JP2013520317A - Co酸化および水性ガスシフト反応のためのナノサイズの金触媒 - Google Patents
Co酸化および水性ガスシフト反応のためのナノサイズの金触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013520317A JP2013520317A JP2012555041A JP2012555041A JP2013520317A JP 2013520317 A JP2013520317 A JP 2013520317A JP 2012555041 A JP2012555041 A JP 2012555041A JP 2012555041 A JP2012555041 A JP 2012555041A JP 2013520317 A JP2013520317 A JP 2013520317A
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 231
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 title abstract description 192
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 35
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title description 19
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title description 2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 107
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 91
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 50
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 28
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- JZQOJFLIJNRDHK-CMDGGOBGSA-N alpha-irone Chemical compound CC1CC=C(C)C(\C=C\C(C)=O)C1(C)C JZQOJFLIJNRDHK-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
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- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
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- VRIVJOXICYMTAG-IYEMJOQQSA-L iron(ii) gluconate Chemical compound [Fe+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O VRIVJOXICYMTAG-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 description 6
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- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M D-gluconate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M 0.000 description 5
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
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- YTVQIZRDLKWECQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzoylcyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1CCCCC1=O YTVQIZRDLKWECQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017060 Fe Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012692 Fe precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002544 Fe-Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002554 Fe(NO3)3·9H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009528 severe injury Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001234 toxic pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000007039 two-step reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/12—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
- C01B3/16—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/864—Removing carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8906—Iron and noble metals
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- B01J23/90—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J23/96—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the noble metals
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
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- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
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- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/10—Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
Description
2CH4+3H2O → 7H2+CO+CO2
合成ガスにおいてCO濃度は通常10%超であり、それゆえ、燃料電池またはアンモニアの生産などには、まだ直接適用できない。
CO+H2O → CO2+H2
現在の工業的WGSプロセスは、二段階反応からなる:350℃から500℃の範囲の運転温度で触媒として鉄クロム(FeCr)を使用する高温(HT)WGS反応;および200℃から260℃の範囲の運転温度で触媒として銅亜鉛(CuZn)を使用する低温(LT)WGS反応。メタンなどの燃料の水蒸気改質反応後、合成ガス中のCO濃度は、HT−WGS反応後に約2%から4%まで低下させることができ、さらに、LT−WGS反応後に0.1%と1%の間の値まで低下させることができる(非特許文献2を参照)。このことは、CO濃度がHT−WGS反応後に2%辺りである場合、後者のプロセスにおけるCO転化率が50%超から95%であるべきであることを意味する。WGS反応は、発熱性かつ可逆性であるので、熱力学によれば、高温でそのような低いCO濃度に到達することは都合よくない。
a) 3%のAu/Fe2O3を合成するためのCP法の詳細な手法:
1. 5.0gのFe(NO3)3を125mlの水(超純水)に加えた。
2. この溶液を80℃でしばらく撹拌し、その後、0.52mlの0.58MのHAuCl4を加えた。
3. 温度を80℃に維持しながら、pH=8.2に到達するまで、0.25MのNa2CO3を滴下し、スラリーを形成した。
4. 次いで、このスラリーを濾過し、80℃の脱イオン水で数回洗浄した。
5. 次いで、沈殿物を120℃で一晩、乾燥させた。
1. 0.50gのFe2O3またはFe2O3・ZrO2担体に、8mlの水(超純水)を加えた。
2. この混合物に9.0mlの0.01MのHAuCl4を加え、撹拌した。
3. pHが8.5〜8.9の値に到達するまで、スラリーに0.25MのNa2CO3を滴下した。
4. 混合物を10分間に亘り撹拌したままにし、pHを再検査した。pHが8.0未満に落ちている場合、さらにNa2CO3を加えた。pHが8を超えたままである場合、混合物を撹拌したままにした。
5. 次いで、スラリーを2時間に亘り撹拌したままエージングさせた。
6. 次いで、固体を、遠心分離により水で洗浄し、2時間に亘り120℃で乾燥させた。
1. 典型的な触媒調製において、10mlの脱イオン水を0.50gのα−Fe2O3に加え、その後、連続して、3.0mlの0.01MのHAuCl4および3.0mlの0.01Mのリシン(Lys)を加えた。
2. 次いで、懸濁液のpH値を0.10MのNaOHで5〜6に調節した。
3. 懸濁液に20秒間に亘り音波処理を行い、その期間中、新たに調製したNaBH4(0.1M、Auのモル数の5〜10倍)を直ちに注入した。懸濁液は瞬時に黒っぽくなった。
4. 終点でのpH値を測定し、触媒を、遠心分離を使用して、脱イオン水で4回洗浄し、その後、60℃で乾燥させた。
1. 等モル量のFe(NO3)3・9H2O(約1.2g)およびZrO(NO3)2・xH2O(約0.80g)を秤量し、オートクレーブに加えた。Fe2O3のみが必要な場合、2gのFe(NO3)3・9H2Oを秤量した。ジルコニウム前駆体を最初に少量の水(この場合1.5ml)に溶解させ、その後、鉄前駆体を添加し、よく撹拌し、その後、オートクレーブに注ぎ入れた。(x=2、別記しない限り、脱水物が通常使用される)
2. 次いで、テトラメチルアンモニウム水酸化物(20質量%)(32ml)またはテトラエチルアンモニウム水酸化物(25質量%)を前駆体に加え、この混合物を手短に撹拌した。
3. オートクレーブに蓋をし、80℃の炉内に入れ、3時間に亘り加熱した。
4. 一晩冷ました後、次いで、沈殿した固体を遠心分離により、水とアセトンで数回洗浄した。
5. 洗浄した固体を60℃で乾燥させ、400℃で3時間に亘りか焼した。
1. Fe(NO3)3・9H2OおよびZrO(NO3)2・xH2Oを、所望のFe:Zrモル比にしたがって秤量した。ジルコニウム前駆体を最初に少量の水に溶解させ、その後、鉄前駆体を添加し、よく撹拌し、その後、オートクレーブに注ぎ入れた。(x=2、別記しない限り、脱水物が通常使用される)
2. 上述した混合物をテトラエチルアンモニウム水酸化物(20質量%)の撹拌溶液中に滴下し、混合物をよく撹拌した。
3. オートクレーブに蓋をし、80℃の炉内に入れ、3時間に亘り加熱した。
4. 一晩冷ました後、次いで、沈殿した固体を遠心分離により、水とアセトンで数回洗浄した。
5. 洗浄した固体を60℃で乾燥させ、400℃で3時間に亘りか焼した。
1. 2.1gのFe(NO3)3・9H2Oを16gのエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル(EGME)に溶解させて、0.35Mの溶液を調製した。代わりにグルコン酸FeまたはFe(OH)3を使用した場合、等量を秤量した。EGMEを新たに調製したFe(OH)3と組み合わせて、粉末触媒をモノリスの壁に結合させた。
2. 4.0gの5%のAu/α−Fe2O3粉末触媒(音響化学法、CP法またはDP法により調製した)を溶液に加えて、スラリーを調製した。このスラリーを室温で10時間に亘り撹拌した。
3. 次いで、1片のモノリスを1〜3分間スラリー中に浸す。次いで、濡れたモノリスに空気を吹き付けて、過剰のスラリーを除去する。この手法は、2〜3回繰り返しても差し支えない。
4. 次いで、モノリスを炉内において80℃で乾燥させる。
5. 必要に応じて、再浸漬を行った。
1. 0.43gのグルコン酸鉄を0.8gの水と2.08gのEGMEに加えた。
2. この混合物を撹拌して、最初に、グルコン酸鉄を完全に混ぜ合わせた。
3. 次いで、この混合物に0.8gの1%のAu/Fe2O3を加えた。
4. この混合物を6時間に亘り撹拌した。
5. 次いで、反応装置の大きさ(1cm長)のモノリスを約1〜2分間に亘りスラリー中に浸漬し、その後、N2中で過剰な被覆を吹き飛ばすことによって、一度、被覆を行い、炉内において80℃で乾燥させた。
6. 必要に応じて、再浸漬を行った。
1. 0.43gのFe(NO3)3を約2mlの水に加えた。
2. 1.05mlのNH4OHを加えてpHを約8にし、NaOHまたはNH4OHを使用して、Fe(OH)3を沈殿させた。
3. 次いで、スラリーを少なくとも6回、遠心分離により脱イオン水で洗浄し、その後、60℃で一晩乾燥させた。
4. 次いで、乾燥したFe(OH)3を粉砕した。
5. 0.113gのFe(OH)3を0.8gの水(pH=約7)と2.08gのEGMEに加え、超音波処理を使用して分散させた。
6. 次いで、混合物に0.8gの1%のAu/Fe2O3を加え、40分間または3時間に亘り撹拌した。
7. 次いで、反応装置の大きさ(1cm長)のモノリスを約1〜2分間に亘りスラリー中に浸漬し、その後、N2中で過剰な被覆を吹き飛ばすことによって、一度、被覆を行った。モノリスを80℃で乾燥させた。
8. 必要に応じて、モノリスの再浸漬を行った。
1. EGME+Fe(NO3)3+α−Fe2O3を混合し、この混合物を一晩撹拌した。
2. このスラリー中に素材としてのモノリスを数回浸漬してウォッシュコートを形成し、乾燥させ、1時間に亘り400℃でか焼した。
3. 3%のAu/Fe2O3の音響化学またはDP調製を行った。
4. 堆積した触媒をH2Oで数回洗浄し、次いで、EGME(音響化学法について)または水(DP法について)に加えた。このスラリーを約30分間撹拌した。手法(1)において予めウォッシュコートを施したMLをこのスラリー中に3分間浸漬し、次いで、濡れたモノリスに空気を吹き付けて過剰のスラリーを除去し、少なくとも10分間に亘り80℃で乾燥させた。
5. 必要に応じて、再浸漬を行って、所望の質量を得た。
Claims (5)
- セラミックモノリス、および
該セラミックモノリス上に堆積した担持Au触媒層、
を有してなる物品。 - 前記モノリス上に堆積したウォッシュコート層をさらに備え、前記担持Au触媒層が前記ウォッシュコート層上に堆積していることを特徴とする請求項1記載の物品。
- セラミックモノリス上に担持Au触媒を提供する方法であって、
Au触媒を含むウォッシュコートをセラミックモノリスに施して、該セラミックモノリス上に担持Au触媒を形成する工程を有してなる方法。 - 水性ガスシフト反応を行う方法であって、
請求項1記載の物品を提供し、
CO2およびH2を生成するのに十分な条件下で、COおよびH2Oを含むガス流を、請求項1記載の物品のAu触媒層に接触させる、
各工程を有してなる方法。 - CO酸化反応を行う方法であって、
請求項1記載の物品を提供し、
CO2を生成するのに十分な条件下で、COを含むガス流を、請求項1記載の物品のAu触媒層に接触させる、
各工程を有してなる方法。
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US12/711,717 US9139433B2 (en) | 2010-02-24 | 2010-02-24 | Gold catalysts for co oxidation and water gas shift reactions |
US12/711,717 | 2010-02-24 | ||
PCT/US2011/024971 WO2011106213A1 (en) | 2010-02-24 | 2011-02-16 | Nanosized gold catalysts for co oxidation and water gas shift reactions |
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JP2013520317A true JP2013520317A (ja) | 2013-06-06 |
JP2013520317A5 JP2013520317A5 (ja) | 2015-04-23 |
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EP (1) | EP2539069B1 (ja) |
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WO2011106213A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
EP2539069A1 (en) | 2013-01-02 |
US9139433B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 |
CN103002985B (zh) | 2015-04-01 |
EP2539069B1 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
US20110204293A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
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