JP2007503983A - 改良されたディーゼル排気フィルター - Google Patents
改良されたディーゼル排気フィルター Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007503983A JP2007503983A JP2006524875A JP2006524875A JP2007503983A JP 2007503983 A JP2007503983 A JP 2007503983A JP 2006524875 A JP2006524875 A JP 2006524875A JP 2006524875 A JP2006524875 A JP 2006524875A JP 2007503983 A JP2007503983 A JP 2007503983A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- porous wall
- layer
- filter element
- exhaust filter
- catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 76
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960003753 nitric oxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000009 barium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229920003105 Methocel™ A15 LV Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 alumina Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003091 Methocel™ Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003445 palladium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003450 rhodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
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- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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Abstract
Description
本出願は2003年8月29日に出願された米国仮出願第60/499130号の優先権を主張する。
針状ムライトを含む硬質多孔質壁部材を有する、寸法が2.5cm×2.5cm×7.7cm(長さ)のディーゼル排気フィルターを、特許文献1の教示に従って作製する。8重量%“Methocel A15LV”溶液(The Dow Chemical Company,Midland,MI,USA)3.0g及び26.7重量%コロイダルアルミナ懸濁液(“Dispal 18N4−80”、Sasol North America,Inc.,Houston,TX,USA)30.0gを含む液体溶液を製造する。その溶液の13.2gをフィルターに塗布し、そのディーゼル排気フィルターの多孔質壁をその液体で満たす。その溶液がそのディーゼル排気フィルター中に均一に分配された後、フィルターはオーブン中において115℃で乾燥する。ディーゼル排気フィルターは、次いでオーブン中において500℃で1時間焼成する。焼成に続いて、焼成フィルターは硝酸白金溶液(Heraeus Metal Processing,Inc.,Santa Fe Springs,CA,USA)中に浸漬することにより、白金0.091gを焼成フィルターに適用する。115℃で乾燥後、フィルターは、水10.0g及び硝酸バリウム(Aldrich Chemical Co.,Milwaukee,WI,USA)1.56gの80℃の溶液に含浸し、次いで115℃で乾燥する。乾燥フィルターは600℃で1時間焼成して、窒素酸化物を吸着するディーゼル排気フィルターを形成する。ディーゼル排気フィルターの吸入流路は、次いで、フィルターの一端、通路(way)の90%を、湿式含浸により製造された白金1重量%坦持γ−アルミナ(“Catalox SBa−150,Sasol North America,Inc.,Houston,TX,USA)20.0g、“Dispal 18N4−80”(Sasol North America,Inc.,Houston,TX,USA)2.0g、8重量%“Methocel A15LV”(The Dow Chemical Company,Midland,MI,USA)2.0g及び水77gのウォッシュコートの懸濁液中に含浸することによって被覆して、ディーゼル排気フィルターの多孔質壁の吸入側のみをその粒子で被覆し、ディーゼル酸化触媒層を形成する。このフィルターはオーブン中115℃で乾燥する。ディーゼル排気フィルターの排出流路は、同様に、その通路の90%のフィルターの反対側の端を、白金1.2%坦持γ−アルミナ(“Catalox SBa−150,Sasol North America,Houston,TX,USA)13.33g、ロジウム0.24重量%坦持CeO2:ZrO22:1共沈殿物6.67g、“Dispal 18N−4”(Sasol North America,Inc.,Houston,TX,USA)2.0g、8重量%“Methocel A15LV”(The Dow Chemical Company,Midland,MI,USA)2.0g及び水77gから製造されたウォッシュコートの懸濁液中に含浸することによって被覆して、ディーゼル排気フィルターの多孔質壁の排出側がその粒子で被覆し、三元触媒層を形成する。フィルターが乾燥した後、ディーゼル排気フィルターはオーブン中600℃で1時間焼成して、図5に示すような、多孔質壁部材を有する本発明のディーゼル排気フィルターの一態様を作製した。
針状ムライトを含む硬質多孔質壁部材を有する、寸法が2.5cm×2.5cm×7.7cm(長さ)のディーゼル排気フィルターを、特許文献1の教示に従って作製する。8重量%“Methocel A15LV”溶液(The Dow Chemical Company,Midland,MI,USA)3.0g及び26.7重量%コロイダルアルミナ懸濁液(“Dispal 18N4−80”、Sasol North America,Inc.,Houston,TX,USA)30.0gを含む液体溶液を製造する。その溶液の13.2gを、フィルターに塗布し、そのディーゼル排気フィルターの多孔質壁をその液体で満たす。この溶液をディーゼル排気フィルター中に均一に分配させた後、フィルターはオーブン中115℃で乾燥する。このディーゼル排気フィルターは、次いでオーブン中500℃で1時間焼成する。焼成に続いて、その焼成フィルターを硝酸白金溶液(Heraeus Metal Processing,Inc.,Santa Fe Springs,CA,USA)中に含浸することにより、白金0.091gを焼成フィルターに適用する。115℃で乾燥後、フィルターは、水10.0g及び硝酸バリウム(Aldrich Chemical Co.,Milwaukee,WI,USA)1.56gの80℃の溶液に含浸し、次いで115℃で乾燥する。乾燥フィルターは600℃で1時間焼成して、窒素酸化物を吸着するディーゼル排気フィルターを形成させる。このディーゼル排気フィルターの吸入流路は、フィルターの一端、通路(way)の80%を、湿式浸漬により製造された白金1重量%坦持γ−アルミナ(“Catalox SBa−150,Sasol North America,Inc.,Houston,TX,USA)20.0g、“Dispal 18N4−80”(Sasol North America,Inc.,Houston,TX,USA)2.0g、8重量%“Methocel A15LV”(The Dow Chemical Company,Midland,MI,USA)2.0g及び水77gのウォッシュコートの懸濁液中に含浸することによって被覆して、ディーゼル排気フィルターの多孔質壁の吸入側のみを粒子で被覆し、ディーゼル酸化触媒層を形成する。このフィルターはオーブン中115℃で乾燥し、次いで600℃で焼成して、図6に示すような、多孔質壁部材を有する本発明の1つのディーゼル排気フィルターの態様を作製した。
針状ムライトを含む硬質多孔質壁部材を有する2.5Lのディーゼル排気フィルターが、特許文献1の教示に従って作製する。水650g中に、“Methocel A15LV”(The Dow Chemical Company,Midland,MI,USA)10g、コロイダルアルミナ粒子(“Dispal 18N4−80”,Sasol North America,Inc.,Houston, TX,USA)160g、硝酸白金(Heraeus Metal Processing,Inc.,Santa Fe Springs,CA,USA)10g、硝酸ロジウム(Heraeus Metal Processing,Inc.,Santa Fe Springs,CA,USA)1g、及び尿素(Aldrich Chemical Co.,Milwaukee,WI,USA)50gを含む液体溶液を製造する。ディーゼル排気フィルターをその液体溶液中に浸漬し、そのディーゼル排気フィルターの多孔質壁をその液体で満たす。このディーゼル排気フィルターは、次いでプラスチック製袋の中に封入し、水浴中95℃で1日加熱して、メトセルがゲル化し、尿素がアンモニアと二酸化炭素に分解し、それによりアルミナ、ロジウムイオン及び白金イオンが針状ムライト上に沈積する。次いでディーゼル排気フィルターはプラスチック製袋から取り出し、オーブン中105℃で1日加熱して水を除去する。次にそのディーゼル排気フィルターは、オーブン中500℃で1時間加熱してその部材を焼成する。焼成されたフィルターは、次いで水500g中酢酸バリウム100gの溶液に浸漬し、115℃でオーブン乾燥し、次に600℃で1時間焼成して、窒素酸化物吸着剤と三元触媒との組合せ層を形成する。ディーゼル排気フィルターの吸入流路は、次いで、白金を坦持した平均粒径40μmのアルミナ粒子(platinum on forty micrometer average diameter alumina particle)のウォッシュコートの懸濁液で濯ぎ(フィルター28.3L当たり白金50g)、ディーゼル排気フィルターの吸入流路側の多孔質壁をそのアルミナ粒子で被覆して、図6に示すようなシステムを形成する。
12 硬質多孔質流路壁
14 吸入流路
16 排出流路
18 プラグ
20 プラグ
22 吸入流路の上流端部
24 排出流路の下流端部
40 本発明の一態様
41 針状ムライト
42 単一の被膜
50 本発明の好ましい態様
51 針状ムライト
52 アルミナ、白金及び酸化バリウムの混合物
53 多孔質アルミナ粒子
54 白金
55 多孔質アルミナ粒子
56 貴金属触媒を含む混合物
60 本発明の一態様
61 針状ムライト
62 混合被膜
63 多孔質アルミナ粒子
64 貴金属触媒の被膜
70 本発明の別の好ましい一態様
71 針状ムライト
72 白金
73 アルミナ、白金及び酸化バリウムの混合物
74 貴金属触媒を含む混合物
Claims (10)
- 硬質多孔質壁部材を有するタイプの改良されたディーゼル排気フィルター素子であって、多孔質壁部材が第一の側面と第二の側面とを有し、多孔質壁部材が貴金属触媒及びNOx吸着剤で被覆されており、その結果、ディーゼルエンジンからの排気ガスが、硬質多孔質壁部材を第一の側面から第二の側面へ通過し、排気ガスが過剰な酸素、NOx及び煤を含むときは、排気ガス中の煤を、その硬質多孔質壁内に捕捉して触媒により二酸化炭素に酸化し、NOは触媒によりNO2に酸化し、次いでNO2はNOx吸着剤で吸着し、そして排気ガスが過剰の炭化水素及び一酸化炭素を含むときは、NOx吸着剤が再生され、残りの炭化水素及び一酸化炭素は触媒により窒素と二酸化炭素に転化される、改良ディーゼル排気フィルター素子において、改良点が硬質多孔質壁が針状セラミックを含むことにある改良されたディーゼル排気フィルター素子。
- NOx吸着剤がバリウム塩を含む請求項1に記載の改良されたディーゼル排気フィルター素子。
- 貴金属触媒が白金、ロジウム及びパラジウムの少なくとも1種を含む請求項2に記載の改良されたディーゼル排気フィルター素子。
- 針状セラミックが針状ムライトを含む請求項1に記載の改良されたディーゼル排気フィルター素子。
- 針状セラミックが針状ムライトを含む請求項3に記載の改良されたディーゼル排気フィルター素子。
- 硬質多孔質壁部材を有するタイプの改良されたディーゼル排気フィルター素子であって、多孔質壁部材が第一の側面と第二の側面とを有し、その結果、ディーゼルエンジンからの排気ガスが、その硬質多孔質壁部材を第一の側面から第二の側面へ通過するとき、排気ガス中の煤をその硬質多孔質壁内に捕捉するディーゼル排気フィルター素子において、改良点が、硬質多孔質壁が三層を含み、第一の層が多孔質壁の第一の側面に隣接し、第一の層はディーゼル酸化触媒を含み、第三の層は硬質多孔質壁の第二の側面に隣接し、第三の層は三元触媒を含み、第二の層は第一の層と第三の層の間にあり、第二の層が窒素酸化物吸着剤を含み、第二の層が針状セラミックを含むことにある改良されたディーゼル排気フィルター素子。
- 針状セラミックが針状ムライトであり、ディーゼル酸化触媒が白金を含み、窒素酸化物吸着剤がバリウム塩を含み、且つ三元触媒が白金、ロジウム及びパラジウムの1種又はそれ以上を含む請求項6に記載の改良されたディーゼル排気フィルター素子。
- 硬質多孔質壁部材を有するタイプの改良されたディーゼル排気フィルター素子であって、多孔質壁部材が第一の側面と第二の側面を有し、その結果、ディーゼルエンジンからの排気ガスが、多孔質壁部材の第一の側面から第二の側面へと通過するとき、排気ガス中の煤を硬質多孔質壁の上及びその内部に捕捉するディーゼル排気フィルター素子において、その改良点が硬質多孔質壁が二層を含み、その第一の層が多孔質壁の第一の側面に隣接し、第一の層がディーゼル酸化触媒を含み、第二の層が第一の層と硬質多孔質壁の第二の側面の間にあり、第二の層が窒素酸化物吸着剤及び三元触媒を含み、第二の層が針状セラミックを含むことにある改良されたディーゼル排気フィルター素子。
- 第一の層が白金を含み、そして第二の層がバリウム塩と白金、ロジウム又はパラジウムの少なくとも1種とを含み、そして針状セラミックが針状ムライトである請求項8に記載の改良されたディーゼル排気フィルター素子。
- 硬質多孔質壁の表面上に、沈殿した金属イオンを付着させる方法であって、(a)溶媒中に、金属イオン、ゲル化剤及び沈殿剤の液体溶液を生成せしめ、ゲル化剤の濃度は高温でその液体溶液をゲル化させるのに十分な濃度であり、沈殿剤は高温では不安定で、沈殿剤が分解して、金属イオンの少なくとも一部を沈殿させ、沈殿金属イオンを生成させる生成物を生成せしめ;(b)硬質多孔質壁の孔の体積の少なくとも一部を、溶媒中の金属イオン、ゲル化剤及び沈殿剤の液体溶液で満たして、充満構造を形成し;(c)充満構造の温度を上昇させて、溶媒中の金属イオン、ゲル化剤及び沈殿剤の液体溶液をゲル化させかつ金属イオンを沈殿させ;(d)充満構造の温度を更に上昇させて、溶媒及びゲル化剤を充満構造から蒸発させ、硬質多孔質壁の表面の少なくとも一部の上に、沈殿金属イオンを残す方法。
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US49913003P | 2003-08-29 | 2003-08-29 | |
PCT/US2004/027852 WO2005021138A2 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-27 | Improved diesel exhaust filter |
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US (1) | US8661794B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1677896B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP2007503983A (ja) |
KR (2) | KR101117039B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1845780B (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0412966A (ja) |
CA (2) | CA2533697C (ja) |
PL (1) | PL1677896T3 (ja) |
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WO2005021138A3 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
CA2533697C (en) | 2013-02-12 |
PL1677896T3 (pl) | 2013-08-30 |
CN1845780A (zh) | 2006-10-11 |
KR20060083450A (ko) | 2006-07-20 |
RU2006110029A (ru) | 2006-08-10 |
BRPI0412966A (pt) | 2006-09-26 |
RU2350379C2 (ru) | 2009-03-27 |
US8661794B2 (en) | 2014-03-04 |
JP5782085B2 (ja) | 2015-09-24 |
KR101117039B1 (ko) | 2012-03-15 |
KR20110091818A (ko) | 2011-08-12 |
ZA200600757B (en) | 2007-05-30 |
CA2794531A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
KR101141875B1 (ko) | 2012-05-08 |
WO2005021138A2 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
EP1677896A2 (en) | 2006-07-12 |
CA2533697A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
EP1677896B1 (en) | 2013-04-17 |
US20060193757A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
CN1845780B (zh) | 2010-06-16 |
JP2014079755A (ja) | 2014-05-08 |
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