JP2008215473A - 鋼管用ねじ継手 - Google Patents
鋼管用ねじ継手 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2008215473A JP2008215473A JP2007052905A JP2007052905A JP2008215473A JP 2008215473 A JP2008215473 A JP 2008215473A JP 2007052905 A JP2007052905 A JP 2007052905A JP 2007052905 A JP2007052905 A JP 2007052905A JP 2008215473 A JP2008215473 A JP 2008215473A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- plating layer
- plating
- alloy
- lubricating coating
- threaded joint
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 195
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910017518 Cu Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910017752 Cu-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910017943 Cu—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910020947 Sn-M2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 10
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 38
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 38
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 32
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
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- 229910017755 Cu-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910017927 Cu—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 titanium alkoxide Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 206010035148 Plague Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910020830 Sn-Bi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910020994 Sn-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018728 Sn—Bi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910009069 Sn—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910007610 Zn—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N Gluconic acid Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910020938 Sn-Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018956 Sn—In Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008937 Sn—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007563 Zn—Bi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(i) cyanide Chemical compound [Cu+].N#[C-] DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical compound C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013716 polyethylene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WSHYKIAQCMIPTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;2-oxo-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)chromen-4-olate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=1C2=CC=CC=C2OC(=O)C=1C(CC(=O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 WSHYKIAQCMIPTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/042—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/627—Electroplating characterised by the visual appearance of the layers, e.g. colour, brightness or mat appearance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/10—Bearings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
- E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
- E21B17/042—Threaded
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L15/00—Screw-threaded joints; Forms of screw-threads for such joints
- F16L15/001—Screw-threaded joints; Forms of screw-threads for such joints with conical threads
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L15/00—Screw-threaded joints; Forms of screw-threads for such joints
- F16L15/08—Screw-threaded joints; Forms of screw-threads for such joints with supplementary elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
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Abstract
【解決手段】ピンとボックスの少なくとも一方の接触表面にCu−Zn合金又はCu−Zn−M1合金(M1は、Sn、Bi及びInから選ばれた1種又は2種以上)からなる第1のめっき層34を形成する。第1めっき層34の下層にはNiめっき層32a及び/又はCuめっき層32bの一方又は両方を形成し、上層にはSn−M2合金(M2はBi、In、Ni、Zn、及びCuから選ばれた1種又は2種以上の元素)めっき層36を形成してもよい。めっき層の上には、耐焼付き性を高めるため、固体潤滑被膜38aと粘稠液体又は半固体潤滑被膜38bを形成することができる。
【選択図】 図3
Description
図1は、出荷時の油井管用鋼管とカップリングの状態を示す典型的なねじ継手の組み立て構成を模式的に示す。鋼管Aの両端には外面に雄ねじ部3aを有するピン1が形成され、カップリングBの両側には、内面に雌ねじ部3bを有するボックス2が形成されている。ピンとは雄ねじを有する方のねじ継手部分を、ボックスとは雌ねじを有する方のねじ継手部分をそれぞれ意味する。鋼管Aの一端には予めカップリングBが締付けられている。図示していないが、締付けられていない鋼管AのピンとカップリングBのボックスには、それぞれのねじ部の保護のためのプロテクターが出荷前に装着され、これらはねじ継手の使用前に取り外される。
本発明のねじ継手で締結する鋼管は油井管が好ましい。本発明の鋼管用ねじ継手は耐焼付き性に非常に優れているので、焼付きが起こり易い高合金鋼製の油井管用ねじ継手として使用した場合においても、メイクアップとブレークアウトを繰り返した時の焼付きを防止することができる。
Cu−Zn系合金からなる第1のめっき層の密着性を高めるために、必要に応じ、Niめっき層とCuめっき層の一方又は両方からなる第2のめっき層を、第1のめっき層の下層に下地めっきとして形成することができる。
下地の第1のめっき層の厚みは0.2〜2μmの範囲が好ましく、より好ましくは0.5〜1μmである。CuとNiの両方のめっき層を形成する場合には、2層の合計厚みが2μmを超えないことが好ましい。
Cu−Zn系合金からなる第1のめっき層は、鋼管用ねじ継手に耐漏れ性と耐焼付き性を付与すると同時に、耐焼付き性を高めるために接触表面をグリーンドープや潤滑被膜で被覆した場合にも、隙間腐食の発生を防いで、それによる耐漏れ性や耐焼付き性の低下を回避するために本発明において必須のめっき層である。下地として上記の第2のめっき層を形成しない場合には、この第1のめっき層が最下層のめっきとなる。
第1のめっき層がCu−Zn合金である場合、合金中のZn含有量は20〜90%の範囲内であることが好ましく、より好ましくは30〜70%である。Zn含有量が低すぎると、めっき層の耐食性が低下し、隙間腐食を防止することができなくなる。Zn含有量が高すぎると、耐漏れ性や耐焼付き性が低下する。
第1のめっき層は、Snを含有しないか、含有していてもその量が比較的少ないことから、その上層に自己潤滑性の高いめっき層を形成することにより、本発明の鋼管用ねじ継手の耐焼付き性をさらに高めることができる。そのために、第3のめっき層は、Sn−M2合金(M2はBi、In、Ni、Zn、及びCuから選ばれた1種又は2種以上の元素)めっきとする。この第3のめっき層は、必要に応じて第1のめっき層の上に形成すればよい。
第1のめっき層がCu−Zn−M1合金である場合も、Cu−Zn合金用のめっき液にM1金属化合物を溶解させためっき浴を使用して、同様にめっきを行うことができる。特に、Cu−Zn−Snめっきは、金色のめっき被膜となることから、古くから金めっきの代用として利用されており、Sn含有量によりめっき被膜の色調が変化する(Sn含有量が多くなると銀白色になる)ことから、組成の異なるシアン化浴めっき液が多数市販されている。それをそのまま使用してめっきを行うこともできる。
本発明の鋼管用ねじ継手は、上記のSn−Zn系合金からなる第1のめっき層と、場合により下層の第2のめっき層及び/又は上層の第3のめっき層を接触表面に有するだけで、ねじ継手の材質によっては、メイクアップ前にグリーンドープを塗布するか、あるいは無ドープでも、十分な耐焼付き性や耐漏れ性を発揮する。しかし、ねじ継手の材質が焼付きの起こり易い高合金鋼である場合などは、必要に応じて、少なくとも1層の潤滑被膜をめっき層の上に形成して、耐焼付き性をさらに高めることができる。
固体潤滑被膜に使用する好ましい潤滑性粉末の例としては、それらに制限されないが、黒鉛、MoS2(二硫化モリブデン)、WS2(二硫化タングステン)、BN(窒化ホウ素)、PTFE(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン)、CFx(フッ化黒鉛)、CaCO3(炭酸カルシウム)などが挙げられる。中でも、黒鉛、フッ化黒鉛、MoS2及びWS2がより好ましい。これらは、層状結晶構造とり、結晶の面内結合強度が高く、面間結合強度が弱いので、すべり効果を与える面間剥離を生じやすく、耐焼付き性の向上に好都合である。
粘稠液状又は半固体の潤滑被膜は、環境や人体に有害なPb,Zn,Cuなどの重金属の粉末を実質的に含有しないことが好ましい。このような潤滑皮膜は、基油(例、鉱物油、高級脂肪酸エステル、グリース)にかなり多量の各種潤滑性付与成分(例、極圧剤として機能する高塩基性Caスルホネート、フェネート、サリシレート、カルボキシレート等の高塩基性金属塩、ワックス、金属石けん)を1種又は2種以上含有させたものであり、基油の粘度や固体成分の含有量に応じて、性状が粘稠液体又は半固体となる。市販のグリーンドープを利用してこの潤滑被膜を形成することもできる。粘稠液体また半固体潤滑皮膜の好ましい厚みは10〜200μmである。
高合金鋼の1種であるCr13%鋼(NiとMo添加)からなる外径244.5mm、肉厚13.84mm、長さ1200mmの継目無鋼管の両端に切削加工により形成された雄ねじ部及びねじ無し金属接触部(メタルシール部)を有するピンと、このピンを挿入して接続するための、同じ鋼種からなるカップリングの内面の両側に切削加工により形成された雌ねじ部及びねじ無し金属接触部を有するボックスをそれぞれ多数個ずつ製造した。
(下地第2めっき層)
Niめっき:ウッド浴を使用、
Cuめっき:シアン浴を使用。
いずれもシアン浴を使用。
Cu−Zn合金めっき:Zn(含有量)約32%、
Cu−Zn−Sn合金めっき:Zn約7%、Sn約40%、
Cu−Zn−Bi合金めっき:Zn約30%、Bi約10%、
Cu−Zn−In合金めっき:Zn約25%、In約15%。
いずれもメタンスルホン酸浴を使用。
Sn−In合金めっき:In約5%、
Sn−Cu−Bi合金めっき:Cu約10%;Bi約1%、
Sn−Ni合金めっき:Ni約8%、
Sn−Bi合金めっき:Bi約1%、
Sn−Zn合金めっき:Zn約3%。
比較例で使用しためっき層のうち、下記のめっき層を除いて、上記と同様であった。
Cu−Sn合金めっき:中性浴を使用;Cu約36%、Sn約64%。
黒鉛含有固体潤滑被膜:エポキシ樹脂中に潤滑性粉末として黒鉛を30%の量で分散させた組成物の塗布と焼付け(加熱温度約200℃)により形成された潤滑被膜。
(グリーンドープ)
グリーンドープは、Bestolife Corporation社製のBestolife "3010"(r)NM SPECIALを使用した。塗布厚みは約100μm。グリーンドープは、本来は現場でのメイクアップ前に塗布して使用されるものであるが、本例では試験のために、鋼管用ねじ継手の被覆処理に含めて、場合により最後に塗布した。
×:10μm以上、
以上の試験の結果も表1に併せて示す。
Claims (8)
- ねじ部とねじ無し金属接触部とを有する接触表面をそれぞれ備えたピンとボックスとから構成される鋼管用ねじ継手であって、ピンとボックスの少なくとも一方の接触表面が、Cu−Zn合金からなる第1のめっき層を有することを特徴とする鋼管用ねじ継手。
- ねじ部とねじ無し金属接触部とを有する接触表面をそれぞれ備えたピンとボックスとから構成される鋼管用ねじ継手であって、ピンとボックスの少なくとも一方の接触表面が、Cu−Zn−M1合金(M1は、Sn、Bi及びInから選ばれた1種又は2種以上の元素)からなる第1のめっき層を有することを特徴とする鋼管用ねじ継手。
- 前記少なくとも一方の接触表面が、前記第1のめっき層の下層として、Cuめっき及びNiめっきから選ばれた少なくとも1つの第2のめっき層を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の鋼管用ねじ継手。
- 前記少なくとも一方の接触表面が、前記第1のめっき層の上層として、Sn−M2合金(M2はBi、In、Ni、Zn、及びCuから選ばれた1種又は2種以上の元素)からなる第3のめっき層を有する、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の鋼管用ねじ継手。
- 最上層のめっき層の表面に少なくとも1層の潤滑被膜を有する、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の鋼管用ねじ継手。
- 潤滑被膜が、粘稠液体潤滑被膜、半固体潤滑被膜及び固体潤滑被膜から選ばれた1層の潤滑被膜である請求項5に記載の鋼管用ねじ継手。
- 潤滑被膜が、下層の固体潤滑被膜と上層の粘稠液体潤滑被膜又は半固体潤滑被膜とからなる2層の潤滑被膜である請求項5に記載の鋼管用ねじ継手。
- 固体潤滑被膜が潤滑性粉末を含有する請求項6又は7に記載の鋼管用ねじ継手。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2007052905A JP4924103B2 (ja) | 2007-03-02 | 2007-03-02 | 油井管用ねじ継手 |
UAA200910018A UA96981C2 (ru) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | Резьбовое соединение для стальных труб |
EP08720987.0A EP2128506B1 (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | Screw joint for steel pipe |
EA200970827A EA015144B1 (ru) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | Резьбовое соединение для стальных труб |
CA2675613A CA2675613C (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | Threaded joint for steel tubes |
AU2008222067A AU2008222067B2 (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | Threaded joint for steel tubes |
MYPI20093448 MY151616A (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | Threaded joint for steel tubes |
BRPI0807034-2A BRPI0807034B1 (pt) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | Junta rosqueada para tubos de aço. |
PCT/JP2008/053492 WO2008108263A1 (ja) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | 鋼管用ねじ継手 |
CN200880004755.1A CN101627246B (zh) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | 钢管用螺纹接头 |
PL08720987T PL2128506T3 (pl) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | Złącze skręcane do rury stalowej |
MX2009009162A MX2009009162A (es) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | Junta roscada para tubos de acero. |
ARP080100868A AR065570A1 (es) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-29 | Union roscada para tubos de acero |
EG2009071125A EG25490A (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2009-07-26 | Threaded joint for steel tubes |
US12/551,651 US8276946B2 (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2009-09-01 | Threaded joint for steel tubes |
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JP2007052905A Active JP4924103B2 (ja) | 2007-03-02 | 2007-03-02 | 油井管用ねじ継手 |
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US (1) | US8276946B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2128506B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4924103B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101627246B (ja) |
AR (1) | AR065570A1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2008222067B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0807034B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2675613C (ja) |
EA (1) | EA015144B1 (ja) |
EG (1) | EG25490A (ja) |
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MY (1) | MY151616A (ja) |
PL (1) | PL2128506T3 (ja) |
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JP2011106627A (ja) * | 2009-11-19 | 2011-06-02 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 油井管用のねじ継手 |
WO2011046909A3 (en) * | 2009-10-13 | 2011-07-28 | Hydrill Company | Wedge threads with a solid lubricant coating |
WO2013057926A1 (ja) * | 2011-10-17 | 2013-04-25 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 管のねじ継手 |
JP2013515918A (ja) * | 2009-12-23 | 2013-05-09 | ヴァルレック・マンネスマン・オイル・アンド・ガス・フランス | 耐摩耗性ねじ式管状コンポーネント及びそのコンポーネントを被覆する方法 |
WO2015174095A1 (ja) * | 2014-05-15 | 2015-11-19 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 管用ねじ継手用めっき液及び管用ねじ継手の製造方法 |
WO2017110685A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-06-29 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 管用ねじ継手及び管用ねじ継手の製造方法 |
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WO2018003455A1 (ja) | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-04 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 管用ねじ継手及び管用ねじ継手の製造方法 |
KR101843551B1 (ko) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-03-30 | 한성정밀강관(주) | 금속성 파이프의 인발을 위한 아연 피막 생성 방법 |
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WO2011046909A3 (en) * | 2009-10-13 | 2011-07-28 | Hydrill Company | Wedge threads with a solid lubricant coating |
CN102648370A (zh) * | 2009-10-13 | 2012-08-22 | 海德瑞公司 | 带有固体润滑剂涂层的楔形螺纹 |
JP2013507596A (ja) * | 2009-10-13 | 2013-03-04 | ハイドリル・カンパニー | 固体潤滑剤コーティングを有する楔形ねじ |
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JP2011106627A (ja) * | 2009-11-19 | 2011-06-02 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 油井管用のねじ継手 |
US9206376B2 (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2015-12-08 | Vallourec Oil And Gas France | Galling-resistant threaded tubular component, and process for coating said component |
JP2013515918A (ja) * | 2009-12-23 | 2013-05-09 | ヴァルレック・マンネスマン・オイル・アンド・ガス・フランス | 耐摩耗性ねじ式管状コンポーネント及びそのコンポーネントを被覆する方法 |
JP2013087829A (ja) * | 2011-10-17 | 2013-05-13 | Jfe Steel Corp | 管のねじ継手 |
AU2012324340B2 (en) * | 2011-10-17 | 2016-01-07 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Threaded coupling for pipe |
US9470345B2 (en) | 2011-10-17 | 2016-10-18 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Threaded joint for pipes |
WO2013057926A1 (ja) * | 2011-10-17 | 2013-04-25 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 管のねじ継手 |
WO2015174095A1 (ja) * | 2014-05-15 | 2015-11-19 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 管用ねじ継手用めっき液及び管用ねじ継手の製造方法 |
US10370770B2 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2019-08-06 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Plating solution for threaded connection for pipe or tube and producing method of threaded connection for pipe or tube |
JP2018516343A (ja) * | 2015-04-23 | 2018-06-21 | ヴァルレック オイル アンド ガス フランス | ねじ切り及びシール面上の金属コーティングを備えたねじ状管状連結部 |
US10359133B2 (en) | 2015-12-25 | 2019-07-23 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Threaded connection for pipe or tube and method of producing the threaded connection for pipe or tube |
EA034055B1 (ru) * | 2015-12-25 | 2019-12-23 | Ниппон Стил Корпорейшн | Резьбовое соединение для трубы или патрубка и способ изготовления резьбового соединения для трубы или патрубка |
EA034137B1 (ru) * | 2015-12-25 | 2020-01-09 | Ниппон Стил Корпорейшн | Резьбовое соединение для трубы или трубопровода и способ изготовления резьбового соединения для трубы или трубопровода |
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JPWO2017110686A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-25 | 2018-07-05 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 管用ねじ継手及び管用ねじ継手の製造方法 |
JPWO2017110685A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-25 | 2018-08-09 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 管用ねじ継手及び管用ねじ継手の製造方法 |
CN108474502A (zh) * | 2015-12-25 | 2018-08-31 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | 管用螺纹接头和管用螺纹接头的制造方法 |
WO2017110686A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-06-29 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 管用ねじ継手及び管用ねじ継手の製造方法 |
WO2018003455A1 (ja) | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-04 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 管用ねじ継手及び管用ねじ継手の製造方法 |
JPWO2018074212A1 (ja) * | 2016-10-18 | 2019-08-08 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 管用ねじ継手及び管用ねじ継手の製造方法 |
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KR101843551B1 (ko) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-03-30 | 한성정밀강관(주) | 금속성 파이프의 인발을 위한 아연 피막 생성 방법 |
US10577702B2 (en) | 2016-11-04 | 2020-03-03 | Han Sung Minuteness Steel Pipe Co., Ltd. | Zinc coating-forming method for drawing of metallic pipes |
WO2018216475A1 (ja) | 2017-05-22 | 2018-11-29 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 油井管用ねじ継手及び油井管用ねじ継手の製造方法 |
WO2018216497A1 (ja) | 2017-05-22 | 2018-11-29 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 管用ねじ継手及び管用ねじ継手の製造方法 |
US11391400B2 (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2022-07-19 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Threaded connection for pipes or tubes and method for producing the threaded connection for pipes or tubes |
US11408550B2 (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2022-08-09 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Threaded connection for oil country tubular goods and method for producing threaded connection for oil country tubular goods |
WO2019044961A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-03-07 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 管用ねじ継手及び管用ねじ継手の製造方法 |
JPWO2019044961A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-04 | 2020-10-08 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 管用ねじ継手及び管用ねじ継手の製造方法 |
WO2023238864A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-07 | 2023-12-14 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼管用ねじ継手 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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PL2128506T3 (pl) | 2019-08-30 |
CA2675613C (en) | 2012-10-09 |
WO2008108263A1 (ja) | 2008-09-12 |
BRPI0807034A2 (pt) | 2014-04-22 |
CN101627246B (zh) | 2014-05-28 |
UA96981C2 (ru) | 2011-12-26 |
US20100059986A1 (en) | 2010-03-11 |
EG25490A (en) | 2012-01-15 |
EA015144B1 (ru) | 2011-06-30 |
US8276946B2 (en) | 2012-10-02 |
EP2128506A1 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
AU2008222067A1 (en) | 2008-09-12 |
CA2675613A1 (en) | 2008-09-12 |
BRPI0807034B1 (pt) | 2019-05-07 |
MX2009009162A (es) | 2009-09-04 |
EP2128506B1 (en) | 2019-01-23 |
AU2008222067B2 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
EA200970827A1 (ru) | 2010-02-26 |
AR065570A1 (es) | 2009-06-17 |
CN101627246A (zh) | 2010-01-13 |
EP2128506A4 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
MY151616A (en) | 2014-06-30 |
JP4924103B2 (ja) | 2012-04-25 |
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