JP2010282031A - ネガ型感放射線性組成物、硬化パターン形成方法及び硬化パターン - Google Patents
ネガ型感放射線性組成物、硬化パターン形成方法及び硬化パターン Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010282031A JP2010282031A JP2009135552A JP2009135552A JP2010282031A JP 2010282031 A JP2010282031 A JP 2010282031A JP 2009135552 A JP2009135552 A JP 2009135552A JP 2009135552 A JP2009135552 A JP 2009135552A JP 2010282031 A JP2010282031 A JP 2010282031A
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- FAYMLNNRGCYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M triphenylsulfonium triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.C1=CC=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FAYMLNNRGCYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- NBAPKCYEEBMZDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropoxy-(2-tripropoxysilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC NBAPKCYEEBMZDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMAKWPVRMIUZBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropoxy-(3-tripropoxysilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)C1=CC=CC([Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC)=C1 YMAKWPVRMIUZBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PITXUFPLSLHXRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-[4-[tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]silyl]phenyl]silane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O[Si](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)C1=CC=C([Si](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)OC(C)(C)C)C=C1 PITXUFPLSLHXRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJJZQRNPNLTSNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-[tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]silylmethyl]silane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O[Si](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)C[Si](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)OC(C)(C)C QJJZQRNPNLTSNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJIHPVLPZKWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-propan-2-ylsilane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O[Si](C(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)OC(C)(C)C MJIHPVLPZKWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIZPPYBTFPZSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-propylsilane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)OC(C)(C)C DIZPPYBTFPZSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMUJIPOFTAHSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)O XMUJIPOFTAHSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
そして、近年、より均一な膜厚を有する層間絶縁膜を形成することを目的として、SOG(Spin on Glass)膜と呼ばれるテトラアルコキシシランの加水分解生成物を主成分とする塗布型の絶縁膜も使用されるようになっている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。また、半導体素子等の高集積化に伴い、有機SOGと呼ばれるポリオルガノシロキサンを主成分とする低比誘電率の層間絶縁膜の開発も行なわれている(例えば、特許文献2及び3参照)。
そして、最後にマスク材料層から層間絶縁膜層にパターンが転写された後、マスク材料層が除去されて層間絶縁膜が形成される。このように、一般に行われている層間絶縁膜の加工・形成は、非常に手間がかかり、非常に効率の悪いプロセスとなっているため、改善方法が求められている。
[1](A)下記一般式(1)で表される有機ケイ素化合物(a1)と、下記一般式(2)で表される有機ケイ素化合物(a2)と、を含む加水分解性シラン化合物を加水分解縮合させて得られるポリシロキサンと、
(B)感放射線性酸発生剤と、
(C)溶剤と、
(D)酸拡散抑制剤と、を含有することを特徴とするネガ型感放射線性組成物。
[2]前記加水分解性シラン化合物が、更に、下記一般式(3)で表される有機ケイ素化合物(a3)を含む前記[1]に記載のネガ型感放射線性組成物。
[3]前記加水分解性シラン化合物が、更に、下記一般式(4)で表される有機ケイ素化合物(a4)を含んでおり、
且つ、該有機ケイ素化合物(a4)の含有量が、前記有機ケイ素化合物(a1)100質量部に対して、5〜50質量部である前記[1]又は[2]に記載のネガ型感放射線性組成物。
[4]前記[1]乃至[3]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感放射線性組成物を基板に塗布し、塗膜を形成する工程(i)と、
前記工程(i)により得られた塗膜をベークする工程(ii)と、
前記工程(ii)により得られた膜を露光する工程(iii)と、
前記工程(iii)により得られた、露光された膜をベークする工程(iv)と、
前記工程(iv)により得られた膜を現像液で現像し、ネガ型パターンを形成する工程(v)と、
前記工程(v)により得られたネガ型パターンに、エネルギー線照射及び加熱のうちの少なくとも一方の硬化処理を施し、硬化パターンを形成する工程(vi)と、を備えることを特徴とする硬化パターン形成方法。
[5]前記工程(vi)における硬化処理が、エネルギー線照射処理である前記[4]に記載の硬化パターン形成方法。
[6]前記[4]又は[5]に記載の硬化パターン形成方法によって得られたことを特徴とする硬化パターン。
[1]ネガ型感放射線性組成物
本発明のネガ型感放射線性組成物は、(A)ポリシロキサン(以下、「ポリシロキサン(A)」という。)と、(B)感放射線性酸発生剤(以下、「酸発生剤(B)」ともいう。)と、(C)溶剤(以下、「溶剤(C)」ともいう。)と、(D)酸拡散抑制剤(以下、「酸拡散抑制剤(D)」ともいう。)と、を含有する。
前記ポリシロキサン(A)は、下記一般式(1)で表される有機ケイ素化合物(以下、「化合物(a1)」ともいう。)と、下記一般式(2)で表される有機ケイ素化合物(以下、「化合物(a2)」ともいう。)と、を含む加水分解性シラン化合物を加水分解縮合させて得られたものである。
前記一般式(1)のR1及びR5におけるアルコキシル基としては、例えば、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、n−プロポキシ基、i−プロポキシ基、n−ブトキシ基、2−メチルプロポキシ基、1−メチルプロポキシ基、t−ブトキシ基、n−ペンチルオキシ基、ネオペンチルオキシ基、n−ヘキシルオキシ基、n−ヘプチルオキシ基、n−オクチルオキシ基、2−エチルヘキシルオキシ基、n−ノニルオキシ基、n−デシルオキシ基等を挙げることができる。
また、前記R1及びR5における炭素数1〜5の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基等が挙げられる。尚、これらのアルキル基における1又は2以上の水素原子は、フッ素原子等に置換されていてもよい。
更に、前記R1及びR5におけるシアノアルキル基としては、シアノエチル基、シアノプロピル基等が挙げられる。
また、前記R1及びR5におけるアルキルカルボニルオキシ基としては、メチルカルボニルオキシ基、エチルカルボニルオキシ基、プロピルカルボニルオキシ基、ブチルカルボニルオキシ基等が挙げられる。
尚、R1及びR5は同一であってもよいし、異なっていてもよい。
前記アルキル基としては、炭素数1〜5の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキル基が挙げられる。具体的には、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基等が挙げられる。尚、これらのアルキル基における1又は2以上の水素原子は、フッ素原子等に置換されていてもよい。
前記アルコキシル基としては、炭素数1〜10の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルコキシル基が挙げられる。具体的には、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、n−プロポキシ基、i−プロポキシ基、n−ブトキシ基、2−メチルプロポキシ基、1−メチルプロポキシ基、t−ブトキシ基、n−ペンチルオキシ基、ネオペンチルオキシ基、n−ヘキシルオキシ基、n−ヘプチルオキシ基、n−オクチルオキシ基、2−エチルヘキシルオキシ基、n−ノニルオキシ基、n−デシルオキシ基等が挙げられる。
前記アリール基としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基、メチルフェニル基、エチルフェニル基、クロロフェニル基、ブロモフェニル基、フルオロフェニル基等が挙げられる。これらのなかでも、フェニル基が好ましい。
前記その他の芳香族含有炭化水素基としては、ベンジル基、フェニチル基等が挙げられる。
前記アルケニル基としては、ビニル基、1−プロペニル基、2−プロペニル基(アリル基)、3−ブテニル基、3−ペンテニル基、3−ヘキセニル基等が挙げられる。
尚、R2及びR4は同一であってもよいし、異なっていてもよい。また、R2及びR4が複数存在する場合(即ち、前記mが2〜20の整数である場合)、複数のR2、及び複数のR4は、それぞれ、同一であってもよいし、異なっていてもよい。
また、R3における炭素数2〜10のアルキレン基としては、例えば、エチレン基、プロピレン基、ブチレン基等が挙げられる。
尚、R3が複数存在する場合(例えば、bが2又は3である場合や、mが2〜20の整数である場合)、各R3は、同一であってもよいし、異なっていてもよい。また、mが1である場合、R3は単結合ではない。
また、前記mは、1〜20の整数であり、好ましくは2〜10、更に好ましくは2である。
前記一般式(2)のR6における「炭素数1〜5の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキル基」、「シアノアルキル基」及び「アルキルカルボニルオキシ基」については、それぞれ、前記一般式(1)のR1における「炭素数1〜5の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキル基」、「シアノアルキル基」及び「アルキルカルボニルオキシ基」の説明をそのまま適用することができる。また、一般式(2)のR6における「芳香族含有炭化水素基」については、一般式(1)のR2における1価の有機基の「アリール基」及び「その他の芳香族含有炭化水素基」の説明をそのまま適用することができる。尚、R6が複数存在する場合(即ち、前記dが2又は3である場合)、各R6は全て同一であってもよいし、全て又は一部が異なっていてもよい。
前記アルキル基としては、炭素数1〜5の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキル基が挙げられる。具体的には、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基等が挙げられる。尚、これらのアルキル基における1又は2以上の水素原子は、フッ素原子等に置換されていてもよい。
前記アリール基としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基、メチルフェニル基、エチルフェニル基、クロロフェニル基、ブロモフェニル基、フルオロフェニル基等が挙げられる。これらのなかでも、フェニル基が好ましい。
前記アルケニル基としては、ビニル基、1−プロペニル基、2−プロペニル基(アリル基)、3−ブテニル基、3−ペンテニル基、3−ヘキセニル基等が挙げられる。
尚、前記R7が複数存在する場合(即ち、前記dが1又は2である場合)、各R7は全て同一であってもよいし、全て又は一部が異なっていてもよい。
尚、前記一般式(2)で表される化合物(a2)は、1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
前記ポリシロキサン(A)を得るための前記加水分解性シラン化合物は、前記化合物(a1)及び(a2)のみを含んでもいてもよいし、必要に応じて、下記一般式(3)で表わされる有機ケイ素化合物(以下、「化合物(a3)」ともいう。)を更に含んでいてもよい。
尚、前記一般式(3)で表される化合物(a3)は、1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
前記加水分解性シラン化合物は、必要に応じて、下記一般式(4)で表わされる有機ケイ素化合物(以下、「化合物(a4)」ともいう。)を更に含んでいてもよい。
これらのなかでも、テトラメトキシシラン、テトラエトキシシランが好ましい。
尚、前記一般式(4)で表される化合物(a4)は、1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
前記ポリシロキサン(A)における、前記化合物(a1)由来の構造単位の含有割合は、ポリシロキサン(A)に含まれる全ての構造単位の合計を100モル%とした場合に、5〜50モル%であることが好ましく、より好ましくは5〜30、更に好ましくは5〜20モル%である。この含有割合が5〜50モル%である場合には、定在波が発生しにくい矩形のパターンが得られ、且つ、高弾性率の硬化パターンを得ることができる。
また、前記化合物(a2)由来の構造単位の含有割合は、ポリシロキサン(A)に含まれる全ての構造単位の合計を100モル%とした場合に、5〜95モル%であることが好ましく、より好ましくは20〜90、更に好ましくは30〜90モル%である。この含有割合が5〜95モル%である場合には、リソパターンを形成する際、現像液に対する未露光部のネガ型感放射線性組成物の溶解性がよく、且つ露光部のパターンが剥がれにくいため好ましい。
更に、前記化合物(a1)由来の構造単位及び化合物(a2)由来の構造単位の合計は、ポリシロキサン(A)に含まれる全ての構造単位の合計を100モル%とした場合に、50〜100モル%であることが好ましく、より好ましくは70〜100モル%、更に好ましくは90〜100モル%である。
尚、前記Mwは、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定されたポリスチレン換算値である。
前記ポリシロキサン(A)は、加水分解性シラン化合物、即ち、前記化合物(a1)〜(a4)を出発原料として、この出発原料を有機溶媒中に溶解し、この溶液中に水を断続的に或いは連続的に添加して、加水分解縮合反応させることにより製造することができる。このとき、触媒を用いてもよい。この触媒は、予め、有機溶媒中に溶解又は分散させておいてもよく、添加される水中に溶解又は分散させておいてもよい。また、加水分解縮合反応を行うための温度は、通常、0℃〜100℃である。
前記金属キレート化合物としては、例えば、チタンキレート化合物、ジルコニウムキレート化合物、アルミニウムキレート化合物等が挙げられる。具体的には、特開2000−356854号公報等に記載されている化合物等を用いることができる。
前記有機酸としては、例えば、酢酸、プロピオン酸、ブタン酸、ペンタン酸、ヘキサン酸、ヘプタン酸、オクタン酸、ノナン酸、デカン酸、シュウ酸、マレイン酸、メチルマロン酸、アジピン酸、セバシン酸、没食子酸、酪酸、メリット酸、アラキドン酸、ミキミ酸、2−エチルヘキサン酸、オレイン酸、ステアリン酸、リノール酸、リノレイン酸、サリチル酸、安息香酸、p−アミノ安息香酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸、ベンゼンスルホン酸、モノクロロ酢酸、ジクロロ酢酸、トリクロロ酢酸、トリフルオロ酢酸、ギ酸、マロン酸、スルホン酸、フタル酸、フマル酸、クエン酸、酒石酸等が挙げられる。
前記無機酸としては、例えば、塩酸、硝酸、硫酸、フッ酸、リン酸等が挙げられる。
前記無機塩基としては、例えば、アンモニア、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化バリウム、水酸化カルシウム等が挙げられる。
また、こられの触媒は、1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
反応副生成物の除去処理の方法としては、加水分解物及び/又はその縮合物の反応が進行しない方法であれば特に限定されず、反応副生成物の沸点が前記有機溶媒の沸点より低いものである場合には、減圧によって留去することができる。
前記酸発生剤(B)は、露光により酸を発生するものであり、露光により発生した酸の作用によって、樹脂成分が架橋し、その結果レジスト被膜の露光部がアルカリ現像液に難溶性となり、ネガ型のレジストパターンを形成する作用を有するものである。
この酸発生剤(B)としては、例えば、スルホニウム塩やヨードニウム塩等のオニウム塩、有機ハロゲン化合物、ジスルホン類やジアゾメタンスルホン類等のスルホン化合物等が挙げられる。
前記溶剤(C)は、通常、有機溶剤であり、アルコール系溶剤、ケトン系溶剤、アミド系溶剤、エーテル系溶剤、エステル系溶剤、脂肪族炭化水素系溶剤、芳香族系溶剤、含ハロゲン溶剤等が挙げられる。
本発明のネガ型感放射線性組成物においては、前記ポリシロキサン(A)、酸発生剤(B)、後述する酸拡散抑制剤(D)等の成分が、この溶剤(C)に溶解又は分散されて含まれている。
前記モノアルコール系溶剤としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、n−プロパノール、イソプロパノール、n−ブタノール、イソブタノール、sec−ブタノール、tert−ブタノール、n−ペンタノール、イソペンタノール、2−メチルブタノール、sec−ペンタノール、tert−ペンタノール、3−メトキシブタノール、n−ヘキサノール、2−メチルペンタノール、sec−ヘキサノール、2−エチルブタノール、sec−ヘプタノール、3−ヘプタノール、n−オクタノール、2−エチルヘキサノール、sec−オクタノール、n−ノニルアルコール、2,6−ジメチル−4−ヘプタノール、n−デカノール、sec−ウンデシルアルコール、トリメチルノニルアルコール、sec−テトラデシルアルコール、sec−ヘプタデシルアルコール、フルフリルアルコール、フェノール、シクロヘキサノール、メチルシクロヘキサノール、3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサノール、ベンジルアルコール、ジアセトンアルコール等が挙げられる。
前記芳香族炭化水素系溶剤としては、例えば、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、エチルベンゼン、トリメチルベンゼン、メチルエチルベンゼン、n−プロピルベンセン、イソプロピルベンセン、ジエチルベンゼン、イソブチルベンゼン、トリエチルベンゼン、ジイソプロピルベンセン、n−アミルナフタレン、トリメチルベンゼン等が挙げられる。
前記含ハロゲン溶剤としては、例えば、ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、フロン、クロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼン等が挙げられる。
尚、前記溶剤(C)は、ポリシロキサン(A)の合成時に、反応溶媒として用いた有機溶剤と同じものであってもよい。また、ポリシロキサン(A)の合成が終了した後に、溶剤を所望の有機溶剤に置換することもできる。
前記酸拡散抑制剤(D)は、本発明のネガ型感放射線性組成物を用いて得られた乾燥被膜に対する紫外線等の露光により生じる酸のレジスト被膜中における拡散現象を制御し、未露光領域における好ましくない化学反応を抑制する作用を有する成分である。
このような酸拡散抑制剤(D)を配合することにより、レジストとしての解像度が更に向上するとともに、露光から現像までの引き置き時間(PED)の変動によるレジストパターンの線幅変化を抑えることができ、極めて優れたプロセス安定性を得ることができる。
前記含窒素有機化合物としては、3級アミン化合物、アミド基含有化合物、4級アンモニウムヒドロキシド化合物、含窒素複素環化合物等が挙げられる。
本発明のネガ型感放射線性組成物は、界面活性剤等の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。
前記界面活性剤は、本発明のネガ型感放射線性組成物の塗布性、ストリエーション、露光後の現像性等を改良する作用を有する成分である。
この界面活性剤としては、ノニオン系界面活性剤、アニオン系界面活性剤、カチオン系界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤、シリコーン系界面活性剤、ポリアルキレンオキシド系界面活性剤、フッ素系界面活性剤、ポリ(メタ)アクリレート系界面活性剤等が挙げられる。
また、市販品としては、以下、商品名で、「SH8400 FLUID」(Toray Dow Corning Silicone Co.製)、「KP341」(信越化学工業(株)製)、「ポリフローNo.75」、「ポリフローNo.95」(以上、共栄社化学(株)製)、「エフトップEF301」、「エフトップEF303」、「エフトップEF352」(以上、トーケムプロダクツ(株)製)、「メガファックスF171」、「メガファックスF173」(以上、大日本インキ化学工業(株)製)、「フロラードFC430」、「フロラードFC431」(以上、住友スリーエム(株)製)、「アサヒガードAG710」、「サーフロンS−382」、「サーフロンSC−101」、「サーフロンSC−102」、「サーフロンSC−103」、「サーフロンSC−104」、「サーフロンSC−105」、「サーフロンSC−106」(以上、旭硝子(株)製)等が挙げられる。
尚、これらの界面活性剤は、1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本発明のネガ型放射線性組成物は、前記ポリシロキサン(A)と、前記酸発生剤(B)と、前記溶剤(C)と、前記酸拡散抑制剤(D)と、必要に応じて用いられる前記添加剤とを、公知の方法で混合することにより得ることができる。
また、本発明のネガ型放射線性組成物の固形分濃度(溶剤(C)を除く全成分の濃度)は、目的、用途等に応じて、適宜、選択されるが、例えば、1〜50質量%とすることができ、好ましくは10〜40質量%である。固形分濃度が1〜50質量%である場合には、後述する硬化パターンの形成に好適な塗膜の膜厚を得ることができる。
本発明の硬化パターン形成方法は、前記本発明のネガ型感放射線性組成物を基板に塗布し、塗膜を形成する工程(i)と、前記工程(i)により得られた塗膜をベークする工程(ii)と、前記工程(ii)により得られた膜を露光する工程(iii)と、前記工程(iii)により得られた、露光された膜をベークする工程(iv)と、前記工程(iv)により得られた膜を現像液で現像し、ネガ型パターンを形成する工程(v)と、前記工程(v)により得られたネガ型パターンに、エネルギー線照射及び加熱のうちの少なくとも一方の硬化処理を施し、硬化パターンを形成する工程(vi)と、を備える。
前記組成物の塗布方法としては、回転塗布法、流延塗布法、ロール塗布法等が挙げられる。塗布条件は、所望の膜厚となるよう、塗布方法、組成物の固形分濃度、粘度等を考慮の上、選択される。
前記基板としては、Si、SiO2、SiN、SiC、SiCN等のSi含有層で被覆されたウエハ等が挙げられる。尚、ネガ型感放射線性組成物の潜在能力を最大限に引き出すため、特公平6−12452号公報(特開昭59−93448号公報)等に開示されているように、使用される基板上に有機系あるいは無機系の反射防止膜を形成しておくこともできる。
このPBの加熱条件は、組成物の組成によって、適宜、選択されるが、好ましくは60℃〜150℃であり、より好ましくは70℃〜120℃である。
このPEBの加熱条件は、組成物の組成によって、適宜、選択されるが、架橋反応の円滑化の観点から、好ましくは30℃〜200℃であり、より好ましくは50℃〜170℃である。
このアルカリ性化合物としては、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、けい酸ナトリウム、メタけい酸ナトリウム、アンモニア、エチルアミン、n−プロピルアミン、ジエチルアミン、ジ−n−プロピルアミン、トリエチルアミン、メチルジエチルアミン、エチルジメチルアミン、トリエタノールアミン、テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド、ピロール、ピペリジン、コリン、1,8−ジアザビシクロ−[5.4.0]−7−ウンデセン、1,5−ジアザビシクロ−[4.3.0]−5−ノネン等が挙げられる。これらの化合物のなかでも、テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシドが特に好ましい。
尚、これらは、1種単独で用いてよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
前記有機溶剤としては、例えば、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、アセトニルアセトン、シクロペンタノン、シクロヘキサノン、3−メチルシクロペンタノン、2,6−ジメチルシクロヘキサノン等のケトン類;メチルアルコール、エチルアルコール、n−プロピルアルコール、イソプロピルアルコール、n−ブチルアルコール、tert−ブチルアルコール、シクロペンタノール、シクロヘキサノール、1,4−ヘキサンジオール、1,4−ヘキサンジメチロール等のアルコール類;テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン等のエーテル類;酢酸エチル、酢酸n−ブチル、酢酸イソアミル等のエステル類;トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素類;フェノール、ジメチルホルムアミド等が挙げられる。これらの有機溶剤は、1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
前記工程(vi)における前記硬化処理は、エネルギー線照射及び加熱のうち、エネルギー照射であることが好ましい。
また、前記工程(II−3)における、硬化処理については、前述の硬化パターンの形成方法における工程(v)の説明を適用することができる。
また、本発明の硬化パターン形成方法によって得られた硬化パターンの弾性率は、5GPa以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは10GPa以上である。
前記比誘電率及び弾性率が前記範囲内であることで、本発明の硬化パターンは、LSI、システムLSI、DRAM、SDRAM、RDRAM、D−RDRAM等の半導体素子を構成する各種膜部、例えば、層間絶縁膜として好適に用いることができる。特に、銅ダマシンプロセスを含む半導体素子を構成する層間絶縁膜に有用である。
尚、下記の合成例により得られた重合体の重量平均分子量(Mw)は、下記条件によるサイズ排除クロマトグラフィー(SEC)法により測定した。
<SEC測定条件>
東ソー(株)製GPCカラム(G2000HXL2本、G3000HXL1本、G4000HXL1本)を用いて、流速:1.0mL/min.、溶出溶媒:テトラヒドロフラン、カラム温度:40℃、検出器:RI(前記高速GPC装置に内蔵)の分析条件で、単分散ポリスチレンを標準とするゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定した。
下記の有機ケイ素化合物を用いて、以下のようにポリシロキサン(A−1)〜(A−11)及び(AR−1)〜(AR−2)を合成した。
<有機ケイ素化合物(a1)>
(a1−1):下記構造の化合物[ビス(トリメトキシシリル)メタン]
(a2−1):メチルトリメトキシシラン
<有機ケイ素化合物(a3)>
(a3−1):ビニルトリメトキシシラン
<有機ケイ素化合物(a4)>
(a4−1):テトラメトキシシラン
窒素置換されたフラスコ内に、メチルトリメトキシシラン(a2−1)82部、ビス(トリエトキシシリル)エタン(a1−6)53部、及びプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル92部を加え、この反応液を水浴で65℃に加熱した後に、20%マレイン酸水溶液1部及び超純水72部を加えて65℃で2時間撹拌させた。この反応液を室温まで戻し、固形分濃度が30%となるまで減圧下で濃縮し、ポリシロキサン(A−1)を得た。このポリシロキサン(A−1)における各構成モノマーの含有割合[(a2−1):(a1−6)]は、[80:20](mol%)であり、Mwは3000であった。
下記表1に示す量の超純水にて、下記表1に示す種類及び量の有機ケイ素化合物を用い、下記表1に示す反応温度で合成する以外は、前述の合成例1と同様の手法にて、ポリシロキサン(A−2)〜(A−14)、(AR−1)及び(AR−2)を合成した。
尚、表1には、各ポリシロキサンのMwを併記した。また、各ポリシロキサンにおける構成モノマーの含有割合[各単量体の使用量により求められる理論値(mol%)]は以下の通りである。
<ポリシロキサン(A−2)>
[(a4−1):(a2−1):(a1−1)]=[10:70:20]
<ポリシロキサン(A−3)>
[(a2−1):(a3−1):(a1−6)]=[40:30:30]
<ポリシロキサン(A−4)>
[(a4−1):(a2−1):(a1−2)]=[15:70:15]
<ポリシロキサン(A−5)>
[(a2−1):(a1−3)]=[80:20]
<ポリシロキサン(A−6)>
[(a2−1):(a1−4)]=[80:20]
<ポリシロキサン(A−7)>
[(a2−1):(a1−5)]=[80:20]
<ポリシロキサン(A−8)>
[(a4−1):(a2−1):(a1−7)]=[10:70:20]
<ポリシロキサン(A−9)>
[(a3−1):(a2−1):(a1−8)]=[10:70:20]
<ポリシロキサン(A−10)>
[(a3−1):(a2−1):(a1−9)]=[10:70:20]
<ポリシロキサン(A−11)>
[(a2−1):(a1−10)]=[80:20]
<ポリシロキサン(A−12)>
[(a2−1):(a1−6)]=[95:5]
<ポリシロキサン(A−13)>
[(a2−1):(a1−6)]=[90:10]
<ポリシロキサン(A−14)>
[(a2−1):(a1−6)]=[50:50]
<ポリシロキサン(AR−1)>
(a4−1):(a2−1)]=[80:20]
<ポリシロキサン(AR−2)>
(a4−1):(a2−1)]=[5:95]
<実施例1>
ポリシロキサン(A)[前記ポリシロキサン(A−1)]100部と、酸発生剤(B)[(B−2):トリフェニルスルホニウムノナフルオロ−n−ブタンスルホネート]2部と、酸拡散抑制剤(D)[(D−1):2−フェニルベンズイミダゾール]0.02部と、溶剤(C)[(C−1):プロピレングリコールモエチルエーテル]と、を固形分濃度17%になるように混合し、実施例1のネガ型放射線性樹脂組成物を調製した。
表2に示す各種成分を、表2に示す量で配合した以外は、前述の実施例1と同様にして、実施例2〜14及び比較例1〜2の各ネガ型放射線性樹脂組成物(固形分濃度;17%)を調製した。
<酸発生剤(B)>
(B−1):トリフェニルスルホニウム2−(ビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプタ−2’−イル)−1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロエタンスルホネート
(B−2):トリフェニルスルホニウムノナフルオロ−n−ブタンスルホネート
<溶剤(C)>
(C−1):プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル
<酸拡散抑制剤(D)>
(D−1):2−フェニルベンズイミダゾール
実施例1〜14及び比較例1〜2の各組成物について、以下のように下記(1)〜(4)の各種評価を行い、その結果を表3に示した。
<KrF露光>
基板として、8インチシリコンウエハを用いた。そして、半導体製造装置「CLEAN TRACK ACT8」(型式名、東京エレクトロン社製)を用いて、実施例1〜14及び比較例1〜2の各ネガ型放射線性樹脂組成物を、前記基板上にスピンコートし、85℃で60秒間ベーク(PB)を行うことにより、膜厚500nmの膜を形成させた。次いで、この膜に、KrFエキシマレーザー露光装置「NSR S203B」(型式名、NIKON社製)を用い、NA=0.68、σ=0.75−1/2輪帯照明の条件で、被覆率100%のラインアンドスペースのパターンを有するフォトマスクを介して露光した。そして、85℃で60秒間PEBを行い、2.38質量%のテトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド水溶液により、23℃で60秒間現像した。その後、水洗及び乾燥して、ネガ型パターンを形成した。次いで、窒素雰囲気下、420℃で180分間加熱することにより硬化させ、硬化パターンを得た。このとき、硬化パターンが解像している最小線幅パターンを限界解像度とした。尚、線幅の測長には走査型電子顕微鏡「S−9380」(型式名、日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製)を用いた。
基板として、8インチシリコンウエハを用いた。そして、半導体製造装置「CLEAN TRACK ACT8」(型式名、東京エレクトロン社製)を用いて、実施例1のネガ型放射線性樹脂組成物を、前記基板上にスピンコートし、85℃で60秒間ベーク(PB)を行うことにより、膜厚220nmの膜を形成させた。次いで、この膜に、ArFエキシマレーザー露光装置「NSR S306C」(型式名、NIKON社製)を用い、NA=0.78、σ=0.85−1/2輪帯照明の条件で、被覆率100%のラインアンドスペースのパターンを有するフォトマスクを介して露光した。そして、85℃で60秒間PEBを行い、2.38質量%のテトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド水溶液により、23℃で60秒間現像した。その後、水洗及び乾燥して、ネガ型パターンを形成した。次いで、窒素雰囲気下、420℃で180分間加熱することにより硬化させ、硬化パターンを得た。このとき、硬化パターンが解像している最小線幅パターンを限界解像度とした。尚、線幅の測長には走査型電子顕微鏡「S−9380」(型式名、日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製)を用いた。
前記(1)と同様に形成した硬化パターンの線幅300nmのライン・アンド・スペースパターン(1L1S)の断面形状を観察した。この際、図1に示す断面形状における(a)、(b)又は(c)を「良好」、T−top形状又はラウンドトップ形状(即ち、矩形以外の形状)を示していた場合を「不良」と評価した。
また、図1に示す断面形状における定在波の影響は(a)、(b)又は(c)を「良好」、(d)、(e)又は(f)を「不良」と評価した。
尚、この断面形状の観察には走査電子顕微鏡(株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製、「S−4800」)を用いた。
基板として、0.1Ω・cm以下の抵抗率を有する8インチのN型シリコンウエハを用いた。その後、半導体製造装置「CLEAN TRACK ACT8」(型式名、東京エレクトロン社製)を用いて、実施例1〜14及び比較例1〜2の各ネガ型放射線性樹脂組成物を、前記基板上にスピンコートし、85℃で60秒間ベーク(PB)を行うことにより、膜厚500nmの膜を形成した。次いで、この膜に、KrFエキシマレーザー液浸露光装置(「NSR S203B」、NIKON製)を用い、NA=0.68、σ=0.75の条件で、マスクを介さずにウエハ全面を露光した。そして、85℃で60秒間PEBを行い、2.38質量%のテトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド水溶液により、23℃で60秒間現像した。その後、水洗及び乾燥して、ネガパターンなしの全面被膜を得た。
次いで、前記全面被膜に対して、表3に示すように、下記(i)、(ii)又は(iii)に示す手法の硬化処理を行い、硬化膜を得た。
その後、得られた硬化膜に、蒸着法によりアルミニウム電極パターンを形成し、比誘電率測定用サンプルを作成した。このサンプルについて、周波数100kHzの周波数で、アジデント社製、「HP16451B電極」及び「HP4284AプレシジョンLCRメータ」を用いてCV法により、200℃における硬化膜の比誘電率を測定した。
(i)熱処理
全面被膜を、真空下、420℃にて1時間加熱。
(ii)紫外線照射
全面被膜を、酸素分圧0.01kPaのチャンバー内にて、ホットプレート上で塗膜を400℃で加熱しながら、紫外線を8分間照射した。紫外線源は、波長250nm以下の波長を含む白色紫外線を用いた。尚、この紫外線は白色紫外光のため、有効な方法で照度の測定は行えなかった。
(iii)
全面被膜を、酸素分圧0.01kPaのチャンバー内にて、ホットプレート上で塗膜を350℃で加熱しながら、電子線を300μC/cm2の照射量、7kevの加速電圧下で4分間照射した。
前記(3)と同様の手法にて得られた硬化膜に、MTS社製、超微小硬度計(Nanoindentator XP)にバーコビッチ型圧子を取り付け、連続剛性測定法により、硬化膜の弾性率を測定した。
表3によれば、本実施例1〜14のネガ型感放射線性組成物を用いた場合には、定在波効果の影響なくパターニング可能であり、比誘電率が低く且つ弾性率の高い硬化パターンを形成できることが分かった。
Claims (6)
- (A)下記一般式(1)で表される有機ケイ素化合物(a1)と、下記一般式(2)で表される有機ケイ素化合物(a2)と、を含む加水分解性シラン化合物を加水分解縮合させて得られるポリシロキサンと、
(B)感放射線性酸発生剤と、
(C)溶剤と、
(D)酸拡散抑制剤と、を含有することを特徴とするネガ型感放射線性組成物。
- 請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載のネガ型感放射線性組成物を基板に塗布し、塗膜を形成する工程(i)と、
前記工程(i)により得られた塗膜をベークする工程(ii)と、
前記工程(ii)により得られた膜を露光する工程(iii)と、
前記工程(iii)により得られた、露光された膜をベークする工程(iv)と、
前記工程(iv)により得られた膜を現像液で現像し、ネガ型パターンを形成する工程(v)と、
前記工程(v)により得られたネガ型パターンに、エネルギー線照射及び加熱のうちの少なくとも一方の硬化処理を施し、硬化パターンを形成する工程(vi)と、を備えることを特徴とする硬化パターン形成方法。 - 前記工程(vi)における硬化処理が、エネルギー線照射処理である請求項4に記載の硬化パターン形成方法。
- 請求項4又は5に記載の硬化パターン形成方法によって得られたことを特徴とする硬化パターン。
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