JP2009527088A - 安全性が向上した非水電解液及び電気化学素子 - Google Patents
安全性が向上した非水電解液及び電気化学素子 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical compound CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCC#N RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 alkylene compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GEWWCWZGHNIUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 GEWWCWZGHNIUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 7
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- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound O=S1OCCO1 WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC#N IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 2
- GINSRDSEEGBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thietane 1-oxide Chemical compound O=S1CCC1 GINSRDSEEGBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010090 LiAlO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012424 LiSO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004966 cyanoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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Abstract
また、本発明は、正極活物質の表面及脂肪族モノニトリル化合物間の着物(複合体、合成物、錯体)が形成された正極と、化学式1の化合物又はその分解産物を電解液中に1重量%〜10重量%含有する非水電解液とを備えた電気化学素子を提供する。
本発明による電気化学素子は、上昇効果により優れた低温性能及び高温安全性を持つ。
Description
一般に、正極の充電電圧が高かったり電池の容量を上昇させた場合(スタックの数(パウチ型等)又はジェリーロール(円筒形、角形等)の電極巻取り数の増加)、電池のエネルギーレベルが高くなって外部の物理的衝撃(例えば、熱、温度、圧力等)により発熱しやすく、激しい場合は爆発して電池の安全性を悪化させる。
EC:EMC=1:2の造成比を有する1M LiPF6溶液を電解液として用い、前記電解液にフルオロエチレンカーボネート5重量%、ブチロニトリル5重量%を添加した。負極は人造黒鉛を用い、正極はLiCoO2を用いる。以後、通常の方法により3562サイズのリチウムポリマー電池を製造し、アルミニウムラミネート包装材を利用した。
ブチロニトリルの含量を10重量%用いた以外は、実施例1と同様な方法によりリチウムポリマー電池を製造した。
電解液にフルオロエチレンカーボネート1重量%、ブチロニトリル5重量%を添加した以外は、実施例1と同様な方法によりリチウムポリマー電池を製造した。
ブチロニトリルの代りにバレロニトリルを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様な方法によりリチウムポリマー電池を製造した。
ブチロニトリルの代りにプロピオニトリルを用いた以外は、 実施例1と同様な方法によりリチウムポリマー電池を製造した。
電解液にフルオロエチレンカーボネート5重量%だけを添加した以外は、実施例1と同様な方法によりリチウムポリマー電池を製造した。
電解液にブチロニトリル5重量%だけを添加した以外は、実施例1と同様な方法によりリチウムポリマー電池を製造した。
ブチロニトリルの含量を10重量%用いた以外は、比較例2と同様な方法によりリチウムポリマー電池を製造した。
ブチロニトリルの代りにバレロニトリルを用いた以外は、比較例3と同様な方法によりリチウムポリマー電池を製造した。
フルオロエチレンカーボネートを用いない以外は、比較例1と同様な方法によりリチウムポリマー電池を製造した。
1.電池性能の実験
実施例1、実施例2、比較例1、比較例5で製造された各電池は、80℃で10日間保存した後、電池の性能結果を図1に示す。本発明によりフルオロエチレンカーボネート及びブチロニトリルを電解液添加剤として用いた実施例1及び実施例2の場合、高温露出の後にも優れた電池の回復容量及び性能を示した。
実施例1、比較例1及び比較例2で製造された各電池を4.25V充電した状態で150℃オーブンに放置して、電池の発火及び爆発の可否を観察した。その結果は、図2〜図4に示す。
実施例1、実施例4、実施例5及び比較例5で製造した各電池を4.2Vで充電した。一般の熱分析測定器であるDSC(Differential scanning calorimeter)を用い、電解液の蒸気圧に耐えることができる2つの高圧ファンを測定ファンとして使用するが、一つのファンには4.2Vで充電された各電池から分離された正極5mg〜10mg程度を採取して入れ、もう一つのファンは空のファンとして、分当り5℃として400℃まで昇温しながら、2つのファン間の熱量差を分析して発熱温度ピークを測定した。
Claims (12)
- 脂肪族モノニトリル化合物は、下記の化学式2で表されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の非水電解液。
N≡C−R 式2
[前記式中、
Rは(CH2)n−CH3であり、
n=1〜11の整数である。] - 脂肪族モノニトリル化合物が、ブチロニトリル、バレロニトリル、プロピオニトリル又はこれらの混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の非水電解液。
- 前記溶媒が、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)及びγ−ブチロラクトン(GBL)からなる群より1種以上選ばれる環状カーボネート;
ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)及びメチルプロピルカーボネート(MPC)からなる群より1種以上選ばれる鎖状カーボネート;又は、
前記環状カーボネート及び鎖状カーボネートの全部を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の非水電解液。 - 脂肪族ジニトリル化合物を添加剤としてさらに含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の非水電解液。
- 負極表面上に不動態膜を形成できる化合物をさらに含んでなり、
前記化合物が、アルキレン化合物、S系化合物及びラクタム系化合物からなる群より選ばれたものであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の非水電解液。 - 正極と、負極と、及び請求項1〜6の何れか一項に記載の非水電解液を備えてなることを特徴とする、電気化学素子。
- 前記脂肪族モノニトリル化合物が、下記の化学式2で表されることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の電気化学素子。
N≡C−R 式2
[前記式中、
Rは(CH2)n−CH3であり、
n=1〜11の整数である。] - 前記正極活物質の表面と前記脂肪族モノニトリル化合物との間に形成された複合体が、
前記脂肪族モノニトリル化合物が添加された電解液から製造された電気化学素子を高温処理して形成され、或いは、
前記脂肪族モノニトリル化合物が添加された電解液に集電体上に正極活物質が塗布された正極を浸漬した後に、高温処理して形成されることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の電気化学素子。 - 前記高温処理が、電気化学素子の組立前、又は、電気化学素子の組立後、30℃以上の温度で行われることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記脂肪族モノニトリル化合物が、ブチロニトリル、バレロニトリル、プロピオニトリル又はこれらの混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の電気化学素子。
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KR20070082551A (ko) | 2007-08-21 |
EP1994599A1 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
WO2007094626A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
EP1994599A4 (en) | 2010-05-26 |
TW200737563A (en) | 2007-10-01 |
US20100233549A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
JP2015228374A (ja) | 2015-12-17 |
JP2013179080A (ja) | 2013-09-09 |
JP6150613B2 (ja) | 2017-06-21 |
EP1994599B1 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
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