JP2013008481A - 耐熱絶縁層付セパレータ - Google Patents
耐熱絶縁層付セパレータ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013008481A JP2013008481A JP2011138983A JP2011138983A JP2013008481A JP 2013008481 A JP2013008481 A JP 2013008481A JP 2011138983 A JP2011138983 A JP 2011138983A JP 2011138983 A JP2011138983 A JP 2011138983A JP 2013008481 A JP2013008481 A JP 2013008481A
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- Prior art keywords
- heat
- separator
- resistant insulating
- insulating layer
- battery
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Abstract
【解決手段】樹脂多孔質基体と、前記樹脂多孔質基体の両面に形成された、融点または熱軟化点が150℃以上である耐熱粒子を含む耐熱絶縁層とを備えた電気デバイス用の耐熱絶縁層付セパレータであって、下記数式1で表されるパラメータXが、0.15以上である、耐熱絶縁層付セパレータである。
式中、A’およびA”は前記樹脂多孔質基体の両面に形成された各耐熱絶縁層の厚み(μm)であり、この際、A’≧A”であり、Cは前記耐熱絶縁層付セパレータの総厚み(μm)である。
【選択図】なし
Description
図1は、本発明の代表的な一実施形態である、平板積層型(扁平型)のリチウムイオン二次電池(以下、単に「積層型電池」ともいう)の全体構造を模式的に表した断面概略図である。
活物質層13または15は活物質を含み、必要に応じてその他の添加剤をさらに含む。
集電体11、12は導電性材料から構成される。集電体の大きさは、電池の使用用途に応じて決定される。例えば、高エネルギー密度が要求される大型の電池に用いられるのであれば、面積の大きな集電体が用いられる。本実施形態のリチウムイオン電池は、好ましくは大型の電池であり、用いられる集電体の大きさは、例えば長辺が100mm以上であり、好ましくは100mm×100mm以上であり、より好ましくは200mm×200mm以上である。集電体の厚さについても特に制限はない。集電体の厚さは、通常は1〜100μm程度である。集電体の形状についても特に制限されない。図1に示す積層型電池10では、集電箔のほか、網目形状(エキスパンドグリッド等)等を用いることができる。
電解質層17は、基材としての本実施形態のセパレータの面方向中央部に電解質が保持されてなる構成を有する。本実施形態のセパレータを用いることで、積層時の端部のカールの発生を抑制することができるため、信頼性の高い電池を安定的に製造することができる。
本実施形態では、セパレータとして、樹脂多孔質基体と、前記樹脂多孔質基体の両面に形成された、融点または熱軟化点が150℃以上である耐熱粒子を含む耐熱絶縁層とを備えた電気デバイス用の耐熱絶縁層付セパレータであって、下記数式1で表されるパラメータXが、0.15以上である、耐熱絶縁層付セパレータを用いることを特徴とする。
樹脂多孔質基体としては、例えば、上記電解液を吸収保持する有機樹脂を含む多孔性シート、織布または不織布を挙げることができる。好ましくは、前記多孔性シートは微多孔質のポリマーで構成される微多孔質膜である。このようなポリマーとしては、例えば、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)などのポリオレフィン;PP/PE/PPの3層構造をした積層体、ポリイミド、アラミドなどが挙げられる。特に、ポリオレフィン系微多孔質膜は、有機溶媒に対して化学的に安定であるという性質があり、電解液との反応性を低く抑えることができることから好ましい。
本実施形態では、耐熱絶縁層を構成する耐熱粒子の材質としては、融点または熱軟化点が150℃以上、好ましくは240℃以上である、耐熱性の高いものを用いる。このような耐熱性の高い材質を用いることで、電池内部温度が200℃前後に達してもセパレータの収縮を有効に防止することができる。その結果、電池の電極間ショートの誘発を防ぐことができるため、温度上昇による性能低下が起こりにくい電池が得られうる。
本実施形態のセパレータの製造方法は特に制限されないが、例えば、樹脂多孔質基体の両面に、融点または熱軟化点が150℃以上である耐熱粒子を含有する、スラリー状の耐熱絶縁層形成用組成物を塗布した後、乾燥する方法が用いられうる。
本実施形態のセパレータに染み込ませることのできる電解液としては、電解質として、LiClO4、LiAsF6、LiPF5、LiBOB、LiCF3SO3およびLi(CF3SO2)2の少なくとも1種類を用い、溶媒として、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、ジメチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネート、1,2−ジメトキシエタン、1,2−ジエトキシエタン、テトラヒドロフラン、1,3−ジオキソランおよびγ−ブチルラクトンよりなるエーテル類から少なくとも1種類を用い、前記電解質を前記溶媒に溶解させることにより、電解質の濃度が0.5〜2Mに調整されているものであるが、本発明はこれらに何ら制限されるべきものではない。
本発明のゲル電解質層では、本実施形態のセパレータにゲル電解質を含浸、塗布などにより保持させてなるものである。
電池外部に電流を取り出す目的で、集電板を用いてもよい。集電板は集電体やリードに電気的に接続され、電池外装材であるラミネートシートの外部に取り出される。
電池外装材29としては、公知の金属缶ケースを用いることができるほか、発電要素を覆うことができる、アルミニウムを含むラミネートフィルムを用いた袋状のケースが用いられうる。該ラミネートフィルムには、例えば、PP、アルミニウム、ナイロンをこの順に積層してなる3層構造のラミネートフィルム等を用いることができるが、これらに何ら制限されるものではない。高出力化や冷却性能に優れ、EV、HEV用の大型機器用電池に好適に利用することができるという観点から、ラミネートフィルムが望ましい。
きる。
図4は、平板積層型リチウムイオン二次電池の外観を表した斜視図である。
樹脂多孔質基体であるポリエチレン(PE)微多孔膜(膜厚18.9μm、空隙率42%)の両面に耐熱絶縁層用組成物であるアルミノシリケート微粒子(平均二次粒子径1μm、融点>1000℃)の水分散体(固形分濃度40質量%)をブレードコータにより塗布した。その後、温風乾燥して、耐熱絶縁層を形成し、耐熱絶縁層付セパレータを作製した。この耐熱絶縁層付セパレータは、幅200mmで、ロール状に形成した。
実施例1と同様の手法で、下記表1に示す樹脂多孔質基体、耐熱絶縁層を有するセパレータを作製した。
耐熱絶縁層を樹脂多孔質基体の片面に塗布したことを除いては実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製した。
各実施例および比較例で作製したセパレータのカール高さを以下の手順で測定した。ロール巻き出し先端から図5に示すようにセパレータを略正方形となるように切り出し、除電ブラシにて2度なでて静電気を除去した。その後、図5のA〜Hの8箇所の60秒後の計測水平面の浮き上がりを測定し、その最大値をカール高さ(mm)とした。丸く巻きこんだ場合には、巻いた部分をほどいて上方に伸ばし、その高さを測定値とした。
正極集電体としてアルミニウム箔を、負極集電体として銅箔をそれぞれ準備した。正極活物質としてコバルトニッケルマンガン酸リチウム(LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2)を用いて正極活物質スラリーを調製した。一方、負極活物質として人造黒鉛を用いて負極活物質スラリーを調製した。正極活物質スラリー、および負極活物質スラリーを、それぞれ正極集電体であるアルミ箔、および負極集電体である銅箔に塗工し、乾燥させた後ロールプレスして正極および負極を作製した。上記で作製した正極、負極の間に各実施例、比較例で作製したセパレータを挟み、非水電解液としてエチレンカーボネート:エチルメチルカーボネート=1:2(体積比)の混合溶媒に、溶質としてLiPF6を濃度1.0ml/Lとなるように溶解させて調製したものを注入し、ラミネート封止して評価用電池を作製した。
2 樹脂多孔質基体、
3 耐熱絶縁層、
4 正極、
5 負極、
10 リチウムイオン二次電池(積層型電池)、
11 正極集電体、
12 負極集電体、
13 正極活物質層、
15 負極活物質層、
17 電解質層、
19 単電池層、
21 発電要素、
25 正極集電板、
27 負極集電板、
29 電池外装材(ラミネートフィルム)、
A’、A” 耐熱絶縁層の厚み、
C 耐熱絶縁層付セパレータの総厚み。
Claims (6)
- 樹脂多孔質基体と、前記樹脂多孔質基体の両面に形成された、融点または熱軟化点が150℃以上である耐熱粒子を含む耐熱絶縁層とを備えた電気デバイス用の耐熱絶縁層付セパレータであって、下記数式1で表されるパラメータXが、0.15以上である、耐熱絶縁層付セパレータ:
- 下記数式2で表されるパラメータYが0.3〜0.7の範囲である、請求項1に記載の耐熱絶縁層付セパレータ:
- 前記パラメータXが、0.20以上である、請求項1または2に記載の耐熱絶縁層付セパレータ。
- 前記耐熱粒子が、無機酸化物の粒子である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の耐熱絶縁層付セパレータ。
- 前記耐熱粒子が、有機樹脂の粒子である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の耐熱絶縁層付セパレータ。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の耐熱絶縁層付セパレータを含む、電気デバイス。
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US20140113176A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
US9312527B2 (en) | 2016-04-12 |
RU2562970C2 (ru) | 2015-09-10 |
BR112013032308A2 (pt) | 2016-12-20 |
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KR20140039305A (ko) | 2014-04-01 |
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CN103608948B (zh) | 2016-04-13 |
MY161020A (en) | 2017-03-31 |
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