JP2010540530A - ヒト胎盤灌流液由来の血管形成細胞 - Google Patents
ヒト胎盤灌流液由来の血管形成細胞 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
ACTG2,ADARB1,AMIGO2,ATRS−1,B4GALT6,BCHE,C11orf9,CD200,COL4A1,COL4A2,CPA4,DMD,DSC3,DSG2,ELOVL2,F2RL1,FLJ10781,GATA6,GPR126,GPRC5B,ICAM1,IER3,IGFBP7,IL1A,IL6,IL18,KRT18,KRT8,LIPG,LRAP,MATN2,MEST,NFE2L3,NUAK1,PCDH7,PDLIM3,PJP2,RTN1,SERPINB9,ST3GAL6,ST6GALNAC5,SLC12A8,TCF21,TGFB2,VTN,及びZC3H12Aからなる群より選択され、前記骨髄由来幹細胞は前記胎盤幹細胞の多くの継代と同等の多くの継代培養を受けている。
本明細書で用いられるように、「SH2」という用語はCD105マーカー上のエピトープに結合する抗体を指す。従って、SH2+と称される細胞はCD105+である。
本明細書で提供されるのは、胎盤灌流液から血管細胞又は血管形成細胞を生成する方法及びそのような細胞の使用並びに、心臓又は血管不全、疾患、障害若しくは病状を有する患者の処置における、胎盤灌流液又は胎盤灌流液細胞、例えば、胎盤灌流液由来の全有核細胞の単独或いはCD34+胎盤細胞(例えば、CD34+胎盤内皮前駆細胞)及び/又は付着胎盤幹細胞、例えば、下記の「5.3 付着胎盤幹細胞」に述べられている付着胎盤幹細胞と組み合わせた使用である。より具体的な実施形態では、前記疾患、障害又は病状は、末梢血管疾患、急性若しくは慢性心筋梗塞、心筋症、鬱血性若しくは慢性心不全、心血管虚血、肺高血圧疾患、末梢動脈疾患又はリウマチ性心疾患である。
本明細書で提供されるのは哺乳動物胎盤から胎盤灌流液及び胎盤灌流液細胞を得る方法である。本明細書で述べられるすべての実施形態では、好ましい灌流液はヒト胎盤灌流液であり、好ましい灌流液細胞はヒト胎盤灌流液細胞である。
一般的に、ヒト胎盤は分娩後のその排出直後に回収される。好ましい実施形態では、胎盤は、説明と同意後及び胎盤と関連する患者の完全な既往歴が得られた後に患者から回収される。好ましくは、既往歴は出産後継続する。そのような既往歴は胎盤又は胎盤から回収される幹細胞のその後の使用を調整するために用いられ得る。例えば、ヒト胎盤幹細胞は、既往歴に照らして胎盤と関連する乳幼児又は乳幼児の両親、兄弟姉妹若しくは他の血縁者のための個別化医療のために用いられ得る。
例えば、Hariri,米国出願公開第2002/0123141号及び、2006年12月28日に出願され、発明の名称が「Improved Composition for Collecting and Preserving Organs」である米国出願第11/648,812号に哺乳動物胎盤を灌流する方法が開示されている。
灌流液は、任意の生理学的に許容可能な溶液、例えば、食塩水、培地又はより複雑な細胞回収組成物による胎盤の灌流によって胎盤から回収され得る。細胞回収組成物は関連米国出願公開第2007/0190042号に詳細に述べられており、共にその全体を参照して本明細書に組み込まれる。
胎盤灌流液は細胞の異質な回収を含む。通常、胎盤灌流液は使用前に赤血球を欠失している。そのような欠失は赤血球を有核血球から分離する公知の方法により行われ得る。ある実施形態では、灌流液又は灌流細胞は凍結保存される。一部の他の実施形態では、胎盤灌流液又は灌流液細胞は胎児細胞のみ又は胎児細胞と母親細胞との組合せを含む。
哺乳動物胎盤由来細胞、例えば、灌流液細胞又は灌流液由来幹細胞は、最初にフィコール勾配遠心分離により他の細胞から精製(即ち、単離)され得る。そのような遠心分離は遠心速度などの任意の標準プロトコルに従い得る。一実施形態では、例えば、胎盤から回収される細胞は室温で15分間、5000xgでの遠心分離によって灌流液から回収され、これは細胞を、例えば、汚染細片及び血小板から分離する。別の実施形態では、胎盤灌流液は約200mlに濃縮され、フィコール上に穏やかに層状にされ、22℃で20分間、約1100xgにて遠心分離され、細胞の低密度界面層が更なる処理のために回収される。
付着胎盤幹細胞は、組織培養基質に付着し、且つ非胎盤細胞型に分化する能力を有する、胎盤又はその一部から得られる幹細胞である。付着胎盤幹細胞は起源が胎児又は母親であり得る(即ち、母親又は胎児の遺伝子型を有し得る)。付着胎盤幹細胞の集団若しくは胎盤幹細胞を含む細胞の集団は、起源が専ら胎児若しくは母親である胎盤幹細胞を含み得、又は胎児及び母親起源の胎盤幹細胞の混合集団を含み得る。胎盤幹細胞及び胎盤幹細胞を含む細胞の集団は、下述の形態、マーカー及び培養特徴により特定及び選択され得る。本明細書で述べられる組成物及び方法において使用可能な付着胎盤幹細胞並びにそのような細胞を得て培養する方法は、米国特許第7,045,148号;第7,255,879号;第7,311,904号及び第7,311,905号;並びに米国出願公開第2007/0275362号及び第2008/0032401号に詳細に述べられており、その開示内容はその全体を参照して本明細書により組み込まれる。
本明細書で提供される組成物及び方法において使用可能な付着胎盤幹細胞は、初代培養又は細胞培養にて培養されると、組織培養基質、例えば、組織培養容器表面(例えば、組織培養プラスチック)に付着する。培養液中の付着胎盤幹細胞は概して線維芽細胞様の星状外観を呈し、多くの細胞質突起(cyotplasmic process)が細胞体中央部から伸長している。しかし、付着胎盤幹細胞は同じ条件下で培養される線維芽細胞と形態学的に識別可能である。それは、付着胎盤幹細胞が線維芽細胞より多数のそのような突起を示すためである。形態学的に、付着胎盤幹細胞は、培養時に概してより丸く、又は丸石様形態を呈する造血幹細胞とも識別可能である。
単離付着胎盤幹細胞及び付着胎盤幹細胞集団は、幹細胞又は幹細胞を含む細胞集団を特定し、且つ/或いは単離するために用いられ得る複数のマーカーを発現する。付着胎盤幹細胞及び幹細胞集団(即ち、2個又はそれ以上の胎盤幹細胞)は、胎盤又はその任意の一部(例えば、羊膜、絨毛膜、胎盤葉、臍帯など)から直接得られる幹細胞及び幹細胞含有細胞集団を含む。
(5.4.1 培地)
単離胎盤細胞、例えば、灌流液細胞又はそれから得られる細胞、例えば、胎盤幹細胞若しくは胎盤幹細胞集団又は胎盤幹細胞が生じる細胞若しくは胎盤組織は、細胞培養を開始し、又は細胞培養に播種するために用いられ得る。一般的に、細胞は細胞外マトリクス又はリガンド、例えば、ラミニン、コラーゲン(例えば、天然又は変性)、ゼラチン、フィブロネクチン、オルニチン、ビトロネクチン及び細胞外膜蛋白質(例えば、MATRIGEL(BD Discovery Labware社、マサチューセッツ州ベッドフォード(Bedford))でコーティングされていない、又はコーティングされた滅菌組織培養容器に移される。
単離胎盤細胞、例えば、灌流液若しくは灌流液細胞若しくは幹細胞又はそのような細胞の単離集団(例えば、幹細胞又は幹細胞集団が通常インビボにて関連する胎盤細胞の少なくとも約50%から分離される幹細胞又は幹細胞集団)は、インビトロにて増殖及び拡大され得る。例えば、胎盤細胞集団は、細胞が70〜90%コンフルエンスまで増殖するのに十分な時間、即ち、細胞及びそれらの子孫が組織培養容器の培養表面領域の70〜90%を占めるまで組織培養容器、例えば、皿、フラスコ、マルチウェルプレートなどにて培養され得る。
胎盤灌流液又は胎盤灌流液細胞は、付着胎盤幹細胞、CD34+胎盤細胞(例えば、CD34+胎盤内皮前駆細胞)、胎盤以外の供給源(例えば、臍帯血、胎盤血、末梢血、骨髄など)由来のCD34+細胞、幹細胞ではない胎盤細胞又は胎盤細胞でない細胞が補充され得る。
胎盤灌流液及び胎盤灌流液細胞は細胞バンクに保存され得る。好ましい実施形態では、胎盤灌流液又は灌流液細胞はヒト灌流液又は灌流液細胞である。灌流液又は灌流液細胞はユニット、例えば、単一胎盤又は単一胎盤の単一灌流から回収される全灌流液又は細胞にて保存され得る。複数の灌流又は複数の胎盤由来の灌流液又は灌流液細胞はユニットに組み合わせられ得る。
胎盤灌流液、胎盤灌流液細胞並びに胎盤灌流液又は胎盤灌流液細胞と付着胎盤幹細胞及び/又はCD34+胎盤細胞との組合せは保存され、即ち、長期保存を可能にする条件又は、例えば、アポトーシス若しくはネクローシスによる細胞死を阻害する条件下に置かれ得る。
(5.7.1 胎盤細胞集団)
本明細書で提供されるのは、心臓又は血管疾患、障害若しくは不全を有する患者を処置する方法であり、該方法は、胎盤灌流液、胎盤灌流液細胞、例えば、胎盤灌流液由来の全有核細胞及びそのような細胞の他の細胞、例えば、内皮前駆細胞、造血幹細胞若しくは臍帯血との組合せを含む胎盤細胞集団を、前記患者に投与するステップを含む。本明細書で用いられるように、「処置する」は、心臓又は血管疾患、障害、病状若しくは不全又はその任意のパラメータ若しくは症状の治癒、修復、改善、重症度の軽減又は経時変化の低下を包含する。種々の実施形態において、前記疾患、障害、病状又は不全は末梢血管疾患、急性若しくは慢性心筋梗塞、心筋症、鬱血性若しくは慢性心不全、心血管虚血、肺高血圧疾患、末梢動脈疾患又はリウマチ性心疾患である。
本明細書で提供されるのは、胎盤灌流液若しくは灌流液細胞又はこれらに由来する生体分子を含み、或いはこれに由来する組成物である。胎盤灌流液又は灌流液細胞は、例えば、研究又は治療学に用いる任意の生理的に許容可能又は医学的に許容可能な化合物、組成物又はデバイスと組み合わせられ得る。
本明細書で述べられる胎盤灌流液又は灌流液細胞は保存され、例えば、後の使用のために凍結保存され得る。幹細胞のような細胞の凍結保存の方法は当分野において周知である。胎盤幹細胞集団は患者に容易に投与され得る形態にて調製され得る。例えば、本明細書で提供されるのは、医学的用途に適した容器内に含まれる胎盤幹細胞集団である。そのような容器は、例えば、胎盤幹細胞集団が容易に分配され得る滅菌プラスチックバッグ、フラスコ、ジャー又は他の容器でよい。例えば、容器は血液バッグ又はレシピエントへの液体の静脈内投与に適した他のプラスチック製の医学的に許容可能なバッグでよい。好ましくは、容器は組み合わせた幹細胞集団の凍結保存を可能にする容器である。
胎盤灌流液又は胎盤灌流液細胞はインビボでの使用のために医薬組成物に製剤化され得る。そのような医薬組成物は、インビボ投与のために医薬的に許容可能な担体、例えば、食塩水又は他の許容される生理的に許容可能な溶液中の胎盤灌流液又は胎盤灌流液細胞を含む。本明細書で提供される医薬組成物は胎盤灌流液又は胎盤灌流液細胞の任意の実施形態を含み得る。医薬組成物は胎児、母親或いは胎児及び母親胎盤細胞を含み得る。本明細書で提供される医薬組成物は、単一の患者若しくは胎盤又は複数の患者若しくは胎盤から得られる胎盤細胞を更に含み得る。
例えば、付着胎盤幹細胞を伴う胎盤灌流液、胎盤灌流液細胞、CD34+胎盤細胞又はそれらの組合せは、馴化培地、即ち、灌流液又は細胞によって分泌又は排出される1つ又はそれ以上の生体分子を含む培地を作製するために用いられ得る。種々の実施形態において、馴化培地は胎盤細胞が少なくとも1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14日間又はそれ以上の日数、増殖した培地を含む。他の実施形態では、馴化培地は胎盤細胞が少なくとも約30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%コンフルエンス又は最大100%コンフルエンスまで増殖した培地を含む。そのような馴化培地は、胎盤細胞又は別の種類の細胞、例えば、幹細胞の別個の集団の培養を支持するために用いられ得る。別の実施形態では、馴化培地は胎盤幹細胞が成熟細胞型に分化させられた培地を含む。別の実施形態では、馴化培地は胎盤灌流液細胞及び非胎盤幹細胞が培養された培地を含む。
本明細書で更に提供されるのは、胎盤灌流液又は胎盤灌流液細胞を含むマトリクス、ヒドロゲル、足場などである。
哺乳動物胎盤細胞は、増殖促進蛋白質の生成及び/又は活性が外部因子によって調節可能であるように、増殖促進遺伝子、即ち、適切な条件下でトランスフェクトされた細胞の増殖を促進する蛋白質をコードする遺伝子を含む、任意の好適なベクターによるトランスフェクションによって条件的に不死化され得る。好ましい実施形態では、増殖促進遺伝子は、限定されないが、v−myc、N−myc、c−myc、p53、SV40ラージT抗原、ポリオーマラージT抗原、E1aアデノウイルス又はヒトパピローマウイルスのE7蛋白質のような癌遺伝子である。
胎盤灌流液又は胎盤灌流液細胞は、幹細胞増殖、拡大及び/又は分化に対する培養条件、環境要因、分子(例えば、生体分子、無機低分子等)などの影響を、そのような条件に晒されない胎盤灌流液又は胎盤灌流液細胞と比べて判定するために、アッセイにて用いられ得る。
以下の実施例は例示のために示されるものであって、決して限定するものであると理解してはならない。特許文献、非特許文献又はその他の文献であろうと、本明細書で引用されるすべての文献はあらゆることを目的として参照して本明細書により組み込まれる。
「5.2 胎盤灌流液及び灌流液細胞を得る方法」に上述されたように得られた胎盤灌流液から赤血球を消失させ、様々な単核細胞型のパーセントを求めるために分析した。表1は同定された細胞型を詳述している。
本実施例は、骨組織の形成に示されるように、ヒト胎盤灌流液細胞が齧歯類モデルに投与されると、血管系の形成を引き起こすことを実証する。
皮下足場移植:6週齢(試験開始時)雄Hsd:RH−Foxn1rnu無胸腺ラットに足場を移植した。被験群に対して5×106細胞/mLにてHPPを受動的に吸着された円径5mmの足場(Vitoss Bone Graft Substitute,Orthovita社)をラットに移植した。対照群にはVitossのみを移植した。ラットに麻酔をかけ、群により背部、腹部又は大腿部に移植片を皮下に入れた。手術後第21日目及び42日目にCO2窒息により選択ラットを安楽死処分した。移植片を回収し、10%標準緩衝ホルマリンに入れた。パラフィンに包埋した後、免疫蛍光染色のために5μm切片を処理した。
HPPを投与される動物における内因的血管形成の増進:aSMAに対する陽性免疫染色及び内皮細胞におけるCD34の欠如により、レシピエントに対する移植細胞のパラクリン作用による増進した血管形成を確認した。より初期の時点(21日)(n=2)において対照群より多くの血管新生を認め、これらの新血管における特異的なヒト内皮細胞マーカーのエビデンスはなかったが、血管に近接する一部の細胞はCD34に対して染色された(図7)。より後期の時点(42日)において増進した血管形成を認めたが、21日時点に対してより低い程度であり、HPP群において陽性CD34細胞を認めなかった(図8)。
Claims (27)
- 胎盤灌流液細胞の集団から血管を形成する方法であって、前記細胞の集団を血管の形成を促進する条件に接触させるステップを含む方法。
- 前記胎盤灌流液細胞の集団が胎盤灌流液由来の全有核細胞である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記接触が、前記細胞をVEGF(50〜200ng/mL)、TGF−β(1〜5ng/mL)、FGF(10〜50ng/mL)及び1つ又はそれ以上のマトリクスメタロプロテアーゼ(各々1〜3Unit/mL)に接触させるステップを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記接触がインビトロにて行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記接触がインビボにて行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記胎盤灌流液細胞の集団が、単一の胎盤の灌流から単離される胎盤灌流液細胞を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記胎盤灌流液細胞がCD34+細胞である、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34+細胞がCD34+CD45−細胞である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34+細胞又はCD34+CD45−細胞が、CD31、CXCR4又はVEGFRの少なくとも1つを、臍帯血由来の同等数のCD34+細胞より高いレベルで発現する、請求項6又は7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記胎盤灌流液細胞の集団が、前記灌流液から単離されない単離CD34+細胞を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34+細胞が胎盤から単離される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34+細胞が、臍帯血、胎盤血、末梢血又は骨髄から単離される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34+細胞が、CD31、CXCR4又はVEGFRを臍帯血由来の同等数のCD34+細胞より高いレベルで発現する、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34+細胞がCD34+,CD45−細胞である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 心臓又は血管疾患、障害、病状若しくは不全を有する患者を処置する方法であって、前記疾患、障害、病状又は不全を処置するのに十分な量にてヒト胎盤灌流液又はヒト胎盤灌流液細胞を前記患者に投与するステップを含む方法。
- 前記疾患、障害、病状又は不全が、末梢血管疾患、急性若しくは慢性心筋梗塞、心筋症、鬱血性若しくは慢性心不全、心血管虚血、肺高血圧疾患、末梢動脈疾患又はリウマチ性心疾患である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記胎盤灌流液細胞が胎盤灌流液由来の全有核細胞である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記胎盤灌流液細胞の集団が、単一の胎盤の灌流から単離される胎盤灌流液細胞を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記胎盤灌流液細胞がCD34+細胞である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34+細胞がCD34+CD45−細胞である、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34+細胞又はCD34+CD45−細胞が、CD31、CXCR4又はVEGFRの少なくとも1つを臍帯血由来の同等数のCD34+細胞より高いレベルで発現する、請求項19又は20に記載の方法。
- 前記胎盤灌流液細胞の集団が、前記灌流液から単離されない単離CD34+細胞を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34+細胞が胎盤から単離される、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34+細胞が、臍帯血、胎盤血、末梢血又は骨髄から単離される、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34+細胞が、CD31、CXCR4又はVEGFRを臍帯血由来の同等数のCD34+細胞より高いレベルで発現する、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記胎盤灌流液細胞が足場又はマトリクス上にて投与される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記胎盤灌流液細胞が静脈内投与される、請求項15に記載の方法。
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