましくは場合により1個又はそれ以上のヒドロキシル基で置換されたC1〜C10−アルキレン基である]によるポリエーテルポリオールを使用することが提案される。これら全てのポリエーテルポリオールは、通常の塩基に対して化学的に不活性であり、かつ本発明による方法にとって十分な親水性を有する。
nは、2〜100 000、好ましくは2〜1 000及び特に好ましくは100〜600の整数である]による化合物である。
Claims (10)
- 活性化された炭素の製造方法であって、以下の工程:
a)炭素材料と、塩基と、前記塩基に対して化学的に不活性な親水性ポリマーとの混合物を製造する工程、
b)工程a)において製造された混合物をブリケットにプレスする工程及び
c)工程b)において製造されたブリケットを活性化させる工程
を含む、活性化された炭素の製造方法。 - 工程a)において、親水性ポリマーとして、ポリエーテル、好ましくはポリエーテルポリオール及び特に好ましくは一般式I:
HO(−R−O−)nH (I)
[式中、
nは、2〜100 000、好ましくは2〜1 000及び特に好ましくは100〜600の整数であり、かつ
Rは、直鎖又は分枝鎖状の、非置換又は1個もしくはそれ以上のヒドロキシル基で置換されたアルキレン基、好ましくは非置換又は1個もしくはそれ以上のヒドロキシル基で置換されたC1〜C15−アルキレン基、特に好ましくは非置換又は1個もしくはそれ以上のヒドロキシル基で置換されたC1〜C10−アルキレン基及び極めて特に好ましくは非置換又は1個もしくはそれ以上のヒドロキシル基で置換されたC1〜C6−アルキレン基である]によるポリエーテルポリオールを使用する、請求項1記載の方法。 - 工程a)において、親水性ポリマーとして、ポリメチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、ポリブチレングリコール、ポリペンチレングリコール、ポリヘキシレングリコール、ポリグリセリン及び前記の化合物2種又はそれ以上の任意の混合物からなる群から選択されるポリマーを使用し、かつ特に好ましくは200〜600g/モルの質量平均分子量を有するポリプロピレングリコール及び/又は200〜600g/モルの質量平均分子量を有するポリエチレングリコールを使用する、請求項2記載の方法。
- 工程a)において、まず最初に、前記親水性ポリマーを前記炭素材料と混合した後、引き続き前記塩基をこうして製造された混合物に添加し、かつこの混合物と混合する、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 工程a)において、塩基として、アルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ金属炭酸塩、好ましくは水酸化カリウムを使用する、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 工程a)において、炭素材料として、コークス、好ましくは生コークス及び特に好ましくは1〜10μmの平均粒径d50を有する生コークスを使用する、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 工程a)において、炭素材料20〜50質量%、親水性ポリマー1〜15質量%及び塩基35〜79質量%、好ましくは炭素材料25〜40質量%、親水性ポリマー2〜10質量%及び塩基50〜73質量%及び特に好ましくは炭素材料30〜35質量%、親水性ポリマー3〜7質量%及び塩基58〜67質量%を含有する混合物を製造する、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 工程b)におけるプレスを、ダイプレス中で少なくとも100kg/cm2の圧力で実施し、及び/又は工程b)において、工程a)において製造された混合物を、少なくとも1g/cm3の密度を有するブリケットにプレスする、請求項1から7までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 工程a)における活性化が、500〜1 500℃、好ましくは700〜1 000℃、特に好ましくは700〜900℃及び極めて特に好ましくは850〜900℃の温度での前記ブリケットの熱処理を含み、かつ好ましくは工程c)における前記熱処理の際の最高温度を、少なくとも0.5時間、好ましくは少なくとも1時間、特に好ましくは少なくとも2時間及び極めて特に好ましくは少なくとも3時間保持する、請求項1から8までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 請求項1から9までのいずれか1項記載の方法により得られ、1 500〜2 000m2/gのBET表面積を有し、かつ吸着材料として又は電極として及び好ましくは二重層コンデンサにおける電極として使用される、活性化された炭素。
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DE102010002706A DE102010002706A1 (de) | 2010-03-09 | 2010-03-09 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von mit Base aktiviertem Kohlenstoff |
PCT/EP2011/053442 WO2011110543A1 (de) | 2010-03-09 | 2011-03-08 | Verfahren zur herstellung von mit base aktiviertem kohlenstoff |
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CA2791470A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
WO2011110543A1 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
JP5599478B2 (ja) | 2014-10-01 |
US9637390B2 (en) | 2017-05-02 |
CA2791470C (en) | 2014-11-25 |
EP2544997B1 (de) | 2016-11-30 |
US8927103B2 (en) | 2015-01-06 |
EP2544997A1 (de) | 2013-01-16 |
US20130216831A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
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US20160355403A1 (en) | 2016-12-08 |
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