JP2013227199A - 圧電セラミックス、圧電セラミックスの製造方法、圧電素子および電子機器 - Google Patents
圧電セラミックス、圧電セラミックスの製造方法、圧電素子および電子機器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2013227199A JP2013227199A JP2013060266A JP2013060266A JP2013227199A JP 2013227199 A JP2013227199 A JP 2013227199A JP 2013060266 A JP2013060266 A JP 2013060266A JP 2013060266 A JP2013060266 A JP 2013060266A JP 2013227199 A JP2013227199 A JP 2013227199A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- piezoelectric
- piezoelectric element
- piezoelectric ceramic
- electrode
- laminated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910008651 TiZr Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 40
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 27
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 18
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910021523 barium zirconate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- DQBAOWPVHRWLJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);dioxido(oxo)zirconium Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][Zr]([O-])=O DQBAOWPVHRWLJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- DJOYTAUERRJRAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(n-methyl-4-nitroanilino)acetonitrile Chemical compound N#CCN(C)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 DJOYTAUERRJRAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 8
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium titanate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GXUARMXARIJAFV-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium oxalate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O GXUARMXARIJAFV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229940094800 barium oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium oxalate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(i) oxide Chemical compound [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010897 surface acoustic wave method Methods 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007088 Archimedes method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002772 conduction electron Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940116318 copper carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;carbonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QYCVHILLJSYYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;oxalate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O QYCVHILLJSYYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005621 ferroelectricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940093474 manganese carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011656 manganese carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006748 manganese carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000016 manganese(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001651 Cyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWCLLHOVUTZFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl cyanoacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=C)C#N MWCLLHOVUTZFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004356 Ti Raw Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012612 commercial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- MIMDHDXOBDPUQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC MIMDHDXOBDPUQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012776 electronic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009768 microwave sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nobelium Chemical compound [No] ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003826 uniaxial pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/02—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by distortion, beating, or vibration of the surface to be cleaned
- B08B7/026—Using sound waves
- B08B7/028—Using ultrasounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
- B41J2/14201—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements
- B41J2/14209—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements of finger type, chamber walls consisting integrally of piezoelectric material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
- B41J2/14201—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements
- B41J2/14233—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements of film type, deformed by bending and disposed on a diaphragm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
- C04B35/465—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates
- C04B35/468—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
- C04B35/465—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates
- C04B35/468—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates
- C04B35/4682—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates based on BaTiO3 perovskite phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/49—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/6261—Milling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62695—Granulation or pelletising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0006—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means to keep optical surfaces clean, e.g. by preventing or removing dirt, stains, contamination, condensation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/64—Manufacture or treatment of solid state devices other than semiconductor devices, or of parts thereof, not peculiar to a single device provided for in groups H01L31/00 - H10K99/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/10—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing rotary motion, e.g. rotary motors
- H02N2/106—Langevin motors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/10—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing rotary motion, e.g. rotary motors
- H02N2/16—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing rotary motion, e.g. rotary motors using travelling waves, i.e. Rayleigh surface waves
- H02N2/163—Motors with ring stator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
- H04N23/66—Remote control of cameras or camera parts, e.g. by remote control devices
- H04N23/663—Remote control of cameras or camera parts, e.g. by remote control devices for controlling interchangeable camera parts based on electronic image sensor signals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/80—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
- H04N23/81—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof for suppressing or minimising disturbance in the image signal generation
- H04N23/811—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof for suppressing or minimising disturbance in the image signal generation by dust removal, e.g. from surfaces of the image sensor or processing of the image signal output by the electronic image sensor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/20—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators
- H10N30/204—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators using bending displacement, e.g. unimorph, bimorph or multimorph cantilever or membrane benders
- H10N30/2047—Membrane type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/50—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices having a stacked or multilayer structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
- H10N30/853—Ceramic compositions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
- H10N30/853—Ceramic compositions
- H10N30/8536—Alkaline earth metal based oxides, e.g. barium titanates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/87—Electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
- H10N30/871—Single-layered electrodes of multilayer piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices, e.g. internal electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/87—Electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
- H10N30/877—Conductive materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
- B41J2/14201—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements
- B41J2/14209—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements of finger type, chamber walls consisting integrally of piezoelectric material
- B41J2002/14217—Multi layer finger type piezoelectric element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2202/00—Embodiments of or processes related to ink-jet or thermal heads
- B41J2202/01—Embodiments of or processes related to ink-jet heads
- B41J2202/03—Specific materials used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3232—Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
- C04B2235/3234—Titanates, not containing zirconia
- C04B2235/3236—Alkaline earth titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3248—Zirconates or hafnates, e.g. zircon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3262—Manganese oxides, manganates, rhenium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. MnO
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3262—Manganese oxides, manganates, rhenium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. MnO
- C04B2235/3267—MnO2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3281—Copper oxides, cuprates or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. CuO or Cu2O
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3409—Boron oxide, borates, boric acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. borax
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
- C04B2235/449—Organic acids, e.g. EDTA, citrate, acetate, oxalate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5445—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof submicron sized, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5454—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof nanometer sized, i.e. below 100 nm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/77—Density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
- C04B2235/785—Submicron sized grains, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
- C04B2235/786—Micrometer sized grains, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/79—Non-stoichiometric products, e.g. perovskites (ABO3) with an A/B-ratio other than 1
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
- G02B7/04—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
- Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
- Lens Barrels (AREA)
- Camera Bodies And Camera Details Or Accessories (AREA)
- Structure And Mechanism Of Cameras (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】 上記課題を解決する本発明は、
一般式(1) :(Ba1−xCax)a(Ti1−yZry)O3 (0.100≦x≦0.145、0.010≦y≦0.039)で表わされるペロブスカイト型金属酸化物を含む主成分と、Mnよりなる第1副成分と、Cu、BおよびSiから選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む第2副成分とを有する圧電セラミックスであって、
前記金属酸化物1モルに対する前記Mnの含有量をbモルとしたときに、0.0048≦b≦0.0400であり、前記第2副成分の含有量が、前記金属酸化物100重量部に対して金属換算で0.001重量部以上4.000重量部以下であり、前記一般式(1)中の前記aの値が0.9925+b≦a≦1.0025+bである
【選択図】 図15
Description
一般式(1) :(Ba1−xCax)a(Ti1−yZry)O3(0.100≦x≦0.145、0.010≦y≦0.039)
で表わされるペロブスカイト型金属酸化物を含む主成分と、Mnよりなる第1副成分と、Cu、BおよびSiから選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む第2副成分とを有する圧電セラミックスであって、
前記金属酸化物1モルに対する前記Mnの含有量をbモルとしたときに、0.0048≦b≦0.0400であり、前記第2副成分の含有量が、前記金属酸化物100重量部に対して金属換算で0.001重量部以上4.000重量部以下であり、前記一般式(1)中の前記aの値が0.9925+b≦a≦1.0025+bであることを特徴とする圧電セラミックスである。
(Ba1−xCax)a(Ti1−yZry)O3 (0.100≦x≦0.145、0.010≦y≦0.039) ・・・・(1)
で表わされるペロブスカイト型金属酸化物を含む主成分と、Mnよりなる第1副成分と、Cu、BおよびSiから選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む第2副成分とを有する圧電セラミックスであって、前記金属酸化物1モルに対する前記Mnの含有量をbモルとしたときに、0.0048≦b≦0.0400であり、前記第2副成分の含有量が、前記金属酸化物100重量部に対して金属換算で0.001重量部以上4.000重量部以下であり、前記aの値が0.9925+b≦a≦1.0025+bであることを特徴とする。
本発明において、ペロブスカイト型金属酸化物とは、岩波理化学辞典 第5版(岩波書店 1998年2月20日発行)に記載されているような、理想的には立方晶構造であるペロブスカイト構造(ペロフスカイト構造とも言う)を持つ金属酸化物を指す。ペロブスカイト構造を持つ金属酸化物は一般にABO3の化学式で表現される。ペロブスカイト型金属酸化物において、元素A、Bは各々イオンの形でAサイト、Bサイトと呼ばれる単位格子の特定の位置を占める。例えば、立方晶系の単位格子であれば、A元素は立方体の頂点、B元素は体心に位置する。O元素は酸素の陰イオンとして立方体の面心位置を占める。
本発明に係る圧電セラミックスの組成を測定する手段は特に限定されない。手段としては、X線蛍光分析、ICP発光分光分析、原子吸光分析などが挙げられる。いずれの手段においても、前記圧電セラミックスに含まれる各元素の重量比およびモル比を算出できる。
本発明の圧電セラミックスは、−20℃から100℃において結晶構造相転移点(以下、相転移点と呼称することがある)を有さないことが好ましい。
本発明に係る圧電セラミックスは、前記圧電セラミックスを構成する複数の結晶粒の平均円相当径が1μm以上10μm以下であることが好ましい。平均円相当径をこの範囲にすることで、本発明の圧電セラミックスは、良好な圧電特性と機械的強度を有することが可能となる。平均円相当径が1μm未満であると、圧電特性が充分でなくなる恐れがある。一方で、10μmより大きくなると機械的強度が低下する恐れがある。より好ましい範囲としては1μm以上4.7μm以下である。
本発明の圧電セラミックスは、前記圧電セラミックスの相対密度が90%以上100%以下であることが好ましい。
以下本発明の圧電セラミックスの製造方法を述べる。
本発明に係る圧電セラミックスの製造方法は、Ba、Ca、Ti、Zr、Mnを含み、Cu、BおよびSiから選ばれる少なくとも1つの金属元素を含有する成形体を焼結する工程を有し、前記焼結の温度が1200℃以下であることを特徴とする。本願発明の圧電セラミックスの製造方法によると、以下に詳述されるように、Ag、Pd、Au、Cu、NiといったPt等の貴金属と比べて低融点かつ低コストである金属又はその合金を電極として付して焼成することも可能となり、工業生産上極めて有利である。
圧電セラミックスを製造する場合は、構成元素を含んだ酸化物、炭酸塩、硝酸塩、蓚酸塩などの固体粉末を常圧下で焼結する一般的な手法を採用することができる。原料としては、Ba化合物、Ca化合物、Ti化合物、Zr化合物、Mn化合物、Cu化合物、B化合物とSi化合物といった金属化合物から構成される。
成形体とは固体粉末を成形した固形物である。圧電セラミックスは成形体を焼成することで得られるが、成形体の成形方法としては、一軸加圧成形、冷間静水圧成形、温間静水圧成形、鋳込成形と押し出し成形を上げることができる。成形体を作製する際には、造粒粉を用いることが好ましい。造粒粉を用いた成形体を焼結すると、焼結体の結晶粒の大きさの分布が均一になり易いという利点がある。
本発明における成形体の焼結方法は特に限定されない。
図1は本発明の圧電素子の構成の一実施形態を示す概略図である。本発明に係る圧電素子は、第一の電極1、圧電セラミックス2および第二の電極3を少なくとも有する圧電素子であって、前記圧電セラミックス2が本発明の圧電セラミックスであることを特徴とする。
前記圧電素子は一定方向に分極軸が揃っているものであると、より好ましい。分極軸が一定方向に揃っていることで前記圧電素子の圧電定数は大きくなる。
前記圧電素子の圧電定数および機械的品質係数は、市販のインピーダンスアナライザーを用いて得られる共振周波数及び反共振周波数の測定結果から、日本電子材料工業会標準規格(JEITA EM−4501)に基づいて、計算により求めることができる。以下、この方法を共振−反共振法と呼ぶ。
次に、本発明の圧電セラミックスを用いた積層圧電素子について説明する。
次に、本発明の圧電セラミックスを用いた積層圧電素子の製造方法について説明する。
以下に本発明の圧電素子を用いた液体吐出ヘッドについて説明する。
次に、本発明の液体吐出装置について説明する。本発明の液体吐出装置は、記録媒体の搬送部と前記液体吐出ヘッドを備えたことを特徴とする。
本発明に係る超音波モータは、前記圧電素子または前記積層圧電素子を配した振動体と、前記振動体と接触する移動体とを少なくとも有することを特徴とする。
次に、本発明の光学機器について説明する。本発明の光学機器は、駆動部に前記超音波モータを備えたことを特徴とする。
粒子、粉体、液体の搬送、除去等で利用される振動装置は、電子機器等で広く使用されている。
次に、本発明の撮像装置について説明する。本発明の撮像装置は、前記塵埃除去装置と撮像素子ユニットとを少なくとも有する撮像装置であって、前記塵埃除去装置の前記振動板を前記撮像素子ユニットの受光面側に設けた事を特徴とする。図12および図13は本発明の撮像装置の好適な実施形態の一例であるデジタル一眼レフカメラを示す図である。
次に、本発明の電子機器について説明する。本発明の電子機器は、前記圧電素子または前記積層圧電素子を備えた圧電音響部品を配することを特徴とする。圧電音響部品にはスピーカ、ブザー、マイク、表面弾性波(SAW)素子が含まれる。
(実施例1)
(Ba1−xCax)a(Ti1−yZry)O3の一般式において、x=0.130、y=0.030、a=1.0111で表わすことができる組成((Ba0.870Ca0.130)1.0111(Ti0.970Zr0.030)O3)を以下のように秤量した。
実施例1と同様の工程で、ただし、Ba、Ca、Ti、Zrおよび第1副成分と第2副成分を表1に示す比率及び焼結時の最高温度Tmaxで圧電セラミックスを作製した。ただし、Cuの原料としては酸化銅(II)を用いた。
実施例1と同様の工程で、ただし、Ba、Ca、Ti、Zrおよび第1副成分と第2副成分を表1に示す比率で比較用のセラミックスを作製した。
(実施例1から38)
続いて、実施例1から38の圧電セラミックスを用いて圧電素子を作製した。
次に、比較例1から12の圧電セラミックスを用いて圧電素子を実施例1から38と同様の方法で作製した。
次に圧電素子の耐久性を確認するため、実施例1から13、比較例3を恒温槽に入れ、25℃→−20℃→50℃→25℃を1サイクルとした温度サイクルを100サイクル繰り返す、サイクル試験を行った。サイクル試験前後の圧電定数d31を評価し、圧電定数の変化率を表5にまとめた。
(実施例39)
(Ba1−xCax)a(Ti1−yZry)O3の一般式において、x=0.130、y=0.030、a=1.0111で表わすことができる組成((Ba0.870Ca0.130)1.0111(Ti0.970Zr0.030)O3)を以下のように秤量した。
実施例39と同様に積層圧電素子を作製した。ただし、主成分の原料として平均粒径100nmのチタン酸バリウム(堺化学工業製:BT−01)、平均粒径300nmのチタン酸カルシウム(堺化学工業製:CT−03)、平均粒径300nmのジルコン酸カルシウム(堺化学工業製:CZ−03)を用いた。また、AサイトにおけるBaとCaのモル量とBサイトにおけるTiとZrのモル量との比を示すaを調整するために蓚酸バリウムおよび蓚酸カルシウムを用いた。
実施例39と同様の工程で積層圧電素子を作製した。ただし、組成は比較例2と同様で、焼成温度は1200℃で、内部電極はAg95%−Pd5%合金(Ag/Pd=19)である。
比較例13と同様に積層圧電素子を作製した。ただし、内部電極はAg5%−Pd95%合金(Ag/Pd=0.05)である。
比較例13と同様に積層圧電素子を作製した。ただし、内部電極はAg70%−Pd30%合金(Ag/Pd=2.33)である。
実施例39と同様の手法で混合粉を作成した。得られた混合粉は回転させながら1000℃で大気中3時間仮焼を行い、仮焼粉を得た。ボールミルを用いて得られた仮焼粉を解砕した。得られた仮焼粉にPVBを加えて混合した後、ドクターブレード法によりシート形成して厚み50μmのグリーンシートを得た。上記グリーンシートに内部電極用の導電ペーストを印刷した。導電ペーストには、Niペーストを用いた。導電ペーストを塗布したグリーンシートを9枚積層して、その積層体を熱圧着した。
実施例1の圧電素子を用いて、図3に示される液体吐出ヘッドを作製した。入力した電気信号に追随したインクの吐出が確認された。
実施例42の液体吐出ヘッドを用いて、図4に示される液体吐出装置を作製した。入力した電気信号に追随したインクの吐出が記録媒体上に確認された。(実施例44)
実施例1の圧電素子を用いて、図6(a)に示される超音波モータを作製した。交番電圧の印加に応じたモータの回転挙動が確認された。
実施例44の超音波モータを用いて、図7に示される光学機器を作製した。交番電圧の印加に応じたオートフォーカス動作が確認された。
実施例1の圧電素子を用いて、図9に示される塵埃除去装置を作製した。プラスチック製ビーズを散布し、交番電圧を印加したところ、良好な塵埃除去率が確認された。
実施例44の塵埃除去装置を用いて、図12に示される撮像装置を作製した。動作させたところ、撮像ユニットの表面の塵を良好に除去し、塵欠陥の無い画像が得られた。
実施例40の積層圧電素子を用いて、図3に示される液体吐出ヘッドを作製した。入力した電気信号に追随したインクの吐出が確認された。
実施例48と同じ液体吐出ヘッドを用いて、図4に示される液体吐出装置を作製した。入力した電気信号に追随したインクの吐出が記録媒体上に確認された。(実施例50)
実施例40の積層圧電素子を用いて、図6(b)に示される超音波モータを作製した。交番電圧の印加に応じたモータの回転が確認された。
実施例50の超音波モータを用いて、図7に示される光学機器を作製した。交番電圧の印加に応じたオートフォーカス動作が確認された。
実施例40の積層圧電素子を用いて、図9に示される塵埃除去装置を作製した。プラスチック製ビーズを散布し、交番電圧を印加したところ、良好な塵埃除去率が確認された。
(実施例53)
実施例52と同じ塵埃除去装置を用いて、図12に示される撮像装置を作製した。動作させたところ、撮像ユニットの表面の塵を良好に除去し、塵欠陥の無い画像が得られた。
実施例40の積層圧電素子を用いて、図14に示される電子機器を作製した。交番電圧の印加に応じたスピーカ動作が確認された。
2 圧電セラミックス
3 第二の電極101 圧電素子
102 個別液室
103 振動板
104 液室隔壁
105 吐出口
106 連通孔
107 共通液室
108 バッファ層
1011 第一の電極
1012 圧電セラミックス
1013 第二の電極
201 振動子
202 ロータ
203 出力軸
204 振動子
205 ロータ
206 バネ
2011 弾性体リング
2012 圧電素子
2013 有機系接着剤
2041 金属弾性体
2042 積層圧電素子
310 塵埃除去装置
330 圧電素子
320 振動板
330 圧電素子
331 圧電セラミックス
332 第1の電極
333 第2の電極
336 第1の電極面
337 第2の電極面
310 塵埃除去装置
320 振動板
330 圧電素子
51 第一の電極
53 第二の電極
54 圧電セラミックス層
55 内部電極
501 第一の電極
503 第二の電極
504 圧電セラミックス層
505a 内部電極
505b 内部電極
506a 外部電極
506b 外部電極
601 カメラ本体
602 マウント部
605 ミラーボックス
606 メインミラー
200 シャッタユニット
300 本体シャーシ
400 撮像ユニット
701 前群レンズ
702 後群レンズ(フォーカスレンズ)
711 着脱マウント
712 固定筒
713 直進案内筒
714 前群鏡筒
715 カム環
716 後群鏡筒
717 カムローラ
718 軸ビス
719 ローラ
720 回転伝達環
722 コロ
724 マニュアルフォーカス環
725 超音波モータ
726 波ワッシャ
727 ボールレース
728 フォーカスキー
729 接合部材
732 ワッシャ
733 低摩擦シート
881 液体吐出装置
882 外装
883 外装
884 外装
885 外装
887 外装
890 回復部
891 記録部
892 キャリッジ
896 装置本体
897 自動給送部
898 排出口
899 搬送部
901 光学装置
908 レリーズボタン
909 ストロボ発光部
912 スピーカ
914 マイク
916 補助光部
931 本体
932 ズームレバー
933 電源ボタン
Claims (18)
- 一般式(1) :(Ba1−xCax)a(Ti1−yZry)O3 (0.100≦x≦0.145、0.010≦y≦0.039)
で表わされるペロブスカイト型金属酸化物を含む主成分と、Mnよりなる第1副成分と、Cu、BおよびSiから選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む第2副成分とを有する圧電セラミックスであって、
前記金属酸化物1モルに対する前記Mnの含有量をbモルとしたときに、0.0048≦b≦0.0400であり、前記第2副成分の含有量が、前記金属酸化物100重量部に対して金属換算で0.001重量部以上4.000重量部以下であり、前記一般式(1)中の前記aの値が0.9925+b≦a≦1.0025+bであることを特徴とする圧電セラミックス。 - 前記圧電セラミックスを構成する複数の結晶粒の平均円相当径が1μm以上10μm以下であり、かつ円相当径が25μm以下である結晶粒が99個数パーセント以上含まれることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の圧電セラミックス。
- 前記圧電セラミックスの相対密度が90%以上100%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の圧電セラミックス。
- 請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項記載の圧電セラミックスの製造方法であって、Ba、Ca、Ti、Zr、Mnを含み、かつCu、BおよびSiから選ばれる少なくとも1つの金属元素を含有する成形体を焼結する工程を有し、前記焼結の温度が1200℃以下であることを特徴とする圧電セラミックスの製造方法。
- 圧電セラミックスと第一の電極と第二の電極を少なくとも有する圧電素子であって、前記圧電セラミックスが請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の圧電セラミックスであることを特徴とする圧電素子。
- 圧電セラミックス層と、内部電極を含む電極層とが交互に積層された積層圧電素子であって、前記圧電セラミックス層が請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の圧電セラミックスよりなることを特徴とする積層圧電素子。
- 前記内部電極がAgとPdを含み、前記Agの含有重量M1と前記Pdの含有重量M2との重量比M1/M2が0.25≦M1/M2≦8.0であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の積層圧電素子。
- 前記内部電極がNiおよびCuの少なくともいずれか1種を含むことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の積層圧電素子。
- 請求項6乃至8のいずれかに記載の積層圧電素子の製造方法であって、少なくともBa、Ca、Ti、ZrおよびMnを含んだ金属化合物粉体を分散させたスラリーを得る工程(A)と、前記スラリーから成形体を得る工程(B)と、前記成形体に電極を形成する工程(C)と前記金属化合物を含む成形体と前記電極とが交互に積層された成形体を焼結して、積層圧電素子を得る工程(D)とを有し、前記工程(D)における焼結温度が1200℃以下であることを特徴とする積層圧電素子の製造方法。
- 前記スラリーがBaおよびCaの少なくとも一方と、TiおよびZrの少なくとも一方を含むペロブスカイト型金属酸化物を含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の積層圧電素子の製造方法。
- 請求項5に記載の圧電素子または請求項6乃至8のいずれかに記載の積層圧電素子を配した振動部を備えた液室と、前記液室と連通する吐出口を少なくとも有することを特徴とする液体吐出ヘッド。
- 記録媒体の搬送部と請求項11に記載の液体吐出ヘッドを備えたことを特徴とする液体吐出装置。
- 請求項5に記載の圧電素子または請求項6乃至8のいずれかに記載の積層圧電素子を配した振動体と、前記振動体と接触する移動体とを少なくとも有する超音波モータ。
- 駆動部に請求項13に記載の超音波モータを備えたことを特徴とする光学機器。
- 請求項5に記載の圧電素子または請求項6乃至8のいずれかに記載の積層圧電素子を振動板に配した振動体を有することを特徴とする振動装置。
- 請求項15記載の振動装置を備えたことを特徴とする塵埃除去装置。
- 請求項16に記載の塵埃除去装置と撮像素子ユニットとを少なくとも有する撮像装置であって、前記塵埃除去装置の前記振動板を前記撮像素子ユニットの受光面側に設けたことを特徴とする撮像装置。
- 請求項5に記載の圧電素子または請求項6乃至8に記載の積層圧電素子を備えた圧電音響部品を配したことを特徴とする電子機器。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013060266A JP6202845B2 (ja) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-22 | 圧電セラミックス、圧電セラミックスの製造方法、圧電素子および電子機器 |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012082686 | 2012-03-30 | ||
JP2012082686 | 2012-03-30 | ||
JP2013060266A JP6202845B2 (ja) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-22 | 圧電セラミックス、圧電セラミックスの製造方法、圧電素子および電子機器 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2013227199A true JP2013227199A (ja) | 2013-11-07 |
JP6202845B2 JP6202845B2 (ja) | 2017-09-27 |
Family
ID=48190569
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013060266A Active JP6202845B2 (ja) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-22 | 圧電セラミックス、圧電セラミックスの製造方法、圧電素子および電子機器 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9660175B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2812293B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6202845B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101679494B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN104271533A (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI557093B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013147107A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2015208214A (ja) * | 2014-04-07 | 2015-11-19 | キヤノン株式会社 | 振動波駆動装置および光学機器 |
JP2016006860A (ja) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-01-14 | キヤノン株式会社 | 圧電材料、圧電素子、圧電素子の製造方法、および電子機器 |
JP2016006858A (ja) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-01-14 | キヤノン株式会社 | 圧電材料、圧電素子、圧電素子の製造方法、および電子機器 |
JP2016006859A (ja) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-01-14 | キヤノン株式会社 | 圧電材料、圧電素子、および電子機器 |
JP2017019717A (ja) * | 2014-03-07 | 2017-01-26 | キヤノン株式会社 | 圧電セラミックス、圧電素子、圧電音響部品および電子機器 |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9520549B2 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2016-12-13 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Piezoelectric material, piezoelectric element, and electronic apparatus |
US20160351789A1 (en) * | 2014-01-29 | 2016-12-01 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Piezoelectric ceramic, method for producing the same, piezoelectric element, multilayer piezoelectric element, liquid ejection head, liquid ejecting apparatus, ultrasonic motor, optical device, vibrating apparatus, dust-removing apparatus, imaging apparatus, and electronic device |
KR101715767B1 (ko) | 2015-02-10 | 2017-03-14 | 범진전자 주식회사 | 압전 스피커용 압전 소자 |
CN105732029A (zh) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-07-06 | 陕西师范大学 | 一种玻璃相掺杂的锆钛酸钡钙基无铅压电陶瓷材料及其低温烧结制备工艺 |
US10868232B2 (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2020-12-15 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Piezoelectric material, manufacturing method for piezoelectric material, piezoelectric element, vibration wave motor, optical equipment, and electronic device |
DE112018003429B4 (de) * | 2017-11-09 | 2023-01-12 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Piezoelektrisches Bauteil, Sensor und Aktor |
JP2019089223A (ja) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-06-13 | エスアイアイ・プリンテック株式会社 | 液体噴射ヘッドおよび液体噴射記録装置 |
CN108284054B (zh) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-06-25 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | 一种压电陶瓷超声线性相控阵列换能器及其制备方法 |
JP7025694B2 (ja) * | 2018-01-31 | 2022-02-25 | Tdk株式会社 | 誘電体磁器組成物、電子部品および積層セラミックコンデンサ |
CN112321317B (zh) * | 2020-11-05 | 2022-04-01 | 南京工业大学 | 一种多孔氧化硅压电陶瓷膜制备方法 |
CN116573936B (zh) * | 2023-07-12 | 2023-09-12 | 西南民族大学 | 一种阴离子改性的压电陶瓷及其制备方法 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6287456A (ja) * | 1985-10-11 | 1987-04-21 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 誘電体磁器用セラミツク組成物 |
JP2004238251A (ja) * | 2003-02-06 | 2004-08-26 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 誘電体磁器組成物、及びセラミック電子部品 |
JP2010120835A (ja) * | 2008-10-20 | 2010-06-03 | Tdk Corp | 圧電磁器、振動子及び超音波モータ |
JP2011132121A (ja) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-07-07 | Canon Inc | 圧電セラミックス、その製造方法、圧電素子、液体吐出ヘッドおよび超音波モータ |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4988468A (en) | 1987-01-08 | 1991-01-29 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Method for producing non-reducible dielectric ceramic composition |
US5210455A (en) | 1990-07-26 | 1993-05-11 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Piezoelectric/electrostrictive actuator having ceramic substrate having recess defining thin-walled portion |
KR100514575B1 (ko) | 2001-04-12 | 2005-09-13 | 티디케이가부시기가이샤 | 적층 세라믹 전자 부품의 제조 방법 |
JP2004187384A (ja) | 2002-12-02 | 2004-07-02 | Nsk Ltd | 振動アクチュエータ |
TW200838805A (en) | 2007-02-20 | 2008-10-01 | Nippon Chemical Ind | Amorphous fine-particle powder, process for production thereof and perovskite-type barium titanate powder made by using the same |
KR100886652B1 (ko) | 2007-07-10 | 2009-03-04 | 충주대학교 산학협력단 | 압전재료 조성물 및 압전소자 |
JP5344456B2 (ja) | 2008-03-11 | 2013-11-20 | 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 | 非鉛系圧電材料 |
JP5531863B2 (ja) | 2010-08-31 | 2014-06-25 | Tdk株式会社 | 誘電体磁器組成物およびセラミック電子部品 |
US9515249B2 (en) | 2011-07-05 | 2016-12-06 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Piezoelectric material |
CN103650323B (zh) * | 2011-07-05 | 2017-11-03 | 佳能株式会社 | 压电元件、多层压电元件、排液头、排液装置、超声波马达、光学装置和电子装置 |
JP5979992B2 (ja) * | 2011-07-05 | 2016-08-31 | キヤノン株式会社 | 圧電材料 |
-
2013
- 2013-03-21 WO PCT/JP2013/059422 patent/WO2013147107A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-03-21 US US14/388,717 patent/US9660175B2/en active Active
- 2013-03-21 CN CN201380024609.6A patent/CN104271533A/zh active Pending
- 2013-03-21 EP EP13718916.3A patent/EP2812293B1/en active Active
- 2013-03-21 KR KR1020147029596A patent/KR101679494B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-03-22 JP JP2013060266A patent/JP6202845B2/ja active Active
- 2013-03-27 TW TW102110906A patent/TWI557093B/zh active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6287456A (ja) * | 1985-10-11 | 1987-04-21 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 誘電体磁器用セラミツク組成物 |
JP2004238251A (ja) * | 2003-02-06 | 2004-08-26 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 誘電体磁器組成物、及びセラミック電子部品 |
JP2010120835A (ja) * | 2008-10-20 | 2010-06-03 | Tdk Corp | 圧電磁器、振動子及び超音波モータ |
JP2011132121A (ja) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-07-07 | Canon Inc | 圧電セラミックス、その製造方法、圧電素子、液体吐出ヘッドおよび超音波モータ |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2017019717A (ja) * | 2014-03-07 | 2017-01-26 | キヤノン株式会社 | 圧電セラミックス、圧電素子、圧電音響部品および電子機器 |
JP2015208214A (ja) * | 2014-04-07 | 2015-11-19 | キヤノン株式会社 | 振動波駆動装置および光学機器 |
JP2016006860A (ja) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-01-14 | キヤノン株式会社 | 圧電材料、圧電素子、圧電素子の製造方法、および電子機器 |
JP2016006858A (ja) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-01-14 | キヤノン株式会社 | 圧電材料、圧電素子、圧電素子の製造方法、および電子機器 |
JP2016006859A (ja) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-01-14 | キヤノン株式会社 | 圧電材料、圧電素子、および電子機器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2812293B1 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
KR20140143197A (ko) | 2014-12-15 |
EP2812293A1 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
JP6202845B2 (ja) | 2017-09-27 |
CN104271533A (zh) | 2015-01-07 |
WO2013147107A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
US20150053885A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
KR101679494B1 (ko) | 2016-11-24 |
US9660175B2 (en) | 2017-05-23 |
TW201341338A (zh) | 2013-10-16 |
TWI557093B (zh) | 2016-11-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6567115B2 (ja) | 圧電素子、積層圧電素子、液体吐出ヘッド、液体吐出装置、超音波モータ、光学機器および電子機器 | |
JP6202845B2 (ja) | 圧電セラミックス、圧電セラミックスの製造方法、圧電素子および電子機器 | |
JP6108934B2 (ja) | 圧電セラミックス、圧電素子、超音波モータおよび塵埃除去装置 | |
JP6249669B2 (ja) | 圧電材料、圧電素子、および電子機器 | |
US9022534B2 (en) | Piezoelectric material, piezoelectric element, liquid discharge head, ultrasonic motor, and dust removing device | |
JP5960305B2 (ja) | 圧電セラミックス、その製造方法、圧電素子、積層圧電素子、液体吐出ヘッド、液体吐出装置、超音波モータ、光学機器、振動装置、塵埃除去装置、撮像装置および電子機器 | |
JP6362458B2 (ja) | 圧電材料、圧電素子、および電子機器 | |
JP6137888B2 (ja) | 圧電材料、圧電素子、および電子機器 | |
JP6271950B2 (ja) | 圧電材料、圧電素子、および電子機器 | |
JP6249717B2 (ja) | 圧電材料、圧電素子、および電子機器 | |
JP6180234B2 (ja) | 圧電材料、圧電素子、および電子機器 | |
JP6380888B2 (ja) | 圧電材料、圧電素子、積層圧電素子、液体吐出ヘッド、液体吐出装置、超音波モータ、光学機器、振動装置、塵埃除去装置、撮像装置、および電子機器 | |
JP5911618B2 (ja) | 圧電材料、圧電素子、および電子機器 | |
JP6271949B2 (ja) | 圧電材料、圧電素子および電子機器 | |
JP6362459B2 (ja) | 圧電材料、圧電素子、および電子機器 | |
JP6312424B2 (ja) | 圧電材料、圧電素子、および電子機器 | |
JP2015135957A (ja) | 圧電素子、積層圧電素子、液体吐出装置、超音波モータ | |
JP6562713B2 (ja) | 圧電材料、圧電素子、圧電素子の製造方法、および電子機器 | |
JP2015135958A (ja) | 圧電材料、圧電素子、および電子機器 | |
JP2016006858A (ja) | 圧電材料、圧電素子、圧電素子の製造方法、および電子機器 | |
JP2016006859A (ja) | 圧電材料、圧電素子、および電子機器 | |
JP2016197718A (ja) | 圧電材料、圧電材料の製造方法、圧電素子および電子機器 | |
JP2015134707A (ja) | 圧電材料、圧電素子および電子機器 | |
JP2019140393A (ja) | 圧電セラミックス、圧電セラミックスの製造方法、圧電素子、振動装置および電子機器 | |
JP2014062035A (ja) | 圧電材料、圧電素子、および電子機器 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20160318 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20161216 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20161220 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20170217 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20170314 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20170801 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20170829 |
|
R151 | Written notification of patent or utility model registration |
Ref document number: 6202845 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R151 |