JP2010146650A - 磁気リード・ヘッド - Google Patents
磁気リード・ヘッド Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010146650A JP2010146650A JP2008323473A JP2008323473A JP2010146650A JP 2010146650 A JP2010146650 A JP 2010146650A JP 2008323473 A JP2008323473 A JP 2008323473A JP 2008323473 A JP2008323473 A JP 2008323473A JP 2010146650 A JP2010146650 A JP 2010146650A
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- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 229910001291 heusler alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000005300 metallic glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 313
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910020598 Co Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002519 Co-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 40
- 230000005290 antiferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 241001364096 Pachycephalidae Species 0.000 description 9
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005381 magnetic domain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005330 Barkhausen effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019222 CoCrPt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003321 CoFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018979 CoPt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019041 PtMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002885 antiferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021480 group 4 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021476 group 6 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/09—Magnetoresistive devices
- G01R33/098—Magnetoresistive devices comprising tunnel junctions, e.g. tunnel magnetoresistance sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y25/00—Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/33—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only
- G11B5/39—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects
- G11B5/3903—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects using magnetic thin film layers or their effects, the films being part of integrated structures
- G11B5/3906—Details related to the use of magnetic thin film layers or to their effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/33—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only
- G11B5/39—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects
- G11B5/3903—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects using magnetic thin film layers or their effects, the films being part of integrated structures
- G11B5/3906—Details related to the use of magnetic thin film layers or to their effects
- G11B5/3929—Disposition of magnetic thin films not used for directly coupling magnetic flux from the track to the MR film or for shielding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/08—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers
- H01F10/10—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition
- H01F10/18—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition being compounds
- H01F10/193—Magnetic semiconductor compounds
- H01F10/1936—Half-metallic, e.g. epitaxial CrO2 or NiMnSb films
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/32—Spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
- H01F10/324—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer
- H01F10/3268—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer the exchange coupling being asymmetric, e.g. by use of additional pinning, by using antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic coupling interface, i.e. so-called spin-valve [SV] structure, e.g. NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn
- H01F10/3281—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer the exchange coupling being asymmetric, e.g. by use of additional pinning, by using antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic coupling interface, i.e. so-called spin-valve [SV] structure, e.g. NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn only by use of asymmetry of the magnetic film pair itself, i.e. so-called pseudospin valve [PSV] structure, e.g. NiFe/Cu/Co
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/32—Spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
- H01F10/324—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer
- H01F10/3295—Spin-exchange coupled multilayers wherein the magnetic pinned or free layers are laminated without anti-parallel coupling within the pinned and free layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/33—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only
- G11B5/39—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects
- G11B2005/3996—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects large or giant magnetoresistive effects [GMR], e.g. as generated in spin-valve [SV] devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/08—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers
- H01F10/10—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition
- H01F10/12—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition being metals or alloys
- H01F10/16—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition being metals or alloys containing cobalt
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/32—Spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
- H01F10/324—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer
- H01F10/3268—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer the exchange coupling being asymmetric, e.g. by use of additional pinning, by using antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic coupling interface, i.e. so-called spin-valve [SV] structure, e.g. NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn
- H01F10/3272—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer the exchange coupling being asymmetric, e.g. by use of additional pinning, by using antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic coupling interface, i.e. so-called spin-valve [SV] structure, e.g. NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn by use of anti-parallel coupled [APC] ferromagnetic layers, e.g. artificial ferrimagnets [AFI], artificial [AAF] or synthetic [SAF] anti-ferromagnets
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Hall/Mr Elements (AREA)
- Magnetic Heads (AREA)
- Thin Magnetic Films (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】本発明の一実施形態において、リード・ヘッドは、磁気抵抗センサ膜の積層方向(膜面に垂直な方向)にセンス電流が流れるCPP(Current Perpendicular to Plane)型のリード・ヘッドである。本形態のCPP磁気ヘッドは、その磁気抵抗センサ膜における自由層構造に特徴を有している。本形態の自由層は積層された複数層から構成されており、ホイスラ合金層と、Co系アモルファス金属層とを有している。この自由層構造を有することにより、低磁歪で高いMR比を得ることができ、ノイズ特性にも優れたCPP磁気リード・ヘッドを実現することができる。
【選択図】図3
Description
12 ライト・ヘッド、13 保護膜、21 磁気ディスク対抗面
111 下部シールド、112 磁気抵抗センサ、113 上部シールド
114 上部磁気隔離膜、115 ハードバイアス膜、116 ハードバイアス下地膜
117 ジャンクション絶縁膜、121 薄膜コイル、122 記録磁極
123 絶縁体、211 センサ下地層、212 反強磁性層、213 固定層
214 非磁性中間層、215 自由層、216 キャップ層、311 第1固定層
312 第2固定層、511 ホイスラ合金層、512 Co系アモルファス金属層
513 金属結晶軟磁性層
Claims (10)
- 磁気抵抗センサを有し、前記磁気抵抗センサの積層方向に検知電流を流す磁気リード・ヘッドであって、前記磁気抵抗センサ膜は、
外部磁界によって磁化方向が変化する自由層と、
前記自由層と積層されており、磁化方向が固定された固定層と、
前記自由層と前記固定層との間にある非磁性中間層とを有し、
前記自由層は、
ホイスラ合金層と、
Co系アモルファス金属層と、
を有する、磁気リード・ヘッド。 - 前記Co系アモルファス金属層は、Ta、Ti、Zr、Nb、Hf、W、Bの少なくとも一つの元素を含む、
請求項1に記載の磁気リード・ヘッド。 - 前記自由層は、さらに、金属結晶の軟磁性層を有し、
前記軟磁性層と前記ホイスラ合金層との間に前記Co系アモルファス金属層が形成されている、
請求項1に記載の磁気リード・ヘッド。 - 前記Co系アモルファス金属層は、
C−Fe−X:XはTa、Ti、Zr、Nb、Hf、W、Bの内の一つもしくは複数の元素、
である、請求項3に記載の磁気リード・ヘッド。 - 前記Co系アモルファス金属層の厚みは、前記軟磁性層及び前記ホイスラ合金層の厚みよりも一桁以上薄い、
請求項4に記載の磁気リード・ヘッド。 - 前記Co系アモルファス金属層の厚みの桁数は、前記ホイスラ合金層の厚みの桁数以上である、
請求項3に記載の磁気リード・ヘッド。 - 前記Co系アモルファス金属層は、
C−X:XはTa、Ti、Zr、Nb、Hf、W、Bの内の一つもしくは複数の元素
である、請求項1に記載の磁気リード・ヘッド。 - 前記固定層はホイスラ合金層を含む、
請求項1に記載の磁気リード・ヘッド。 - 前記自由層は、さらに、BCC構造をもつナノ磁性層を有し、
非磁性中間層、前記ナノ磁性層、前記ホイスラ合金層の順に形成され、
前記ナノ磁性層の厚みは、前記ホイスラ合金層の厚みよりも1桁以上薄い、
請求項1に記載の磁気リード・ヘッド。 - 前記ナノ磁性層がCo−Fe合金で、Fe組成が30at%以上である、
請求項9に記載の磁気リード・ヘッド。
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008323473A JP5448438B2 (ja) | 2008-12-19 | 2008-12-19 | 磁気リード・ヘッド |
| US12/642,269 US8064159B2 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2009-12-18 | Current perpendicular to plane (CPP) magnetic read head |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008323473A JP5448438B2 (ja) | 2008-12-19 | 2008-12-19 | 磁気リード・ヘッド |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2010146650A true JP2010146650A (ja) | 2010-07-01 |
| JP2010146650A5 JP2010146650A5 (ja) | 2012-01-12 |
| JP5448438B2 JP5448438B2 (ja) | 2014-03-19 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008323473A Expired - Fee Related JP5448438B2 (ja) | 2008-12-19 | 2008-12-19 | 磁気リード・ヘッド |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8064159B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5448438B2 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2021144988A (ja) * | 2020-03-10 | 2021-09-24 | Tdk株式会社 | 磁気抵抗効果素子 |
| US11730063B2 (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2023-08-15 | Tdk Corporation | Magnetoresistive effect element including a Heusler alloy layer with a crystal region and an amorphous region |
| US12217775B2 (en) | 2019-08-08 | 2025-02-04 | Tdk Corporation | Magnetoresistance effect element and Heusler alloy |
| US12278033B2 (en) | 2021-11-08 | 2025-04-15 | Tdk Corporation | Magnetoresistance effect element |
| US12288576B2 (en) | 2022-09-29 | 2025-04-29 | Tdk Corporation | Magnetoresistance effect element, magnetic recording element, and high-frequency device |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5661995B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-15 | 2015-01-28 | エイチジーエスティーネザーランドビーブイ | 磁気抵抗効果型磁気ヘッド |
| US9899044B2 (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2018-02-20 | National Institute For Materials Science | Magnetoresistive element, magnetic head using magnetoresistive element, and magnetic reproducing device |
| JP6702034B2 (ja) * | 2016-07-04 | 2020-05-27 | 株式会社デンソー | 磁気センサ |
| US10566015B2 (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2020-02-18 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Spin transfer torque (STT) device with template layer for heusler alloy magnetic layers |
| KR102567512B1 (ko) | 2019-02-01 | 2023-08-14 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 자기 터널 접합 소자 및 그를 포함하는 자기 메모리 장치 |
| US10867625B1 (en) | 2019-03-28 | 2020-12-15 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc | Spin transfer torque (STT) device with template layer for Heusler alloy magnetic layers |
| CN113036032B (zh) * | 2019-12-24 | 2024-08-27 | Tdk株式会社 | 磁阻效应元件 |
| US11528038B2 (en) | 2020-11-06 | 2022-12-13 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Content aware decoding using shared data statistics |
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2008
- 2008-12-19 JP JP2008323473A patent/JP5448438B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-12-18 US US12/642,269 patent/US8064159B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| JP2003298139A (ja) * | 2002-03-29 | 2003-10-17 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | 磁気検出素子 |
| JP2005085821A (ja) * | 2003-09-04 | 2005-03-31 | Toshiba Corp | 磁気抵抗効果素子及び磁気メモリ |
| JP2006253625A (ja) * | 2004-09-03 | 2006-09-21 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | 磁気検出素子 |
| JP2006339218A (ja) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-12-14 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | 磁気検出素子及びその製造方法 |
| JP2007317824A (ja) * | 2006-05-25 | 2007-12-06 | Tdk Corp | 磁気抵抗効果素子およびその製造方法、ならびに薄膜磁気ヘッド、ヘッドジンバルアセンブリ、ヘッドアームアセンブリおよび磁気ディスク装置 |
| JP2007335568A (ja) * | 2006-06-14 | 2007-12-27 | Tdk Corp | 磁界検出素子の製造方法、磁界検出素子、積層体、ウエハ、ヘッドジンバルアセンブリ、およびハードディスク装置 |
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| US11730063B2 (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2023-08-15 | Tdk Corporation | Magnetoresistive effect element including a Heusler alloy layer with a crystal region and an amorphous region |
| JP2021144988A (ja) * | 2020-03-10 | 2021-09-24 | Tdk株式会社 | 磁気抵抗効果素子 |
| JP7435057B2 (ja) | 2020-03-10 | 2024-02-21 | Tdk株式会社 | 磁気抵抗効果素子 |
| US12278033B2 (en) | 2021-11-08 | 2025-04-15 | Tdk Corporation | Magnetoresistance effect element |
| US12288576B2 (en) | 2022-09-29 | 2025-04-29 | Tdk Corporation | Magnetoresistance effect element, magnetic recording element, and high-frequency device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5448438B2 (ja) | 2014-03-19 |
| US8064159B2 (en) | 2011-11-22 |
| US20100157465A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
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