JP2007516108A - ガス含侵ポリマーから熱成形された製品を製造する方法 - Google Patents
ガス含侵ポリマーから熱成形された製品を製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007516108A JP2007516108A JP2006533099A JP2006533099A JP2007516108A JP 2007516108 A JP2007516108 A JP 2007516108A JP 2006533099 A JP2006533099 A JP 2006533099A JP 2006533099 A JP2006533099 A JP 2006533099A JP 2007516108 A JP2007516108 A JP 2007516108A
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- thermoforming
- temperature
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、「熱成形された発泡熱可塑性パッケージング」と題する、2003年5月17日付けで出願された米国仮出願番号60/471,477の優先権を主張する。
発明の背景
発明の分野
この発明は、熱成形された熱可塑性ポリマー物品を製造する方法に関する。更に具体的には、この発明は、熱成形する前にポリマーにガスを含浸させることにより可能となる熱成形改良法に関する。
関連技術の説明
現代生活においては、熱成形法を使用して多様な形状の物品が製造されている。熱可塑性である熱成形シートから製造される製品としては、トレイ、ボウル、ビーカー、標識、書類カバンの骨組み、冷蔵庫のドアライナー、及びパッケージが挙げられる。
本発明の簡単な要旨
本発明は、熱成形において使用される熱可塑性物質の性能を向上するために固体状態のガス含浸法を利用する。ポリマーシートのロールを提供し、ガス流路形成手段を複数のポリマーの層間に挟み込む。このロールを、ポリマー内部で高圧ガスが高い濃度に達するのに十分な時間、高圧で非反応性ガスに曝露する。ガスが可塑化性ガスである場合は、曝露はポリマーの可塑化効果をもたらすために必要な時間行う。次いで、飽和されたポリマーシートをガス流路形成手段から切り離して、減圧し、続いて熱成形する。可塑化性ガスを利用する態様においては、曝露されたポリマーのガラス転移温度は低下するので、熱成形は、曝露されていないポリマーを熱成形するために使用される温度より低い温度で行うことができる。
図面の簡単な説明
本発明の他の目的、利点、特色及び特徴、ならびに、方法、構造のうち関連した諸要素の方法、操作及び機能や、部品と組織の配置の組合せは、添付する図面(図面はすべて本明細書の一部を形成する)を参照しながら以下の説明と特許請求の範囲を考慮することにより明らかとなる。
本発明の具体的な説明
本発明は、熱成形のために熱可塑性物質の可塑性を可逆的に向上するための方法を対象とする。本方法は、一般的には、ガラス状非晶質、非ガラス状エラストマー、又は半結晶質熱可塑性のポリマー若しくはコポリマーに適用できる。本明細書中において多くの記載はPETに関して例証されているが、他のポリマー又はポリマー混合物をPETの代わりに、又はPETに加えて使用してもよいことは認識されるべきである。Mitsuko Takadaらによる「高い融解温度及び結晶化度のためのポリプロピレンのCO2アシスト結晶化(CO2-Assisted Crystallization of Polypropylene for Increased Melting Temperature and Crystallinity)」, Proceedings of Polymer Processing Society meeting, Hertogenbosh, Netherland, 1999年3月31日に開示されているように、適するガス−ポリマー系としてはCO2及びポリプロピレンが挙げられる。他のガス及び圧力を使用してもよい(例えば、CO2をポリエチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン、ポリカーボネート、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、及びポリプロピレンに関して使用してもよい;また、N2ガスをポリスチレンに関して使用してもよい)。これらの教示は、任意又はすべてのそのようなポリマーの熱成形のための可塑性を可逆的に向上することを包含するものと意図されている。
実施例:
実施例1の試験。以下の各実施例において、厚さ0.762mmの未使用PETを、摂氏21度にて67.25時間、4MPaの圧力でCO2により飽和した。減圧後10分以内に、この飽和させた材料を摂氏100度にて発泡させ、殆ど又はまったく目立たないスキン層と荒い表面テクスチャをもつ発泡ポリマーを得た。熱成形オーブンを一定温度(摂氏約550度)に保持した。熱成形した可塑性物質の温度は、加熱する時間とともに上昇した。面積延伸比2.4、高さ11.11cm、頂部開口8.636cm、高さ対幅の比1.29、底部直径5.842cm、垂直からの平均壁角度6.5度である片面成形用雄型を使用した。発泡後の脱気時間を変化させて、有意なスキン層を持たない発泡対象物の異なる温度での熱成形に関して、脱気の影響を観察した。図2に示すように、発泡後の脱気経過時間が熱成形前に増加すると、ポリマー中のガス濃度は減少する。
1.発泡後脱ガス時間10〜19分での試験:
成形圧力:0.31MPa。すべての試験において熱成形中の二次膨張が観察された。
試験2:加熱時間10秒:カップが形成された、若干のしわ、良好な鋳型細部精度
試験3:加熱時間15秒:膨れと発泡−気泡の二次膨張を保つのに十分なスキンではなかった。
2.発泡後脱ガス時間2.5時間での試験:
成形圧力:0.31MPa。すべての試験において熱成形中の二次膨張が観察された。
試験2:加熱時間12秒:カップが形成された、良好な鋳型細部精度、若干のしわ
3.発泡後脱ガス時間23時間での試験:
成形圧力:0.31MPa。いずれの試験においても熱成形機中の二次膨張は認められなかった。
試験2:加熱時間8秒:カップが形成された、精度が悪い、しわがない、
試験3:加熱時間10秒:カップが形成された、鋳型細部精度が悪い、しわがない、
4.発泡後脱ガス時間51時間での試験:
成形には0.758MPaの成形圧力が必要であった。いずれの試験においても熱成形機中の二次膨張は認められなかった。
試験2:加熱時間8秒:可塑性物質を完全な奥行きでクランプフレームから引き出した、部分的カップ
試験3:加熱時間14秒:部分的にカップが形成された、可塑性物質クランプフレームでは延伸に対して可塑性シートが保持されなかった
実施例1 結論:厚い又は顕著なスキンなしでフォームを熱成形する場合:
a.発泡後の脱ガス時間が短いと、加熱時間(発泡温度)が制限されて、熱成形するのに低すぎる温度となった−より長い時間により膨れが引き起こされた;
b. ガス濃度対成形性(延性)の最良の妥協は、数時間の脱着時間であった;
c.脱ガス時間が長いと成形性が低下した。51時間では、110psiの成形圧力であっても、延性が低いために加熱時間14秒でカップを形成することができず、23時間の脱ガス時間では、45psiの圧力にて加熱時間4秒でカップがつくられた;
d. 熱成形機における二次膨張は、細部−を増やす
実施例2の試験。以下の各実施例において、厚さ0.762mmの未使用PETを、摂氏21度にて26時間、5MPaの圧力でCO2により飽和した。減圧後成形前の脱着時間を変化させることにより、種々の厚さをもつスキンをつくった。飽和させ部分的に脱着された材料を、摂氏105度で2分間発泡させ、未発泡ポリマーに対して21%の密度をもつ発泡ポリマーを得た。熱成形オーブンを一定温度(摂氏約550℃)に保持した。熱成形した可塑性物質の温度は、加熱する時間に比例した。面積延伸比1.7、高さ8.73cm、頂部開口7.62cm、高さ対幅の比1.31、底部直径5.08cm、垂直からの平均壁角度6.5度である片面成形用雄型を使用した。
試験セット1:減圧10〜20分以内の発泡:発泡10以内で熱成形を試みた。10〜15秒の加熱時間ではカップは適切に形成されなかった。加熱時間を増加させると、カップに歪みと膨れを引き起こした。これらのカップは、形成を試みる間に可塑性物質が裂けた。肉眼に明らかなスキンは形成されなかった。
試験セット2:発泡前の脱着1.5時間。発泡材料上になめらかな光沢あるスキンが観察された。すべてのカップは、面積延伸比2.1であった。
b.19時間脱ガス、発泡後50分、熱成形加熱時間10秒:精度の悪いカップ;可塑性物質はクランプフレームから滑り出た。
実施例2 結論:
a.脱ガス時間が長いと対象物形成のためにより高い温度を必要とした。
c.ガス濃度およそ0.5重量%では、延性は殆どPETに付与されない。
実施例3の試験。摂氏21度にてCO2により圧力5MPaで40時間飽和させた、厚さ0.889mmの再利用PETに関して多数の試験を行った。顕著なスキンを形成するため、ポリマーを減圧して、およそ390分間、CO2を脱着させた。次いで、ポリマーを、摂氏550度にて赤外線ヒーターにおいて10〜30秒の様々な時間発泡させ、その後すぐに熱成形した。面積延伸比1.97、高さ11.11cm、頂部開口8.26cm、高さ対幅の比1.31、底部直径5.72cm、垂直からの平均壁角度7.0度である片面成形用雄型を使用した。得られる発泡対象物の相対密度は、未発泡ポリマーに対して平均20%であった。
実施例3 結論:ガス含浸ポリマーを用いて発泡から熱成形までの連続的な処理が可能であり、急な壁を有し高さ対幅の比が1:1を超える、相対的に密度が低い対象物が得られる。
実施例1を実施例2及び3と比較すると、堅牢で完全なスキンにより強度が増し、それにより、溝を深くすることが可能となり、また、そのスキンは二次膨張を含み、それにより、高いガス濃度であっても膨れの形成が妨げられることは明らかである。完全なスキンにより、従来技術によるフォーム熱成形において広く使用された閉鎖型工作機械ではなく、開放型片面工作機械の使用が可能となる。
Claims (20)
- 熱成形のためにポリマー材料の可塑性を可逆的に向上する方法であって:
(a) 未処理のポリマー材料の物品にガス流路形成手段を挟み込み;
(b) 該挟み込み物品を、該ポリマーの内部において所望のガス濃度を達成するのに十分な時間、該ポリマー中に可溶性である可塑化性ガスに高圧で曝露し、それにより、少なくとも部分的にガス飽和し、可塑化された曝露ポリマー物品を形成し;そして、
(c) 該曝露ポリマー物品を減圧し、該物品を該ガス流路形成手段から分離する、ことを含む前記方法。 - ポリマー対象物を高精度で熱成形する方法であって:
(a) 未処理のポリマー材料の物品にガス流路形成手段を挟み込み;
(b) 該挟み込み物品を、該ポリマーの内部において所望のガス濃度を達成するのに十分な時間、該ポリマー中に可溶性である非反応性ガスに高圧で曝露し、それにより、少なくとも部分的にガス飽和した、曝露ポリマー物品を形成し;
(c) 該曝露ポリマー物品を減圧し、該物品を該ガス流路形成手段から分離し;そして、
(d) 該少なくとも部分的にガス飽和したポリマー物品から対象物を熱成形する、ことを含む前記方法。 - 熱成形する前に物品を発泡させることを更に含む、請求項2記載の方法。
- 物品を曝露している間にポリマー内部において適するガス濃度を達成し、かつ、該曝露物品のガラス転移温度と等しいか又はそれを超える温度まで減圧後の該物品を加熱することにより、該物品を発泡させる、請求項3記載の方法。
- 物品が減圧後に加熱される温度が、曝露されていないポリマーについてのガラス転移温度より低い、請求項4記載の方法。
- 物品を、ガラス転移温度と等しい温度、又は、ガラス転移温度を超え、曝露された物品の融解温度よりも低い温度まで加熱する、請求項4記載の方法。
- 材料又は対象物が予め発泡されたポリマーを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 熱成形が、物品をそのガラス転移温度とその融解温度の間の温度まで加熱することを含む、請求項2記載の方法。
- 熱成形温度が、未処理のポリマー材料の融解温度よりガラス転移温度に近い、請求項8記載の方法。
- 物品を熱成形するときに発泡する、請求項2記載の方法。
- 物品を加熱することなく成形することにより熱成形する、請求項2記載の方法。
- 高精度で深い延伸を可能とする発泡されていないポリマー対象物を形成する方法であって:
(a) 未処理のポリマー材料の物品にガス流路形成手段を挟み込み;
(b) 該挟み込み物品を、該ポリマーの内部において所望のガス濃度を達成するのに十分な時間、該ポリマー中に可溶性である非反応性ガスに高圧で曝露し、それにより、少なくとも部分的にガス飽和した、曝露ポリマー物品を形成し;
(c) 該物品を該ガス該ガス流路形成手段から分離し;
(d) 該少なくとも部分的にガス飽和したポリマー物品から圧力下で対象物を熱成形し;そして、
(e) 該成形対象物を減圧し、該可塑化性ガスを脱着させる、ことを含む前記方法。 - 対象物を形成する工程を、ガス飽和されたポリマー物品に追加の熱を施用することなく実施する、請求項12記載の方法。
- 物品が二つの側面を有し、対象物を、該物品の二つの側面の間の圧力差を用いることにより形成する、請求項13記載の方法。
- 機械的手段を用いて対象物を形成する、請求項13記載の方法。
- 圧力を用いて対象物を形成する、請求項13記載の方法。
- 機械的手段を用いて対象物を形成して、物品を所望の形状の対象物とする、請求項13記載の方法。
- 物品が予め発泡されたポリマーを含む、請求項12記載の方法。
- 壁の角度が垂直から35度未満である、熱成形された発泡対象物を製造する方法。
- 深さ対幅の比が1:1を超える、熱成形された発泡対象物を製造する方法。
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Cited By (1)
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JP2006007657A (ja) * | 2004-06-28 | 2006-01-12 | Japan Science & Technology Agency | 樹脂成形体の製造方法 |
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EP1636009A1 (en) | 2006-03-22 |
US7501175B2 (en) | 2009-03-10 |
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CN1822940A (zh) | 2006-08-23 |
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AU2004241444A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
JP2011126278A (ja) | 2011-06-30 |
KR20060081655A (ko) | 2006-07-13 |
WO2004103828A2 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
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US20050203198A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
WO2004104072A2 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
US20060257606A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
WO2004103828A3 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
AU2004241444B2 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
EA200501797A1 (ru) | 2006-12-29 |
EP2730386A3 (en) | 2014-09-24 |
WO2004104072A3 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
KR20060090163A (ko) | 2006-08-10 |
EP1636009A4 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
WO2004103828A8 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
JP2007516107A (ja) | 2007-06-21 |
CN1822939A (zh) | 2006-08-23 |
EP1636008A2 (en) | 2006-03-22 |
AU2004241252A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
BRPI0411154A (pt) | 2006-07-11 |
MXPA05012436A (es) | 2006-05-25 |
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