JP2011516689A - バルク重合方法 - Google Patents
バルク重合方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2011516689A JP2011516689A JP2011504107A JP2011504107A JP2011516689A JP 2011516689 A JP2011516689 A JP 2011516689A JP 2011504107 A JP2011504107 A JP 2011504107A JP 2011504107 A JP2011504107 A JP 2011504107A JP 2011516689 A JP2011516689 A JP 2011516689A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- dicyclopentadiene
- lanthanide
- polymerization
- monomer
- conjugated diene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 title description 23
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000002601 lanthanoid compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)=C SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CJSBUWDGPXGFGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(C)=CC=C CJSBUWDGPXGFGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- GUOAPVPPPVLIQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldicyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1=CC2CC1C1C2C(C)C(C)=C1 GUOAPVPPPVLIQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- APPOKADJQUIAHP-GGWOSOGESA-N (2e,4e)-hexa-2,4-diene Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C\C APPOKADJQUIAHP-GGWOSOGESA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BOGRNZQRTNVZCZ-AATRIKPKSA-N (3e)-3-methylpenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound C\C=C(/C)C=C BOGRNZQRTNVZCZ-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AHAREKHAZNPPMI-AATRIKPKSA-N (3e)-hexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC\C=C\C=C AHAREKHAZNPPMI-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- STDXPWQTVGDGKE-NELGMTEASA-N diethyldicyclopentadiene Chemical compound C([C@H]1C=C2CC)[C@H]2C2C1C=C(CC)C2 STDXPWQTVGDGKE-NELGMTEASA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
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- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003193 cis-1,4-polybutadiene polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 4
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)Cl UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C2C3CC=CC3C1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
Description
式中,xは1〜約100,好適には約10〜約50の整数であり,yは2〜約100,好適には約3〜約20の整数であり,各R1は,同一でも異なってもよく,炭素原子を介してアルミニウム原子に結合する一価の有機基である。各R1は,限定されるものではないが,アルキル,シクロアルキル,置換シクロアルキル,アルケニル,シクロアルケニル,置換シクロアルケニル,アリール,置換アリール,アラルキル,アルカリール,アリル及びアルキニル基などのヒドロカルビル基であってもよく,各基が1炭素原子から又は当該基を形成するのに適切な最小数の炭素原子から,約20炭素原子までを含むことが好ましい。これらのヒドロカルビル基は,限定されるものではないが,窒素,酸素,ホウ素,ケイ素,硫黄,及びリン原子などのヘテロ原子を含むことができる。本願で使用するアルミノキサンのモル数は,オリゴマー状アルミノキサン分子のモル数ではなく,アルミニウム原子のモル数をいうことに注意すべきである。この慣行は,アルミノキサンを使用する触媒の技術分野において,一般に採用されている。
重合反応器は、高粘度の重合体セメントを混合可能な機械式撹拌装置(シャフト及びブレード)を備える1ガロンのステンレス鋼製円筒体を含む。反応器の頂部に,重合の間中反応器内で1,3−ブタジエン蒸気を運搬,凝縮及び再循環するため,還流冷却器系を接続した。また,上記反応器に,冷却水流を含む冷却ジャケットを設置した。重合熱を,部分的には還流冷却器系を用いた内的冷却で,また、部分的には冷却ジャケットへの熱伝達を通じた外的冷却により消散させた。
触媒成分の添加前に1,3−ブタジエン単量体へ0.05Mジシクロペンタジエンのヘキサン溶液5.0mLを添加した以外は,例1に記載した重合実験を繰り返した。凝固した重合体の同定データを表1に示す。
本実験を行うため,ファウスク・アンド・アソシエーツ社から購入したベント・サイジング・パッケージ(VSP)熱量計を,暴走重合を行うために使用した。VSPユニットは,磁石式撹拌棒を備えた円筒状の容積116ミリリットルのステンレス鋼製試験セルを収容しており,重合反応器として機能する。試験セルの頂部は圧力センサー及び熱電対と接続されており,圧力及び温度の上昇を監視する。試験セルを高圧ボンベ内に断熱条件下で封入した。窒素で換気し,1,3−ブタジエン単量体37.6g及びヘキサン1.4mLを投入した。1,3−ブタジエン単量体を32℃へ加熱した。ガラス瓶内で,22.0重量%1,3−ブタジエンのヘキサン溶液0.16mLに0.68Mトリイソブチルアルミニウム(TIBA)0.84mLを混ぜ,続いて0.054Mネオジム(III)ベルサテート(NdV3)のヘキサン溶液0.13mLを添加した。0.074Mエチルアルミニウムジクロリド(EADC)のヘキサン溶液0.14mL添加後に,触媒の形成が完了した。1,3−ブタジエン単量体を含有する試験セル中にシリンジを介して触媒溶液を投入し,温度及び圧力を重合の間ずっと監視した。
試験セルに、ヘキサン1.4mLの代わりに0.015Mジシクロペンタジエンのヘキサン溶液1.4mLを添加した以外は,例3に記載した重合実験を繰り返した。触媒溶液を試験セル中に投入すると,図2に示すように,温度は急加速的に100℃を超え,その後146℃で安定する。試験セル内の温度及び圧力は,続く2時間上昇しなかった。試験セルを冷却すると,重合は再び開始しなかった。例3及び4で得られた結果の比較から,ジシクロペンタジエンの存在により,温度及び圧力の急上昇が阻止され,それにより暴走重合条件が回避されたことが示唆される。
本実験においては,ブタジエンスルホンを調べた。触媒構成要素の添加前に,ブタジエンスルホン0.029グラム(0.25mmol)を1,3−ブタジエン単量体に添加した以外は,例1に記載した重合実験を繰り返した。ブタジエンスルホンの存在下では重合反応が起こらず、このことは,ブタジエンスルホンが触媒を被毒したことを示す。ブタジエンスルホンは,通常の重合条件下で不活性ではないため,本発明の有用な暴走重合阻害剤ではない。
本実験においては,ヘキサカルボニルクロムを調べた。触媒構成要素の添加前に,ヘキサカルボニルクロム0.0015グラム(0.007mmol)を1,3−ブタジエン単量体へ添加した以外は,例3に記載した重合実験を繰り返した。触媒溶液を試験セル中に投入すると,図3に示すように,温度は急加速的に100℃を超えた。約250℃に達すると,重合は暴走条件下になり,圧力が急上昇して試験セルを破裂するまで、重合が急速に加速した。それゆえ,ヘキサカルボニルクロムは1,3−ブタジエンの暴走バルク重合の適切な阻害剤ではない。
本実験においては,グルタル酸を調べた。触媒構成要素の添加前に,グルタル酸0.0028グラム(0.021mmol)を1,3−ブタジエン単量体へ添加した以外は,例3に記載した重合実験を繰り返した。触媒溶液を試験セル中に投入すると,図4に示すように,温度は急加速的に100℃を超えた。約250℃に達すると,重合は暴走条件下になり,圧力が急上昇して試験セルを破裂するまで、重合が急速に加速した。それゆえ,グルタル酸は1,3−ブタジエンの暴走バルク重合の適切な阻害剤ではない。
本実験においては,リンゴ酸と炭酸カルシウムの混合物を調べた。触媒構成要素の添加前に,リンゴ酸0.0028グラム(0.021mmol)と炭酸カルシウム0.0021グラム(0.021mmol)を1,3−ブタジエン単量体へ添加した以外は,例3に記載した重合実験を繰り返した。触媒溶液を試験セル中に投入すると,図5に示すように,温度は急加速的に100℃を超えた。約250℃に達すると,重合は暴走条件下になり,圧力が急上昇して試験セルを破裂するまで、重合が急速に加速した。それゆえ,リンゴ酸と炭酸カルシウムの混合物は1,3−ブタジエンの暴走バルク重合の適切な阻害剤ではない。
Claims (15)
- 共役ジエン単量体,ランタニド系触媒系,ジシクロペンタジエン又は置換ジシクロペンタジエン及び任意に有機溶剤を含む液相重合混合物内で,共役ジエン単量体を重合する工程を含み、但し,前記有機溶剤が存在する場合,該有機溶剤は前記重合混合物の総重量の約20重量%未満である、共役ジエン単量体をポリジエンに重合する方法。
- (i)共役ジエン単量体,ランタニド系触媒系,ジシクロペンタジエン又は置換ジシクロペンタジエン及び任意に有機溶剤を反応器中に導入して,該有機溶剤を当該液相重合混合物の総重量の20重量%未満含む液相重合混合物を形成する工程と,
(ii)前記ランタニド系触媒系及び前記ジシクロペンタジエン又は置換ジシクロペンタジエンの存在下,前記液相重合混合物内で前記単量体を重合させて,ポリジエンを形成する工程と
を含む、ポリジエンの製造方法。 - (i)ランタニド系触媒系と,
(ii)共役ジエン単量体と,
(iii)ポリジエンと,
(iv)ジシクロペンタジエン又は置換ジシクロペンタジエンと
を含む組成物であって,
前記組成物の総重量の約20重量%未満の有機溶剤を含むことを条件とする、組成物。 - 前記共役ジエンが,1,3−ブタジエン,イソプレン,1,3−ペンタジエン,1,3−ヘキサジエン,2,3−ジメチル−1,3−ブタジエン,2−エチル−1,3−ブタジエン,2−メチル−1,3−ペンタジエン,3−メチル−1,3−ペンタジエン,4−メチル−1,3−ペンタジエン,2,4−ヘキサジエンもしくはそれらの混合物を含む請求項1又は2に記載の方法又は請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 前記ランタニド系触媒系を,(a)ランタニド化合物,(b)アルキル化剤,及び(c)ハロゲン含有化合物を組み合わせることによって形成する請求項1又は2に記載の方法又は請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 前記ランタニド化合物がネオジム化合物である請求項5に記載の方法又は組成物。
- 前記ランタニド化合物の量が,共役ジエン単量体100gあたり約0.001〜約2mmolである請求項6に記載の方法又は組成物。
- 前記ジシクロペンタジエン又は置換ジシクロペンタジエンとランタニド化合物とのモル比が少なくとも0.1:1である請求項5に記載の方法又は組成物。
- 前記ジシクロペンタジエン又は置換ジシクロペンタジエンとランタニド化合物とのモル比が少なくとも0.1:1であり,5:1未満である請求項5に記載の方法又は組成物。
- 前記重合混合物が,ジシクロペンタジエン,ジメチルジシクロペンタジエン,ジエチルジシクロペンタジエン,ジシクロヘキシルジシクロペンタジエン及びジフェニルジシクロペンタジエンからなる群から選択される化合物を含む請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記重合混合物がジシクロペンタジエンを含む請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記重合混合物を約80℃未満に保持する請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記反応器が気相内に共役ジエン単量体を含み,前記気相中の共役ジエン単量体の少なくとも一部を液相へ凝縮することによって,前記重合混合物の温度を所望の温度に保持する請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記単量体の少なくとも一部及び前記ポリジエンの少なくとも一部を前記反応器から除去する工程を更に含む請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が連続的であり、それによって,前記共役ジエン単量体,前記ランタニド系触媒系,ジシクロペンタジエン又は置換ジシクロペンタジエン及び任意に前記有機溶剤を連続的に前記反応器に加え,前記単量体の少なくとも一部及び前記ポリジエンの少なくとも一部を前記反応器から連続的に除去する請求項2に記載の方法。
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BRPI0911164A2 (pt) | 2016-10-04 |
US8163855B2 (en) | 2012-04-24 |
JP5666425B2 (ja) | 2015-02-12 |
CN105175632A (zh) | 2015-12-23 |
RU2505553C2 (ru) | 2014-01-27 |
KR20110007167A (ko) | 2011-01-21 |
US7807763B2 (en) | 2010-10-05 |
BRPI0911164B1 (pt) | 2019-03-06 |
EP2265649B1 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
KR101627876B1 (ko) | 2016-06-07 |
ES2620386T3 (es) | 2017-06-28 |
WO2009126567A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
RU2010145156A (ru) | 2012-05-20 |
EP2265649A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
US20090253869A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
US20110046327A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
ZA201007102B (en) | 2011-08-31 |
CN102056951A (zh) | 2011-05-11 |
KR20160038077A (ko) | 2016-04-06 |
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