JP2009511495A - 最適化された抗cd30抗体 - Google Patents
最適化された抗cd30抗体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009511495A JP2009511495A JP2008534748A JP2008534748A JP2009511495A JP 2009511495 A JP2009511495 A JP 2009511495A JP 2008534748 A JP2008534748 A JP 2008534748A JP 2008534748 A JP2008534748 A JP 2008534748A JP 2009511495 A JP2009511495 A JP 2009511495A
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Abstract
Description
抗CD30抗体は、CD30に結合する抗体である。抗CD30抗体は、CD30のどのようなエピトープまたは領域でも結合でき、CD30のフラグメント、スプライスフォームまたは異常(aberrent)型に対して特異的なことがある。本件特許出願は、抗CD−30抗体を対象とするものである。さまざまな抗CD30抗体が、発明の名称「Methods of Generating Variant Proteins with Increased Host String Content and Compositions Thereof」で2004年12月3日に出願された米国特許出願第11/004,590号明細書;発明の名称「Anti−CD30 Antibodies」で2005年10月6日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/724,624号明細書;発明の名称「Anti−CD30 Antibodies」で2005年11月18日に出願された同第60/737,998号明細書;発明の名称「Anti−CD30 Antibodies」で2005年12月15日に出願された同第60/750,697号明細書;発明の名称「Anti−CD30 Antibodies」で2006年2月24日に出願された同第60/776,598号明細書(各々その内容を全体として援用する)に開示されている。抗CD30抗体は、たとえば、従来の抗体、抗体フラグメント、二重特異性抗体または他の免疫グロブリン形式または抗体融合物であればよい。抗体は、キメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体または完全ヒト抗体であってもよい。また、本願明細書で説明するように、抗体には標識された抗体または共有結合的に修飾された抗体も含む。
抗体とは、特定の抗原を結合する免疫タンパク質である。ヒトやマウスを含むほとんどの哺乳動物では、抗体は一対の重ポリペプチド鎖と軽ポリペプチド鎖で構成される。軽鎖可変領域および重鎖可変領域は、抗体間で有意な配列多様性を示し、標的抗原の結合を担っている。各々の鎖は、個々の免疫グロブリン(Ig)ドメインで構成されるため、そのようなタンパク質に対して総称としての免疫グロブリンを用いる。
一実施形態では、抗体は抗体フラグメントである。特に興味深いのは、Fc領域、Fc融合物および重鎖の定常領域(CH1−ヒンジ−CH2−CH3)を含む抗体であり、ここでも定常重領域融合物が含まれる。
いくつかの実施形態では、異なる種からの混合物を足場成分とすることが可能である。それ自体では、抗体が抗体である場合、このような抗体はキメラ抗体および/またはヒト化抗体であってもよい。一般に、「キメラ抗体」および「ヒト化抗体」はいずれも、2つ以上の種からの領域を組み合わせた抗体を示す。たとえば、「キメラ抗体」は従来、マウス(または場合によってはラット)由来の可変領域とヒト由来の定常領域とを含む。「ヒト化抗体」は一般に、可変ドメインフレームワーク領域をヒト抗体にみられる配列と入れ換えた非ヒト抗体を示す。通常、ヒト化抗体では、CDRを除く抗体全体がヒト由来のポリヌクレオチドでコードされるか、CDR内以外はそのような抗体と同一である。非ヒト生物体に由来する核酸で一部または全部がコードされるCDRを、ヒト抗体の可変領域のベータシートフレームワークに移植して抗体を作製するが、その特異性に関しては移植されたCDRによって判断する。このような抗体の作製については、たとえば、国際公開第92/11018号パンフレット、Jones、1986、Nature 321:522〜525、Verhoeyenら、1988、Science 239:1534〜1536に記載されている。最初の移植コンストラクトで失われた親和性を回復するには選択されたアクセプターフレームワーク残基の対応するドナー残基への「逆変異」が必要になることが多い(米国特許第5530101号明細書;米国特許第5585089号明細書;米国特許第5693761号明細書;米国特許第5693762号明細書;米国特許第6180370号明細書;米国特許第5859205号明細書;米国特許第5821337号明細書;米国特許第6054297号明細書;米国特許第6407213号明細書)。ヒト化抗体は、一般にヒト免疫グロブリンの定常領域である免疫グロブリンの定常領域の少なくとも一部も含むものであると最適であり、よって、一般にヒトFc領域を含む。また、遺伝子改変した免疫系を持つマウスを用いてヒト化抗体を生成することも可能である。Roqueら、2004、Biotechnol.Prog.20:639〜654。非ヒト抗体をヒト化して再形成するためのさまざまな手法および方法が従来技術において周知である(Tsurushita&Vasquez、2004、Humanization of Monoclonal Antibodies、Molecular Biology of B Cells、533〜545、Elsevier Science(USA)ならびにそこに引用されている参考文献を参照のこと)。ヒト化方法には、Jonesら、1986、Nature 321:522〜525;Riechmannら、1988;Nature 332:323〜329;Verhoeyenら、1988、Science、239:1534〜1536;Queenら、1989、Proc Natl Acad Sci、USA 86:10029〜33;Heら、1998、J.Immunol.160:1029〜1035;Carterら、1992、Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:4285〜9、Prestaら、1997、Cancer Res.57(20):4593〜9;Gormanら、1991、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. USA 88:4181〜4185;O’Connorら、1998、Protein Eng 11:321〜8に記載されている方法を含むがこれに限定されるものではない。ヒト化または非ヒト抗体の可変領域の免疫原性を減らすための他の方法には、たとえばRoguskaら、1994、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 91:969〜973に記載されているような表面再処理方法を含んでもよい。一実施形態では、親抗体は、従来技術において周知のように親和性成熟されている。ヒト化および親和性成熟には、たとえば米国特許出願第11/004,590号明細書に記載されているような構造ベースの方法を利用してもよい。Wuら、1999、J.Mol.Biol.294:151〜162;Bacaら、1997、J.Biol.Chem.272(16):10678〜10684;Rosokら、1996、J.Biol.Chem.271(37):22611〜22618;Raderら、1998、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 95:8910〜8915;Kraussら、2003、Protein Engineering 16(10):753〜759に記載されている方法を含むがこれに限定されるものではない選択ベースの方法を利用して、抗体の可変領域をヒト化および/または親和性成熟させてもよい。また、米国特許出願第09/810,502号明細書;Tanら、2002、J.Immunol.169:1119〜1125;De Pascalisら、2002、J.Immunol.169:3076〜3084に記載されている方法を含むがこれに限定されるものではない他のヒト化方法では、CDRの一部のみを移植する必要がある。
一実施形態では、本発明の抗体が抗体融合タンパク質(本願明細書では「抗体コンジュゲート」と呼ぶこともある)である。抗体融合物のひとつのタイプがFc融合物であり、これはFc領域をコンジュゲートパートナーと連結する。「Fc融合物」を本願明細書で使用する場合、1つ以上のポリペプチドがFc領域に作動的に結合されたタンパク質を意味する。Fc融合物は、本願明細書では、従来技術において用いられているように、用語「イムノアドヘシン」、「Ig融合物」、「Igキメラ」および「レセプターグロブリン」(ダッシュがある場合もある)の同義語を意味する(Chamowら、1996、Trends Biotechnol 14:52〜60;Ashkenaziら、1997、Curr Opin Immunol 9:195〜200)。Fc融合物は、免疫グロブリンのFc領域と融合パートナーとの組み合わせであり、一般にどのようなタンパク質または小分子でも可能である。事実上どのようなタンパク質または小分子でもFcにリンクさせてFc融合物を生成することができる。タンパク質融合パートナーには、あらゆる抗体の可変領域、レセプターの標的結合領域、接着分子、リガンド、酵素、サイトカイン、炎症性細胞遊走因子または他のいくつかのタンパク質またはタンパク質ドメインを含み得るが、これに限定されるものではない。小分子融合パートナーには、Fc融合物を治療標的とするあらゆる治療薬を含み得る。このような標的は、疾患に関与するどのような分子であってもよく、好ましくは細胞外レセプターであればよい。
抗体の共有結合修飾は、本発明の範囲内に含まれるものであり、翻訳後に行われるのが一般的であるが常にそうだというわけではない。たとえば、抗体の特定のアミノ酸残基と、選択された側鎖またはNまたはC末端残基と反応できる有機誘導体化剤とを反応させることで、抗体のいくつかのタイプの共有結合修飾を分子に導入する。
いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の抗体の共有結合修飾には1つ以上の標識を付加することが含まれる。場合によっては、これらも抗体融合物とみなされる。
本発明は、多数の治療的に関連する特性に合わせて最適化された変異体抗CD30抗体を提供するものである。変異体抗CD30抗体は、親の抗CD30抗体に関連した1つ以上のアミノ酸修飾を含み、ここで、前記アミノ酸修飾(単数または複数)は、1つ以上の最適化された特性を提供するものである。よって、本発明の抗CD30抗体は、変異体抗CD30抗体である。本発明の抗CD30抗体は、少なくとも1つのアミノ酸修飾が理由で、アミノ酸配列の点でその親の抗CD30抗体とは異なっている。よって、本発明の変異体抗CD30抗体は、親と比較して少なくとも1つのアミノ酸修飾を有する。あるいは、本発明の変異体抗CD30抗体は、親と比較してたとえば約1から50のアミノ酸修飾、好ましくは約1から10のアミノ酸修飾、最も好ましくは約1から約5のアミノ酸修飾など、親と比較して2以上のアミノ酸修飾を有していてもよい。よって、変異体抗CD30抗体の配列と親の抗CD30抗体の配列は実質的に相同である。たとえば、本願明細書にて記載の変異体抗CD30抗体配列は、親の抗CD30抗体配列に対して約80%相同であり、好ましくは少なくとも約90%相同、最も好ましくは少なくとも約95%相同である。
抗体をはじめとする多くのポリペプチドに、オリゴ糖でのグリコシル化などの炭水化物部分を必要とするさまざまな翻訳後修飾がなされる。グリコシル化に影響し得る要因にはいくつかある。種、組織および細胞タイプはいずれも、グリコシル化が起こるという点で重要であることが分かっている。加えて、血清濃度などの変化した培養条件で、細胞外環境がグリコシル化に直接的な影響を持つ場合もある。(Lifelyら、1995、Glycobiology 5(8):813〜822)。
本発明は、抗CD30抗体を作製して実験的に試験するための方法を提供するものである。ここに記載の方法は、特定の用途または動作理論を制約することを意味するものではない。むしろ、ここで得られる方法では、1つ以上の抗CD30抗体を作製して実験的に試験し、変異体抗CD30抗体を得られることを大枠で示すことを意図している。抗体分子生物学、発現、精製およびスクリーニングの基本方法については、Antibody Engineering(Duebel&Kontermann編)、Springer−Verlag、Heidelberg、2001;Hayhurst&Georgiou、2001、Curr Opin Chem Biol 5:683〜689;Maynard & Georgiou、2000、Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2:339〜76;Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual by Harlow & Lane、New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press、1988(各々その内容を全体として援用する)に記載されている。
アッセイ
CD30標的タンパク質のスクリーニングには、in vitroアッセイ、in vivoおよび細胞ベースのアッセイ、選択技術を用いる方法を含むがこれに限定されるものではない、さまざまな方法を用いることができる。スクリーニング法に自動で高スループットのスクリーニング技術を利用してもよい。スクリーニングでは、融合パートナーまたは標識を使用することを採用しても構わない。融合パートナーを使うことについては上述してある。本願明細書における「標識された」は、本発明の抗CD30抗体に、スクリーニング時に検出が可能なように1つ以上の要素、アイソトープまたは化合物が結合されていることを意味する。一般に、標識は次の3つのクラスに分けられる。a)抗体に認識される融合パートナーとして取り込まれるエピトープであってもよい免疫標識、b)放射活性または重アイソトープであってもよいアイソトープ標識、c)蛍光染料および比色染料あるいは、ビオチンなどの他の標識方法を可能にする分子を含むものであってもよい小分子標識。標識は、どの位置で化合物に取り込まれてもよく、タンパク質発現の際にin vitroで取り込まれてもよいしin vivoで取り込まれてもよい。
本発明の抗CD30抗体の生物学的特性については、細胞、組織および生物体そのものを利用した実験でキャラクタライズできる。従来技術において周知のように、疾患または疾患モデルに対する処置での薬剤の効力を測定したり、あるいは薬剤の薬物動態、毒性,および他の特性を測定するために、薬剤を、マウス、ラット、ウサギ、イヌ、ネコ、ブタ、サルを含むがこれに限定されるものではない動物で試験することが多い。前記動物は疾患モデルとも呼べる。本発明の抗CD30抗体に関しては、動物モデルを使用して候補ポリペプチドの人体内での効力の潜在性を評価するにあたって、特に取り組むべき課題が出てきている。これは、少なくともある程度は、ヒトFcレセプターに対する親和性に特異的な作用を持つ抗CD30抗体が、オルソロガスな動物レセプターで同様の親和作用を持つわけではないためである。これらの問題は、真のオルソログを正しく割り振ることに関連した不可避な曖昧さと、オルソログによっては単に動物には存在しない(ヒトはFcγRIIaを持つのに対し、マウスは持たないなど)ことがゆえに、さらに悪くなる可能性がある(Mechetinaら、Immunogenetics、2002、54:463〜468、その全体を援用する)。治療薬については、ヌードマウス、SCIDマウス、異種移植マウスおよびトランスジェニックマウス(ノックインおよびノックアウトを含む)を含むがこれに限定されるものではないマウスで試験することが多い。たとえば、抗癌治療剤として想定されている本発明の抗CD30抗体を、たとえば異種移植片マウスなどのマウス癌モデルで試験することができる。この方法では、腫瘍または腫瘍細胞系をマウスに移植または注射し、続いてこのマウスを治療剤で処置して抗CD30抗体が癌の増殖と転移を低減または抑制する能力を判断する。別の方法のひとつに、SCIDマウスモデルを用いることがある。この場合は、ヒトFcRの適切なアレイを用いて、免疫欠損マウスにヒトPBLを注射し、注射したヒト腫瘍細胞を標的する抗体またはFc−ポリペプチドを注射しておいたマウスに半機能的なヒト免疫系を与える。このようなモデルでは、所望の抗原(SkOV3卵巣癌細胞上のher2/neuなど)を標的するFc−ポリペプチドがマウス体内でヒトPBLと相互作用し、殺腫瘍性エフェクター機能とエンゲージする。このような実験では、前記抗CD30抗体を治療剤として用いる潜在的な可能性を判断するための意味のあるデータが得られることがある。好ましくは哺乳動物であるどのような生物体を利用して試験を行ってもよい。たとえば、ヒトと遺伝的に類似していることから、サルが好適な治療モデルになることがあるため、本発明の抗CD30抗体の効力、毒性、薬物動態または他の特性の試験にサルを用いるようにしてもよい。最終的には、薬剤としての承認を得るには本発明の抗CD30抗体をヒトで試験する必要があるため、もちろん、これらの実験も企図される。よって、本発明の抗CD30抗体をヒトで試験して、その治療的な効力、毒性、薬物動態および/または他の臨床特性を判断してもよい。
本発明の抗CD30抗体を、さまざまな治療目的に利用することができる。当業者であれば明らかなように、本発明の抗CD30抗体を、その抗体などを利用できる治療目的で利用することができる。好ましい一実施形態では、患者に抗CD30抗体を投与して、自己免疫性疾患および炎症性疾患、感染性疾患および癌を含むがこれに限定されるものではない機能障害を処置する。
一実施形態では、本発明の抗CD30抗体を、タンパク質または他の分子の不適切な発現を伴う疾患を持つ患者に投与する。本発明の範囲内で、これは、たとえばタンパク質の存在量の変動、タンパク質の局在化、翻訳後修飾、コンホメーション状態、変異体または病原体タンパク質の存在などが原因で生じる異常なタンパク質を特徴とする疾患および機能障害を含むことを意図している。同様に、疾患または機能障害は、多糖およびガングリオシドを含むがこれに限定されるものではない変動分子(alterations molecules)を特徴とするものであってもよい。過剰については、正常に比して分子レベルでの過発現、作用部位での遷延または蓄積された出現またはタンパク質の活性増大を含むがこれに限定されるものではない、どのような原因によるものであってもよい。この定義に含まれるのは、タンパク質の減少を特徴とする疾患および機能障害である。この減少は、正常に比べて分子レベルでの発現の減少、作用部位での短縮または減少された出現、タンパク質のバリアントフォームまたはタンパク質の活性低下を含むがこれに限定されるものではない、どのような原因によるものであってもよい。このようなタンパク質の過剰または減少については、正常な発現、出現またはタンパク質の活性との比較で測定可能であり、前記測定は、本発明の抗CD30抗体の開発および/または臨床試験で重要な役割を果たすことがある。
本発明の抗CD30抗体と1つ以上の治療的活性薬剤とを配合した医薬品組成物が企図される。本発明の抗CD30抗体の製剤は、純度が所望の程度の前記抗CD30抗体と、薬学的に許容される最適なキャリア、賦形剤または安定剤(Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences第16版、Osol,A.編、1980)とを、凍結乾燥製剤または水溶液の形で混合することで、貯蔵用に調製される。許容可能なキャリア、賦形剤または安定剤は、使用する薬用量と濃度でレシピエントにとって非毒性のものであり、リン酸塩、クエン酸塩、酢酸塩および他の有機酸などの緩衝液;アスコルビン酸およびメチオニンをはじめとする酸化防止剤;保存剤(塩化オクタデシルジメチルベンジルアンモニウム;塩化ヘキサメトニウム;塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム;フェノールアルコール、ブチルアルコールまたはベンジルアルコール;メチルパラベンまたはプロピルパラベンなどのアルキルパラベン;カテコール;レソルシノール;シクロヘキサノール;3−ペンタノール;m−クレゾールなど);低分子量(約10残基未満)ポリペプチド;血清アルブミン、ゼラチンまたは免疫グロブリンなどのタンパク質;ポリビニルピロリドンなどの親水性ポリマー;グリシン、グルタミン、アスパラギン、ヒスチジン、アルギニンまたはリシンなどのアミノ酸;ブドウ糖、マンノースまたはデキストリンをはじめとする単糖類および他の炭水化物;EDTAなどのキレート剤;スクロース、マンニトール、トレハロースまたはソルビトールなどの糖類;甘味料および他の香味料;微結晶セルロース、ラクトース、コーンスターチおよび他のスターチなどのフィラー;結合剤;添加剤;着色料;ナトリウムなどの塩形成対イオン;金属錯体(Zn−タンパク質錯体など);および/またはTWEEN(商標)、PLURONICS(商標)またはポリエチレングリコール(PEG)などの非イオン界面活性剤を含む。好ましい一実施形態では、本発明の抗CD30抗体を含む医薬品組成物は、酸と塩基の両方の付加塩を含むことを意図した薬学的に許容される塩として存在するなど、水溶性の形態でもよい。「薬学的に許容される酸付加塩」は、遊離塩基の生物学的有効性を保持し、かつ、生物学的またはそれ以外の観点で望ましくないものではなく、塩酸、臭化水素酸、硫酸、硝酸、リン酸などの無機酸ならびに、酢酸、プロピオン酸、グリコール酸、ピルビン酸、シュウ酸、マレイン酸、マロン酸、コハク酸、フマル酸、酒石酸、クエン酸、安息香酸、ケイ皮酸、マンデル酸、メタンスルホン酸、エタンスルホン酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸、サリチル酸などの有機酸との間で形成される塩を示す。「薬学的に許容される塩基付加塩」には、ナトリウム、カリウム、リチウム、アンモニウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム、鉄、亜鉛、銅、マンガン、アルミニウムの塩などの無機塩基由来のものが含まれる。特に好ましいのが、アンモニウム塩、カリウム塩、ナトリウム塩、カルシウム塩およびマグネシウム塩である。薬学的に許容される非毒性有機塩基由来の塩としては、第1級、第2級および第3級アミンの塩、天然に存在する置換アミンをはじめとする置換アミン、環状アミン、さらには、イソプロピルアミン、トリメチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、トリプロピルアミンおよびエタノールアミンなどの塩基性イオン交換樹脂がある。in vivoでの投与に使用される製剤は、好ましくは滅菌されたものである。これは、滅菌濾過膜で濾過するか、それ以外の方法などで容易に実現できるものである。
好ましくは滅菌水溶液の形で本発明の抗CD30抗体を含む医薬品組成物の投与については、経口的、皮下、静脈内、鼻腔内、intraotically、経皮的、局所的(ゲル、軟膏、ローション、クリームなど)、腹腔内、筋肉内、肺内、経膣的、非経口的、経直腸的または眼内への投与を含むがこれに限定されるものではない、さまざまな方法で行うことができる。たとえば創傷や炎症などの処置など場合によっては、抗CD30抗体を溶液またはスプレーとして直接塗布してもよい。従来技術において周知のように、導入方法に応じて医薬品組成物を配合してもよい。
投薬量および投与頻度は、好ましい実施形態では、治療的または予防的に効果的なように選択される。従来技術において周知のように、タンパク質分解、全身送達なのか局所送達なのか、新たなプロテアーゼの合成率ならびに、年齢、体重、全体的な健康状態、性別、食事、投与時刻、薬剤相互作用、症状の重篤度の調整が必要な場合があり、当業者であればこれを日常の実験で特定することができよう。
本発明の抗CD30抗体を、1つ以上の他の治療レジメンまたは治療剤と併用して投与してもよい。別の治療レジメンまたは治療剤を利用すると、抗CD30抗体の効力または安全性を改善できることがある。また、別の治療レジメンまたは治療剤を用いて、抗CD30抗体の作用を変化させるのではなく同じ疾患または併存症を処置してもよい。たとえば、本発明の抗CD30抗体を、化学療法、放射線療法との併用あるいは、化学療法と放射線療法の両方との併用で患者に投与することができる。本発明の抗CD30抗体は、細胞毒剤、化学治療薬、サイトカイン、成長阻害剤、抗ホルモン剤、キナーゼインヒビター、抗血管形成剤、心血管保護薬、免疫賦活剤、免疫抑制剤、さらには、血液細胞、血管形成インヒビター、タンパク質チロシンキナーゼ(PTK)インヒビター、別の抗CD30抗体、FcγRIIbまたは他のFcレセプターインヒビターの増殖を促進する薬剤または他の治療薬を含むがこれに限定されるものではない、1つ以上の他の予防薬または治療薬との組み合わせで投与できるものである。
米国特許出願第11/004,590号明細書(本願明細書にてその全体を援用する)に記載されているように、ストリング最適化アルゴリズムを適用してヒトでの免疫原性を低減するために抗CD30抗体AC10の変異体(Bowenら、Journal of Immunology、1993、151:5896)(図1に示す配列)を生成した。このアルゴリズムは、多様なヒトVLκおよびVH生殖系列配列に存在する複数のアミノ酸変異を発見的にサンプリングし、宿主ストリングコンテント(host string content)(HSC)を計算するものである。変異体配列の構造的および機能的完全性についても、最近接構造ベースのスコアリング法(2003年12月8日に出願された、発明の名称Protein Engineering with Analogous Contact Environmentsの米国仮特許出願第60/528,229号明細書)を用いて評価した。実験的にキャラクタライズする目的で、一連の変異体重鎖(H1、H2、H3と呼ぶ)および軽鎖(L1、L2、L3と呼ぶ)AC10配列を選択した。
ここで提供するAC10変異体抗体は、抗癌治療法の臨床候補であるため、そのエフェクター機能を最適化すると好都合なことがある。上述したように、抗体の定常領域の置換を改変し、有益な臨床特性を得ることが可能である。エフェクター機能を変化させるFc修飾と本発明の変異体との組み合わせが、見込まれている。最も好ましい実施形態では、米国特許出願第10/672,280号明細書、PCT US03/30249および米国特許出願第10/822,231号明細書ならびに、2004年11月12日に発明の名称「Optimized Fc Variant」で出願された米国仮特許出願第60/627,774号明細書(各々その内容を全体として援用する)に記載されているFcγRへの結合を最適化および/またはエフェクター機能を亢進させる1つ以上のアミノ酸修飾を、本発明のAC10変異体と組み合わせる。最適な抗CD30臨床候補は、親の抗CD30抗体よりも免疫原性を低減させ、かつエフェクター機能を亢進させるアミノ酸修飾を含むものであってもよい。
本願明細書にて説明した抗体に結合された炭水化物を、修飾してもよい。たとえば、Chowdhury & Wu、2005、Methods 36:11〜24(全体として本願明細書に援用する)に記載されているようにして抗体を修飾することができる。
H3.69_V2/L3.71のAC10 IgG(1/2)ELLGG抗体を以後の研究のために選択した。これをXmAb2513または単に2513と称する。図22は、本発明の抗CD30抗体の相対的発現および細胞系を表にしたものである。図23は、標的とエフェクター細胞との比を何通りかに変えた場合のCD30+細胞に対するXmAb2513の細胞毒性を示している。図24は、CD30+細胞系L540およびKMH2に対する細胞毒性を示している。図25は、ヒトおよびカニクイザル細胞系に対するH0L0 AC10およびXmAb2513の結合を示している。
プレフォーミュレーションキャラクタリゼーション研究のステージIにおいて、一例としての配列番号19および20を含む抗CD30抗体の安定性を12種類の製剤で検討した。目的は、抗体を最も安定させる条件を特定するための製剤パラメータについて研究することであった。
(1)pH:4.0、5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0;
(2)緩衝液:10mM濃度のナトリウムリン酸緩衝液(pH6.0〜8.0)と酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH4.0〜5.0);
(3)等張調整剤:150mM濃度の塩化ナトリウム(NaCl)または5%ソルビトール;
(4)界面活性剤:なし、ポリソルベート20またはポリソルベート80;
(5)6.3mg/mLのXENP2513標準品を4℃で保管し、研究期間のあいだ分析用に1mg/mLまで希釈;
(6)XENP2513の濃度は、初期スクリーニング研究では1mg/mLとする。
pH5.5以下のクエン酸緩衝液中で抗体を配合すると、この溶液が曇った。これは、クエン酸緩衝液、pHまたは等張調整剤による可能性がある。
(1)10mM酢酸ナトリウム、150mM塩化ナトリウム、pH4.0
(2)10mM酢酸ナトリウム、150mM塩化ナトリウム、pH5.0
(3)10mM酢酸ナトリウム、5%ソルビトール、pH4.0
(4)10mM酢酸ナトリウム、5%ソルビトール、pH5.0
透析後、試料バイアルの目視検査を行い、対応する緩衝液を用いて抗体濃度を1mg/mLまで希釈して、目視検査した。試料を29℃で24時間保管し、再度目視検査した。
SEC−HPLC:タンパク質凝集
カラム:TSK−GEL Super SW3000、0.46×30cm(ガードカラムなし)
移動相A:1×PBS、CaまたはMgなし
流量:0.35mL/分
勾配:アイソクラチック
実施時間:15分
カラム温度:周囲温度
cIEX−HPLC法
CEX−HPLC:タンパク質アミド分解およびその他
カラム:Dionex ProPac WCX−10(4mm×250mm)
移動相A:10mM酢酸ナトリウム、pH5.0
移動相B:10mM酢酸ナトリウム、1M塩化ナトリウム、pH5.0
流量:1.0mL/分
勾配
SDS−PAGE:タンパク質凝集
ゲルのタイプ:NuPAGE Novex4〜12%ビストリスゲル、15ウェル
泳動緩衝液:1×MESSDS泳動緩衝液
染色試薬:SimplyBlue SafeStain、Invitrogen
ロード量:15μL
試料ロード:2.5μg
SEC−HPLCの結果
時刻0および1週目では、すべての製剤で比較的同じような結果であった。概して、メインピーク純度に関してはpH4.0〜6.0でソルビトール製剤のほうが良く働くようにみえるが、37℃で1週間インキュベートしたソルビトールのpH5.0の試料だけは例外であった。また、界面活性剤が含まれる場合も含まれない場合も、製剤間に有意な差は観察されなかった。
1週目から開始してIEX−HPLC法を実施した。このデータは、分解ピークとメインピークとが一緒になっていたため解釈が困難であり、決して明確なピーク積分ではなかった。
1週目のSEC−HPLCでの結果に一致して、還元ゲル中37℃で培養したpH8.0の製剤で高めの分子量のかすかなバンドが見られた。−20〜29℃で試料間の有意な差は観察されなかった。
以下の条件下でXENP2513の安定性を試験した。
−VWR Mini Vortexerにて周囲温度かつ低設定(setting)で試料を4時間攪拌;
−試料を−20℃で凍結させ、25℃で融解を連続5サイクル;
−試料を周囲温度でUV光に24時間曝露;
−標準品を4℃で保管し、攪拌、凍結−融解またはUV光にはさらさなかった。
攪拌後の試料は、ポリソルベートを含まない製剤以外ほぼ同じであったが、これは濾過後に実行(run)され、続いて凝集体が減っていた。
濾過した試料をはじめとして、攪拌および凍結−融解試料に有意な違いは認められなかった。しかしながら、UV試料はすべての試料で有意なプレピークを示し、これはpHと共に増加した。
非還元ゲルと還元ゲルの両方で、ポリソルベートを含有しない攪拌試料でかすかなバンドが観察された。還元ゲルで凍結−融解試料の高めの分子量のバンドが観察された。UV暴露試料では、非還元ゲルおよび還元ゲルの両方について、高めの分子量のバンドが観察され、これはpHが高くなるにつれて強度が増した。
温度保管(−20℃、4℃、29℃、37℃)でのSEC−HPLC純度および回収性に基づく12種類の製剤すべての安定性プロットを以下のとおり提示する。
pH5.0〜6.0のソルビトール製剤では、8週間のインキュベーション後に最大4℃までは最高の結果であった。しかしながら、37℃で、pH5.0のソルビトール試料が最悪になったのに対し、pH6.0のソルビトール試料は最適な製剤であった。後に、凝集体の不溶性がソルビトール製剤中の凝集体の過小評価の原因である旨が明らかになった点に注意されたい。
pH6.0〜7.0の塩化ナトリウム製剤がすべての温度で8週間のインキュベーション後に、最高の回収性を維持した。
Claims (22)
- 癌と、自己免疫疾患と、感染症と、炎症性疾患とからなる群から選択される兆候を処置する方法であって、親のFc領域に対して221、222、224、227、228、230、231、223、233、234、235、236、237、238、239、240、241、243、244、245、246、247、249、250、258、262、263、264、265、266、267、268、269、270、271、272、273、274、275、276、278、280、281、283、285、286、288、290、291、293、294、295、296、297、298、299、300、302、313、317、318、320、322、323、324、325、326、327、328、329、330、331、332、333、334、335、336および428からなる群から選択される位置でFc領域に少なくとも1つのアミノ酸置換を有し、かつ、親抗体とは異なる親和性でFcγRと結合する抗CD30抗体を投与することを含み、番号付けがKabatの分類によるEU指標に基づくものである、方法。
- 前記アミノ酸置換が、230、240、244、245、247、262、263、266、273、275、299、302、313、323、325、328、332からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記置換が、H268E、A330Y、A330L、G236Aからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体がヒト化抗体である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体が、配列番号2、4、7〜9および11からなる群から選択される可変重鎖配列および/または配列番号1、3、5、6および10からなる群から選択される可変軽鎖配列を含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体が、配列番号2、4、7〜9および11からなる群から選択される可変重鎖配列と、配列番号1、3、5、6および10からなる群から選択される可変軽鎖配列とを含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体が、配列番号13〜19からなる群から選択される重鎖定常領域および/または配列番号12の軽鎖定常領域を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体が、配列番号13〜19からなる群から選択される重鎖定常領域と、軽鎖定常領域配列番号12とを含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体が、配列番号19の重鎖配列および/または配列番号20の軽鎖配列を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体が、配列番号19の重鎖配列および配列番号20の軽鎖配列を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記修飾が改変糖型(engineered glycoform)である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記抗CD30抗体が、親抗体に比してフコシル化率の低いものである、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記FcγRが、ヒトFcγRI、FcγRIIa、FcγRIIb、FcγRIIc、FcγRIIIaからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体が、親抗体よりも高い親和性で前記FcγRに結合する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体が、親のFc領域と比較してエフェクター機能の変化したものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記エフェクター機能がADCCである、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記ADCCが親抗体よりも亢進されている、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記兆候が、ホジキンスリンパ腫または小細胞性肺癌である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 請求項1の抗体と、塩化ナトリウムと、界面活性剤とを含む、組成物。
- 界面活性剤がソルビトールである、請求項19に記載の組成物。
- 前記界面活性剤がポリソルベート20またはポリソルベート80である、請求項20に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物のpHがpH6.0〜7.0の間である、請求項21に記載の組成物。
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WO2007044616A3 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
US9574006B2 (en) | 2017-02-21 |
US20120014943A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
AU2006302254A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
CA2625998C (en) | 2015-12-01 |
US7973136B2 (en) | 2011-07-05 |
AU2011202115A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
AU2006302254B2 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
CA2625998A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
EP1951757B1 (en) | 2014-05-14 |
JP4860703B2 (ja) | 2012-01-25 |
WO2007044616A2 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
US20080267976A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
EP1951757A2 (en) | 2008-08-06 |
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