JP2009510767A - 有機ケイ素電解質を用いた電気化学二重層キャパシタ - Google Patents
有機ケイ素電解質を用いた電気化学二重層キャパシタ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009510767A JP2009510767A JP2008533342A JP2008533342A JP2009510767A JP 2009510767 A JP2009510767 A JP 2009510767A JP 2008533342 A JP2008533342 A JP 2008533342A JP 2008533342 A JP2008533342 A JP 2008533342A JP 2009510767 A JP2009510767 A JP 2009510767A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
該当なし。
該当なし。
本発明は、当該技術分野では「電気化学キャパシタ」、「スーパーキャパシタ」又は「ウルトラキャパシタ」とも称されることのある電気二重層キャパシタ(EDLC)に関する。より詳細には、本発明は、上記デバイスにおける有機ケイ素電解質の使用、及び場合によっては任意に有機ケイ素セパレータ及び/又はバインダの使用に関する。
図1の従来技術のデバイスから開始して本発明の実施態様を作製するためには、両方の電極11を作製する際に従来の液体電解質15を有機ケイ素電解質で置き換える。任意に架橋イオン伝導性ポリマーをバインダとして使用し、大きい表面積の多孔質電極材料に含浸させることで、活性材料の凝集を保証することができる。また任意に、非導電性の従来の多孔質セパレータ12を、同じ寸法であるが固体イオン伝導性ポリシロキサン材料から成るセパレータで置き換えることができる。
本発明の好ましい電極は、1つの構成部材として多孔質固体材料、特に多孔質又はナノ構造の非多孔質炭素又は炭素エアロゲル、カーボンナノチューブ、カーボンフォーム又はカーボンナノファイバを有する。ナノ構造の多孔質金属酸化物も、許容可能な材料である。
電解質の成分として有用であるために、本発明の有機ケイ素材料はイオン伝導性でなければならない。特に好ましい材料は、オルガノシラン類及びオルガノシロキサン類、例えばオリゴエチレンオキシド部位(例えば2〜500の繰返し単位)を有するものである。これらの材料は、直鎖、分岐鎖、多分岐鎖又は架橋構造を有することができ、かつ、(種々の粘度の)液体、ゲル又は固体であり得る。
Me3SiOSiMe2CH2CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)3Me
Me3SiOSiMe2O(CH2CH2O)3Me
Me3SiOSiMe2CH2CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)3SiMe3
Me3SiOSiMe2CH2O(CH2CH2O)3SiMe3
Me3SiOSiMe2CH2O(CH2CH2O)3CH2SiMe3
Me3SiOSiMe2CH2O(CH2CH2O)3CH2SiMe3
Me(CH2CH2O)3OSiMe2O(CH2CH2O)3Me
Me(CH2CH2O)3O(CH2CH2)3SiMe2O(CH2CH2O)3Me
Me(CH2CH2O)3O(CH2CH2)3SiMe2(CH2CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)3Me
が挙げられる。
本発明のEDLCに使用されるセパレータは、従来の構造を有し得る。例えば、それらは、多孔質構造のポリマー膜、例えば、PE膜、PP膜若しくはPTFE膜、又はEDLCにおいてセパレータとして使用されてきた他の既知の材料から作製され得る。一般に、Celgard Inc.社、W.L.Gore & Associates Inc.社、AMTEK Research International LLC社などのセパレータ膜製品を参照のこと。
電極/セパレータ「サンドイッチ」の外面上に、本発明者らは集電器を設けた。これらは、アルミニウム、ニッケル、銅、モリブデン、チタン、鋼、又はスーパーキャパシタにおける集電器として使用することができる任意の他の既知の導電性材料のような、導電性金属プレート又は膜である。
本発明者らが、安定かつ効率的に広範囲の電圧にわたって動作することができ、かつ2.7Vよりも高い電圧であっても動作することができるEDLCデバイスを構成することができたことが本発明の試験によって確認された。このことは今日、工業用有機電解質にとって最高水準の価値がある。図9を参照のこと。
本発明の数ある実施態様を上記に記載したが、本発明は単に開示されたこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。本発明の範囲及び特許請求の範囲内であると考えられる他の変更態様が存在する。例えば、モノリシックに構成されたカーボンナノファイバ電極は、他の液体電解質(現実には有機ケイ素か否かに関係ない)と共に使用することができる。
Claims (21)
- 電気化学二重層キャパシタであって、
第1の有機ケイ素電解質と混合された第1の多孔質材料を有する第1の電極と、
第2の電極と
を備える、電気化学二重層キャパシタ。 - 前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との間に配置されるセパレータをさらに備える、請求項1記載の電気化学二重層キャパシタ。
- 前記第1の有機ケイ素電解質が、オリゴエチレンオキシド置換されたオルガノシラン電解質である、請求項1記載の電気化学二重層キャパシタ。
- 前記第1の有機ケイ素電解質がポリシロキサン電解質である、請求項1記載の電気化学二重層キャパシタ。
- 前記第2の電極が第2の多孔質材料を含み、該第2の多孔質材料が、前記第1の多孔質材料と同じか又は異なり、かつ、前記第1の有機ケイ素電解質と同じか又は異なる第2の有機ケイ素電解質と混合されている、請求項1記載の電気化学二重層キャパシタ。
- 前記第1の多孔質材料及び前記第2の多孔質材料が、多孔質炭素、イオンのインターカレーションに好適な微結晶を有する非多孔質炭素、多孔質金属酸化物、及び電気活性ポリマーで修飾された炭素から成る群から選択され、前記第1の多孔質材料が、前記第2の多孔質材料と同じか又は異なる、請求項5記載の電気化学二重層キャパシタ。
- 前記第1の多孔質材料及び前記第2の多孔質材料が、多孔質カーボンナノチューブ及び多孔質カーボンナノファイバから成る群から選択される、請求項6記載の電気化学二重層キャパシタ。
- 前記第1の多孔質材料が、パターン化されたカーボンナノファイバ材料であり、前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極がセパレータによって分離されない、請求項1記載の電気化学二重層キャパシタ。
- 前記電極セパレータが有機ケイ素ポリマーをさらに含む、請求項2記載の電気化学二重層キャパシタ。
- 前記第1の電極に隣接する第1の集電器と、前記第2の電極に隣接する第2の集電器とをさらに備える、請求項1記載の電気化学二重層キャパシタ。
- 前記第1の集電器及び前記第2の集電器がアルミニウムを含む、請求項10記載の電気化学二重層キャパシタ。
- 前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極の両方の前記電解質がリチウム塩をさらに含む、請求項5記載の電気化学二重層キャパシタ。
- 前記リチウム塩が、前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極の両方に関して同じリチウム塩である、請求項12記載の電気化学二重層キャパシタ。
- 前記リチウム塩が、リチウム−テトラフルオロ−ボレート、リチウム−ビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミド、及びリチウムビス−オキサラトボレートから成る群から選択される、請求項13記載の電気化学二重層キャパシタ。
- 電気化学キャパシタ用の電極であって、
露出面を有する固体材料と、
有機ケイ素イオン伝導性材料と、
塩と
を含む、電気化学キャパシタ用の電極。 - 前記有機ケイ素イオン伝導性材料が、オリゴエチレンオキシド置換された有機ケイ素化合物を含む、請求項15記載の電極。
- 前記有機ケイ素イオン伝導性材料がポリシロキサンを含む、請求項16記載の電極。
- 前記ポリシロキサンが架橋ポリシロキサンである、請求項17記載の電極。
- 前記塩が、リチウム−テトラフルオロ−ボレート、リチウム−ビス(トリフルオロメチル−スルホニル)イミド、及びリチウムビス−(オキサラトボレート)から成る群から選択されるリチウム塩である、請求項15記載の電極。
- 第1の電極と第2の電極との間に配置されるセパレータを備える電気化学二重層キャパシタであって、該セパレータが、有機ケイ素イオン伝導性材料を含む、電気化学二重層キャパシタ。
- 第1の電極と第2の電極とを備える電気化学二重層キャパシタであって、これらの電極が両方とも、パターン化された配列の離間したカーボンナノファイバの一部として形成され、該電気化学二重層キャパシタが、前記電極の間にセパレータを有しない、電気化学二重層キャパシタ。
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US20080273290A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
US7466539B2 (en) | 2008-12-16 |
US7612985B2 (en) | 2009-11-03 |
WO2007040779A2 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
US20070076349A1 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
EP1938346A2 (en) | 2008-07-02 |
WO2007040779A3 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
CA2624188C (en) | 2014-01-07 |
CA2624188A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
JP4971335B2 (ja) | 2012-07-11 |
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