JP2007236972A - 前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラント - Google Patents

前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラント Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2007236972A
JP2007236972A JP2007131765A JP2007131765A JP2007236972A JP 2007236972 A JP2007236972 A JP 2007236972A JP 2007131765 A JP2007131765 A JP 2007131765A JP 2007131765 A JP2007131765 A JP 2007131765A JP 2007236972 A JP2007236972 A JP 2007236972A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
implant
door member
opening
anterior
fusion
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Pending
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JP2007131765A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gary Karlin Michelson
カーリーン マイケルソン,ゲアリー
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SDGI Holdings Inc
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SDGI Holdings Inc
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=23914883&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=JP2007236972(A) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by SDGI Holdings Inc filed Critical SDGI Holdings Inc
Publication of JP2007236972A publication Critical patent/JP2007236972A/ja
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0004Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof adjustable
    • A61F2250/0009Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof adjustable for adjusting thickness
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0058Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2250/006Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for modular
    • A61F2250/0063Nested prosthetic parts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00389The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00592Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of ceramics or of ceramic-like compounds
    • A61F2310/00796Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of a phosphorus-containing compound, e.g. hydroxy(l)apatite
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

【課題】脊柱の前湾を維持し創成するために、脊柱の二つの隣接する椎骨の通常の解剖学的角度関係を維持し創成することである。
【解決手段】隣接椎骨の端面に当接するための支持構造体を形成する上面および下面を有する脊柱融合インプラントを提供する。上面および下面は、相互に収れん的角度関係で配置され、インプラントが立側面図において全体的な「楔状」を有するようになされる。
【選択図】図1

Description

本出願は、1994年6月22日付で出願された米国特許第08/263,952号の一部継続出願であり、この米国特許出願は1993年4月22日付出願された米国特許出願第08/052,211号の継続出願であり、この米国特許出願は1990年7月2日付で出願された米国特許出願第07/546,849号の継続出願であり、そしてこの米国特許出願は1988年6月28日付で出願された米国特許出願第07/212,480号の継続出願である。
本発明は、椎体間脊柱融合インプラントに関し、特定すると、脊柱の二つの隣接する椎骨を正しい解剖学的角度関係に復旧、維持するように構成された脊柱融合インプラントに関する。
人間脊柱の頸部および腰部領域とも、健康状態においては、それらが前凸状態に湾曲するように前湾状態である。脊柱の変性状態において、その前湾状態が失われるのは珍しくない。これは事実上脊髄管を短縮し、管はその容量を減ずる。さらに、前湾状態の欠如は脊髄を腹側に移動させ、脊髄は椎骨ボディおよびディスクの背部に圧縮されることがある。最後に、前湾状態の損失は、脊柱の全力学を乱し、これが隣接する脊柱セグメント中に変性的変化を連鎖的に引き起こすことがある。椎間板が種々の崩壊状態にあったり、前湾状態からそれるなどの脊柱のこれらの変性状態の外科的な処置は、一般に脊柱融合を包含する。これは、共有される骨の領域を介して隣接する椎骨を接合することである。共有される骨が椎骨間ディスクにより前に占められていた領域内にある場合、これは椎体間融合と称される。この点についての歴史は、「Artificial Spinal Fusion Implants」と題する米国特許出願第08/263,952号(「親特許出願」)に記載されており、この出願は本特許出願に参照として合体される。
親特許出願は、隣接する椎骨間に配置でき、融合領域における骨を含む融合促進物質を包含および提供できる人工的脊柱融合インプラントの使用を教示している。これらのデバイスは、ディスク空間の高さを復旧しかつ脊柱を支持することができ、自己安定性であり、しかも充填されるとき脊柱領域に対して安定性であった。
米国特許出願第08/263952号
本発明は、脊柱の前湾を維持し創成するために、脊柱の二つの隣接する椎骨の通常の解剖学的角度関係を維持し創成することを可能にする構造的構成を有する椎体間脊柱融合インプラントに向けられる。本発明の脊柱融合インプラントは、二つの隣接椎骨間のディスク物質の除去により作り出されるディスク空間内に嵌合しかつ創成されたディスク空間に完全にまたは部分的に一致するように寸法設定される。本発明の脊柱融合インプラントは、隣接椎骨の端面に当接するための支持構造体を形成する上面および下面を有する。好ましい具体例において、上面および下面は、相互に収れん的角度関係で配置され、インプラントが立側面図において全体的な「楔状」を有するようになされる。上面および下面の角度関係は、それらの面に隣接する椎骨を、相互に所望の前湾状態を創成、維持するような角度関係に置き、それを維持する。
本発明のインプラントは、それらの表面積を増すように、かつまた隣接椎骨とさらに係合しかつ安定性を向上するように不規則表面を有してよい。本発明の前湾プラントは、上部および下部椎骨係合面の長手方向軸線に沿って高さが均一な不規則表面を有してもよいし、インプラントの一端部から他端部に高さが増してもよい。すなわち、インプラント本体および形成される面および凸部は同様に楔状であってよい。凸部の外部輪郭はほぼ方形とし、他方下にあるインプラントを楔状に形成してよい。あるいはその逆でもよく、この場合には、下にあるインプラント本体をほぼ方形とし、他方凸部の輪郭をインプラントの一端部から他端部に楔形とする。
本発明のインプラントは、ディスク除去領域に隣接する椎骨表面の形状に一致するように湾曲されてよい種々の面を有する。特定すると、上面および/または下面は、凸面でよく、そして/あるいは正面/後面が凸面でよい。本発明のインプラントの表面は、表面中を完全に貫通してもしなくてもよい開口と、孔を介して表面に連通する中心チャンバを有してよい。開口は、ランダムなサイズ、および/または形状および/または分布を有してよい。インプラントそれ自体は、インプラント中への微視的な骨の成長を促進するような物質より構成してよく、そして/またはそのような表面処理を有してよい。
後面腰部椎体間融合を実行するに際して、全体的な中核の椎間板切除を遂行した場合、ディスクの除去された部分を単一の大型のインプラントで置き換えることは不可能である。何故ならば、脊髄を含む繊細な硬膜や神経根が後面ディスクスペースの少なくともある部分を常時覆っているからである。親出願に言及したように、「モジュラーインプラント」の使用はこのような場合に適当である。モジュラーインプラントはおおむね除去されたディスク物質の深さと同程度の長さを有するが、かなり狭いから、それらは後面から硬膜の両側にディスクスペースに導入し、ディスクスペース内に並べて整列してよく、ディスクの領域において除去されたディスクの深さと一致する長さを各々有するある数のモジュラーが、組み合わされて、除去されたディスク物質の幅に等しい幅を有することになろう。
本発明のモジュラーインプラントは、ほぼ楔状とし得、椎骨の端面の輪郭に順応する上面および下面を有してよい。しかして、その輪郭は比較的に平坦または凸状であるが、これに限定されるものではない。腰部脊柱におけるディスクスペースは一般に前湾状態であるから、好ましい具体例における前記インプラントは、前面が、すなわちインプラント挿入端部においてより高く、後面が、すなわちインプラント末端部においてより低くなる。ディスクスペースの後面において利用できるスペースよりもその挿入端部において背高のインプラントを導入することは、ディスクスペース最適にそらされていてさえ問題がある。
本発明のモジュラーインプラントは、この問題に二つの解決法を提供する。第1の具体例において、モジュラーインプラントは、その挿入端部に、それに限定されるわけではないが弾丸形鼻部、凸面および小前面に至る傾斜面を含む低減されたサイズを有してよい。これにより、インプラントは、ディスクスペースが十分にそらされているときディスクスペースの後面中に導入するに十分小さな面積を有することになり、インプラントの特殊化された前端部の輪郭は、インプラントがディスクスペース中に押し入れられるときインプラントに比して隣接する椎骨の上向き傾斜を許容するような輪郭となる。
本発明のインプラントは、この同じ問題に対する第2の解決法を提供する。モジュラーインプラントの好ましい具体例において、インプラントは、やはり側立面図において楔状を有し、その挿入端部でその末端部におけるよりも背高である。しかしながら、インプラントは、その末端部に、親特許に開示される箱およびネジ付き開口形態のような挿入器具と係合するための手段を合体している。しかしながら、好ましい具体例においては、これらのインプラントは、直立のとき側立面図において楔状であり、頂面図から見るときほぼ方形であるから、これらのインプラントは、その側壁が隣接する椎骨の端板に隣接するように、それらの両側でディスクスペースに導入されるように設計される。インプラントは、直立のときのインプラントの挿入端部を通るサイズよりも小さい側面対側面寸法を有する。これらのインプラントを横にして容易に挿入し、そして一度完全に挿入されたらインプラントに係合される挿入器具を使用してインプラントを90度完全直立位置に回転させることができる。一度挿入されると、上面および下面が隣接する椎骨の端面に隣接し、上壁と下壁は相互にある角度をなしているから、隣接する椎骨の所望の角度関係を創成、維持する。
本発明の代わりの具体例においては、機械的インプラントは、崩壊状態で挿入でき、ついで隣接する椎骨間のスペースの高さの最適の復旧を可能にするように高さを増すように調節し得る。機械的インプラントは、楔状とし得、上面および下面を有し、そしてその輪郭は、隣接する椎骨端面の接触領域にほぼ一致し、それに限定されるわけではないが比較的平坦または凸面状とし得る。さらに、機械的インプラントは、楔形またはほぼ方形とし得るが、調節されるとき高さと楔の程度を増すことができる。これは、具体例において採用される二つの楔機構の一方を他方より大きくまたは鋭くすることによって容易に達成し得る。代わりに、単一のウェッジを利用してよく、そして他方において高さを制限しながらインプラントの一端において高さの増大を得ることが望まれる場合、インプラントの端部にヒンジ手段を合体してよく、そして他端部における高さの拡大は、ウェッジ部材、バー、ボールまたはその他の手段を遠端部からヒンジ端部に向かって引き、上面および下面を楔態様で離間するように駆動することよって達成される。
本発明の他の具体例においては、機械的に展開可能な骨係合手段を有するインプラントが提供される。この種のインプラントは側立面図においてほぼ楔状であり、インプラントにより接触される椎骨端面の輪郭にほぼ一致する上面および下面を有し、そしてその上面および下面はそれに限定されるものではないが平坦または凸面とし得る。この種の展開可能な骨係合手段は特に価値がある。というのは、最大可能なインプラントをディスクスペースに挿入でき、そして表面に固定される場合インプラントの挿入を阻止した椎骨係合手段は、挿入後は、上部および下部骨係合手段の先端からの距離が挿入のために利用可能な高さを越すように展開できるからである。この種の特徴は、インプラントそれ自体が楔形状のとき特に価値がある、これは、腰部脊柱にかかるかなりの負荷が楔状インプラントをディスクスペース外に押しやろうとするであろうからである。
本発明の目的は、テーパ付き前端部を有していて、脊柱に容易に挿入される脊柱融合インプラントを提供することである。
本発明の他の目的は、通常の椎間板のテーパと一致するように一端から他端に向け高さが傾斜する脊柱融合インプラントを提供することである。
本発明のさらに他の目的は、脊柱融合プロセス中二つの隣接する椎骨の解剖学的整列および前湾状態を維持できる脊柱融合インプラントを提供することである。
本発明のさらに他の目的は、脊柱内において自己安定性のある脊柱融合インプラントを提供することである。
本発明のさらに他の目的は、挿入されるとき隣接椎骨間に安定性を提供し得る脊柱融合インプラントを提供することである。
本発明のさらに他の目的は、脊柱融合プロセス中隣接する脊椎を離間、支持し得る脊柱融合インプラントを提供することである。
本発明のさらに他の目的は、隣接する脊椎間に嵌合しそれらの脊椎の端板を保護する脊柱融合インプラントを提供することである。
本発明のさらに他の目的は、隣接する脊椎の端板に一致する形状を有する脊柱融合インプラントを提供することである。
本発明のこれらおよびその他の目的は、図面を参照して行った以下の詳細な説明から明らかとなろう。
図1〜7を参照すると、二つの隣接する脊椎間のディスクスペースに使用するための本発明の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントが、総括的に参照番号100で指示されて示されている。インプラント100はほぼ方形形態を有し、上面112および下面114を有している。好ましい具体例において、インプラント100の上面112および下面114は互いに収れん的角度関係に配置されており、インプラント100が図3および4に示されるように側立面図で「楔形」にみえる。上面112および下面114はインプラント100が挿入される隣接椎骨の端面に当接するための構造体を形成する内部面を有する。上面112および下面114の角度関係は、これらの面に隣接する椎骨をある角度関係に置いて、それを維持し、脊柱の所望の前湾状態を創成維持する。
インプラント100の上面112および下面114は、インプラント100が挿入される隣接する椎骨の端面の形状に一致するように平坦または湾曲状とし得る。インプラント100は、髄核の形状および椎骨から除去された線維輪の一部に一致する。上面112および下面114は、インプラント100が一度外科的に植え込まれたらディスクスペース内にこれを安定化させるために隣接する椎骨と係合するに適当な面を提供する粗面を有する。上面112および下面114はギザギザ面を有する。
図7を参照すると、インプラント100のギザギザ面121の拡大断片図がダイヤモンド形状の骨係合パターンとして図示されている。インプラント100は、上面112および下面114全体にギザギザ面を有してもよいし、上面112および下面114の一部のみにギザギザ面を有してもよく、あるいはその任意の組み合わせでもよく、そしてこれらはいずれも本発明の技術思想から逸脱するものではない。ギザギザ面121は図示の形態以外の種々の形態を取り得る。
この具体例においては、インプラント100は、中空であり、上面112および下面114を通り中央の中空のチャンバ116に至る複数の開口115を含む。開口115は、椎骨から開口115を介して内部チャンバ116への骨の成長が起こることを可能にする。開口115は、図面においては円形として示されているが、本発明の技術思想から逸脱することなく、脊柱融合インプラントに使用するに適当な任意の形状、寸法、形態または分布を有してよい。例えば、開口は、図1および2の開口115aに示されるように涙珠状の形態を有してよい。インプラント100の上面112および下面114は、側壁118により支持、離間されるが、この側壁も複数の開口122を有してよい。
インプラント100は、挿入端部120および末端部130を有するが、両端部とも湾曲または平坦でよい。インプラントの末端部130は、椎骨の湾曲と一致するように凸面状としてよく、駆動器具の係合端部を受け入れるための中央ネジ付き開口26をもつ凹部124を含むインプラント挿入器具と係合するための手段を有する。インプラント100の挿入端部120は、アクセス開口132と、該開口を閉鎖する摺動可能なドア部材134を備える。摺動可能なドア部材134はチャンバ116への開口132を覆い、チャンバ116への自生骨材料の挿入を可能にする。
使用に際して、摺動可能ドア部材134は、チャンバ116への材料の負荷を可能にするための開放位置に置かれる。摺動可能ドア部材134は、ドア部材134の解放および閉鎖を容易にするための凹部136を有する。内部チャンバ116は、任意の天然または人工的骨伝導性、骨誘導性、骨形成性またはその他の融合性向上材料を充填および保持し得る。この種の材料の二三の例は、患者から収集される骨、あるいはそれに限定されるわけではないがヒドロキシアパタイト、ヒドロキシアパタイトトリカルシウムフォスフェートのような骨誘導材料または骨形態形成蛋白質である。インプラント100それ自体は、チタニウムのような人への植えこみに適当な材料より成り、そしてあるいは、それに限定されるものではないがヒドロキシアパタイトまたはヒドロキシアパタイトトリカルシウムフォスフェートまたは他の任意の骨伝導性、骨誘導性、骨生成性またはその他の融合性向上材料のような骨成長誘導材料より構成、および/または充填、および/または被覆してよい。
インプラント100のチャンバ116内に包装される融合性向上材料は、インプラント100と隣接する椎骨間における骨の成長を促進するように作用する。骨の成長が起こると、インプラント100は、インプラントの移動を防ぎかつ隣接する椎骨間に起こり得る移動を阻止する恒久的取付け具となる。
摺動可能なドア部材134は、植え込み前に閉じられる。閉鎖位置において、摺動可能なドアは、インプラント100の挿入端部120の湾曲に一致する。完全に包装されたインプラント100を得るため、インプラントに自生骨材料を包装する種々の方法を使用し得る。
インプラント100を挿入する方法は、米国特許出願第08/263,952号に詳細に記載されているから、この特許出願は参照として合体される。駆動器具のネジ付き端部を、インプラント100の末端部120にあるネジ付き開口126に取り付け、そして駆動器具の凹部124への嵌合でインプラントの駆動器具に関する移動を阻止する。インプラント100は、ついで二つの隣接する椎骨間のディスクスペースの入口に配置する。駆動器具は、インプラント100をディスクスペース中に押し込むに十分固いハンマで叩く。
インプラント100のサイズは、それが置き代わるディスク物質と実質的に同じサイズであり、インプラントが使用されるべきディスクスペースを創成するために除去されたディスクスペース物質の量に依存して大小種々のサイズとなる。腰部脊柱融合インプラントに関する好ましい具体例において、インプラント100の幅は約28〜48mmであり、約36mmが好ましい。インプラント100はディスクスペースの解剖学的高さの復旧に順応する高さを有し、平均高さは8〜16mmの範囲であろうが、そのうちの10〜12mmが好ましい平均高さである。深さは最大20〜34mmの範囲であろうが、26〜32mmが好ましい深さである。頸部脊柱において、インプラントの幅は約14〜28の範囲にあり、好ましい幅は18〜22mmである。インプラントは約5〜10mmの範囲の高さを有し、好ましい高さは6〜8mmである。インプラントは約11〜21mmの範囲の深さを有し、好ましい深さは11〜13mmである。
図7Aを参照すると、脊柱Sの一部の側面の側立面図が、二つの隣接する椎骨V2およびV3間のディスクスペースD2に挿入されるインプラント100とともに図示されている。インプラント100は、ディスクスペースD2中に矢印Aの方向に挿入され、二つの椎骨V2およびV3を、脊柱Sのその部分の自然の前湾状態が復旧されるような相互角度に維持する。インプラント100の前向きの前進は、椎骨V2およびV3の端面における自然の骨の凸部Bにより阻止される。インプラント100の背動は、上面112および下面114の骨係合面のギザギザ121により阻止される。
図8〜12を参照すると、参照番号200により総括的に指示される本発明の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの代わりの具体例が示されている。インプラント200は、上述のインプラント100と類似の全形態を有する。好ましい具体例において、インプラント200は、剛体であり、インプラント200を介して上面212から下面214に至る複数のチャンネル215を有している。チャンネル215は、骨の成長を可能にし、インプラント200の脊柱融合物質中へのインプラント200の合体を促進する。チャンネルは、インプラントの植込み前に、上述の融合促進材料のような融合促進材料を負荷してよい。チャンネル215は、インプラント200中を完全に貫通することを要しないが、融合促進材料を保持し得、インプラント200の上面212および下面214中への骨の成長を可能にする、井戸に類似の形態を有してよいことを認められる。
チャンネル215に加えて、インプラント200は、側壁218上により小形の開口222を有してよく、そしてこの開口は全インプラント200中を貫通してもしなくてもよい。この開口222はチャンネル215と連通状態に置いてよく、それにより骨の成長が開口222からチャンネル215に向けて起こってインプラント200を融合物質中にロックすることができるようになる。開口222が全プラットホーム200中を貫通しない場合、それらは上述のように融合促進材料を保持するための小形の井戸として作用しよう。
インプラント200の好ましい具体例において、チャンネル215は0.1mm〜6mmの範囲の直径を有し、2〜3mmが好ましい直径である。開口222は0.1〜6mmの範囲の直径を有し、1〜3mmが好ましい直径範囲である。チャンネル215および開口222はほぼ丸い形態を有するものとして示されているが、チャンネル215および開口222が意図する目的に適当な任意のサイズ、形状、形態、分布を有し得ることは本発明の技術思想内にあることが認められる。入力200は、隣接する椎骨の骨に係合するため、上面212および下面214上に複数のラチェット250を有する。ラチェット250は、骨係合エッジ252と傾斜片254を含む。
図9を詳細に参照すると、インプラント200は楔形の立側面図を有しており、末端部230は挿入端部220より背高である。複数のラチェット250は挿入端部220の方向に配向されており、インプラント200の一方向挿入を可能にする、何故ならば、骨係合エッジ252が椎骨と係合し、インプラントが一度植え込まれたら逆進して抜けるのを阻止するからである。代わりに、末端部およびラチェットは、一群としてのラチェットの全形状が凸面状であるように低い高さとしてもよい。
図11を参照すると、インプラント200の末端部230は、インプラント100について上述したように、ネジ付き開口226を含む挿入器具と係合するための手段を有する。
図12を参照すると、インプラント200の表面形状を例示する図8の線12に沿う拡大断片図が示されている。ラチェットに加えて、インプラント200の上面212および下面214は多孔質組織260を有しており、骨の成長を促進するように骨に不規則な表面を提供する。多孔質組織260はまた、融合性促進材料を保持することができ、融合過程において骨と係合し安定性の増大を提供するように表面積を増大させる。多孔質組織260はまた側壁218に存在してもよい。該表面および/または全インプラント200は、融合性促進材料を保持し、そして/あるいは骨の成長を可能にし、そして/あるいは融合過程中骨と係合するに十分の任意の他の多孔質または粗化表面を含んでよいことが認められる。インプラント200は、さらにそれに限定されるわけではないが、ヒドロキシアパタイト化合物、骨形成性蛋白質および骨形態形成性蛋白質を含むバイオ活性融合性促進物質で被覆してもよい。
図13〜図17を参照すると、前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの代わりの具体例が、参照番号300により指示されて示されている。インプラント300は、金属より製造し得一緒に圧縮され整形されるストランドより成るメッシュ状材料より成る。上面312および下面314は、凸状で椎骨の端面の自然の表面湾曲に一致し得る。加えて、全インプラント300は、二つの隣接する椎骨の間からのディスク物質の除去により作り出されるディスクスペースの形状に一致するような形状に成形してよい。このようにして、湾曲上面312および下面314、湾曲側壁318および面取りエッジ319を有する。
図7Aを参照すると、インプラント300は、隣接する椎骨V1およびV2間のディスクスペースD1中に矢印Aの方向に挿入されて示されている。インプラント300は、上面312および下面314が凸面であるから隣接する椎骨V1およびV2の端面に一致しており、側壁318は椎骨V1およびV2の自然の湾曲に一致するように湾曲されている。このようにして、インプラント300は、二つの隣接する椎骨V1およびV2間から除去されたディスク物質と同じディメンションを有する。
インプラント300は、完全にまたは一部固体材料から、および/または多孔質物質材料から、および/またはメッシュ上材料から作ることができる。インプラント300は、多孔質材料、メッシュ状材料より成る表面を有してよく、または粗化された表面を有してもよい。インプラント300は中実としてもよいし、一部中空とし前記上面および下面と連通する少なくとも一つの内部チャンバを有してもよい。
図17に示されるように、メッシュ状材料は、インプラント300の少なくとも外面の当該ストランド間に融合促進材料を保持し得かつ骨の成長を可能にし得る間隙が存在するように成形され圧縮されたストランドを含む。代わりに、インプラント300は、人間の多孔質組織の骨に構成が類似し、骨の成長を可能にする間隙を有する多孔質組織材料より構成し得る。インプラント300は、全体的にまたは部分的に多孔質組織の材料より作ることができるから、インプラント300の外表面、および/または全インプラント内に間隙を存在させ、骨の成長を促進し、骨融合促進材料を保持することができる。
図18〜23を参照すると、本発明のインプラントの代わりの具体例が、参照番号400により総括的に指示されて図示されている。インプラント400は、ほぼ方形形状を有し、上面412および下面414を有している。上面412および下面414は、隣接する椎骨を支持しており、上述したところと同様に互いに収れん的角度関係で配置されている。
インプラント400は、インプラント100〜300の幅より相当小さい幅Wを有していて、一連のかかるインプラント400が椎体間脊柱インプラントとして使用されるようになされている。しかして、各インプラントは、除去されたディスクのサイズを近似するように互いにごく隣接して配置される。インプラント400のサイズは、約26ミリメート長さを有し、どの椎骨が融合されるかにしたがって、4つのインプラントで椎骨間スペースを実質的に充填するような幅を有する。
後面腰部椎体間融合を実施するに際しては、全体的な中核的な椎間板の除去が行なわれると、ディスクの除去部分を単一の大型のインプラントで置き代えることは不可能である。何故ならば、脊髄を含む繊細な硬膜と神経根が後面ディスクスペースの少なくともある部分を常時覆っているからである。ディスクスペース中に別個に挿入されるモジュラーインプラント400の使用はかかる場合に適当である。モジュラーインプラント400は除去されたディスク物質の深さと同程度の長さであるがかなり狭いから、インプラントは硬膜の両側に後面からディスクスペースに導入し、ついでディスクスペース内で再整列させることができ、その結果ディスクの領域において除去されたディスクの深さと一致する長さを各々有する複数のインプラントは、組み合わされて除去されたディスク物質の幅と等しい幅を有することになる。腰部脊柱におけるディスクスペースはほぼ前湾状態であるから、モジュラーインプラント400の挿入端部420は背高となり、後面末端部430にて背が低くされねばならぬであろう。
ディスクスペースの後面にて得られるスペースよりもその挿入端部42にて背高なモジュラーインプラント400を導入するためには、そのディスクスペースが最適に広げられていても問題がある。本発明のモジュラーインプラント400は、この問題に二つの解決法を提供する。第1の具体例において、モジュラーインプラントは、その挿入端部420に、それに限定されるわけではないが弾丸形鼻部、凸面および小前面に至る傾斜面を含む低減されたサイズを有してよい。これにより、インプラントは、ディスクスペースが十分に拡散されているときディスクスペースの後面中に導入するに十分小さな面積を有することになり、インプラント400の特殊化された挿入端部の輪郭は、インプラントがディスクスペース中に押し入れられるときインプラント400に比して隣接する椎骨の上向きに傾斜させることを可能にするような輪郭となる。
代わりに、あるいは上述のものと組み合わされてもよいが、好ましい具体例において、インプラント400は、直立状態において側立面図において楔状であるが、頂面図から見るときほぼ方形状であるから、これらのインプラントは、その側壁が隣接する椎骨の端板に隣接するように、それらの両側でディスクスペースに導入できる。インプラントは、直立のときのインプラント400の挿入端部を通るサイズよりも小さい側面対側面寸法を有する。インプラント400を最初横にして容易に挿入し、そして一度完全に挿入されたらインプラント400に係合される挿入器具を使用してインプラントを90度完全直立位置に回転させることができる。一度挿入されると、上面412および下面414が隣接する椎骨の端面に隣接し、そしてインプラント400の上面412と下面414は相互にある角度をなしているから、隣接する椎骨の所望の角度関係を創成、維持する。
インプラント400は、椎骨から上面412および下面414を介してインプラント400の内部中への骨の成長を促進するために融合促進材料を保持するための方形スロットの形式の大型開口415を有する。インプラント400はモジュラー形式であり、1以上のものが一時に植え込まれるから、大型の開口415はインプラント400の側壁418にも存在し、一つのインプラントから他のインプラントへの骨の成長を可能にし、融合の成功の後、モジュラーインプラント400が単一のユニットを形成するように接続されるようになる。
図21を参照すると、インプラント400の末端部430は、方形スロット424とネジ付き開口426を含む挿入器具係合手段を有するものとして図示されている。
図23を参照すると、インプラント400の表面形態を例示する、図22の線23に沿う拡大断片図が図示されている。インプラント400の表面形態は、上述の多孔質組織260と同じである。
図24を参照すると、本発明の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの代わりの具体例が、参照番号500により総括的に指示されて示されている。インプラント500は、モジュラーインプラントであり、インプラント400と類似の全体的形態を有している。インプラント500は、スロット415を有する代わりに、融合プロセス中関与しそして/あるいは骨の成長を促進し得る骨またはその他の材料を受容し、保持し得る上面512および下面514を有する。好ましい具体例において、上面512および下面514は、不完全な壁を有する部分井戸である複数の間隙542を提供するように離間された複数のポスト540を含み、そして、この間隙は、粉砕された骨材料または任意の人工的骨成長促進材料を保持し得る。インプラント520は、表面538を適当な融合促進物質を注入その他の方法で被覆することによって植込みするように準備し得る。
図28および29を参照すると、インプラント500の上面512の拡大図と部分断面図が示されている。好ましい具体例において、ポスト540は、ポスト540の残部より大直径のヘッド部544を有しており、各間隙542は、ポスト544の逆形態であり、間隙542に対する入口548よりも幅広の底部546を有している。ポスト540および間隙のかかる形態は、インプラント500の表面538における骨材料の保持を助け、そして骨の成長により作り出される骨融合物質中へのインプラント520の係留を助ける。間隙542の底部546における骨の成長部分は入口548におけるよりも幅広であるから、入口548から出ることができず、間隙542内に係留される。インプラント500の表面538は、利用可能な表面積の大きさの改良を可能にし、そしてこれはさらに粗面仕上げ、フロッキング仕上げ、またはその他の方法で非滑動表面を生じさせることによって増大できる。
好ましい具体例において、ポスト540は約0.1〜2mmの範囲の最大直径と約0.1〜2mmの高さを有し、約0.1〜2mm離間されており、間隙542が約0.1〜2mmの範囲の幅を有するようになされる。ポストのサイズ、形状および分布は同じインプラント内で代えることができる。
インプラント500は、上述のインプラント400と同じ構造と特徴を共有することが認められる。
図30は、前湾状態で描かれた人間の脊柱の一部Sの側立面図で、参照番号600により支持される前湾脊柱融合インプラントの他の具体例とともに示す図で、インプラントは、調節および拡大可能であり、隣接する椎骨の正しい解剖学的整列を復旧、維持するようにスペースに挿入されている。インプラント600は、一緒に嵌合されるとき本質的に方形のインプラントを形成する下部部材682と上部部材684を備えている。上部部材684と下部部材682は互いに対面してテーパ付きウェッジ686および688を受容する中空部分を有している。テーパ付きウェッジは、下部部材682および上部部材684の中空部分内に嵌合する。上部部材684および下部部材682は、インプラント600の内部に向かって傾斜する楔状内面689aおよび689b各々を有する。ウェッジ686および688は、その拡大端部において上部部材684および下部部材682間の組み合わせられた中空スペースよりも高く、他端において上部部材および下部部材間の中空スペースよりも浅くなるように設定されている。
ウェッジ686および688は、ネジ694を受容するように互いに整合した中央ネジ付き開口690および692を有する。ネジ694が開口690中にねじ込まれるとき、ウェッジ686および688は、上部部材684および下部部材682の内部傾斜面689aおよび689bに係合する。ネジ694を回すと、ウェッジ686および688は引き付けられ、ウェッジの傾斜部は上部部材684を下部部材682から引き離す。内部傾斜面689aおよび689bは、挿入端部620近傍でより末端部630において大きな傾斜を有するから、上部部材684および下部傾斜部材682は、末端部630でよりも挿入端部620でより離間せしめられる。その結果、上部部材684および下部部材682は、相互に収れん的角度関係で配置され、隣接する椎骨を同じ角度関係で支持する。
図31を参照すると、本発明のインプラントの変わりの具体例が、参照番号700で支持されて示されている。インプラント700は、スパイク708の形式の可動の突出部を有しており、そしてこのスパイクは、インプラント700の内部内の第1の位置からインプラントの外部に延びる第2の位置へ移動し得る。インプラント700は、ほぼ矩形状形態より成り、スロット706を具備する上面702と底面704を有しており、そしてこのスロット706は、端部にスパイク708を有する枢動部材707をスロット706から突出させるものである。スパイク708はインプラント700内に一端710でピン付けされている。
インプラント700は、ヘッド720を有するネジ718を受容するための中央ネジ付き開口716とスロット722を有する対面する楔状部材712および714を有する。ウェッジ712および714は互いに対面しており、ネジ718を回転すると、二つのウェッジ712および714が引き付けられ、スパイク708をその端部710の回りに枢動させ、整列されたスロット706を介してインプラント700の外部に突出せしめる。インプラント700は、上面702および下面704に骨の成長および融合を促進させるための一連の孔を備えてよい。
使用に当っては、スパイクがその引抜き位置にあるインプラント700をディスクスペースに挿入する。ついで、スパイクが椎骨に侵入せしめられるまで回転し、それによりインプラント700は適所に堅固に保持される。
以上、本発明を好ましい具体例および多数の変形具体例に関して説明したが、本発明の技術思想から逸脱することなく本発明の他の具体例を案出し得ることが認められよう。
本発明の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントを示す斜視図で、摺動可能なドア部材をインプラントの内部チャンバへのアクセスを可能にする部分開放位置で示す図である。 本発明の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの上面図である。 本発明の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの左側立面図である。 本発明の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの右側立面図である。 本発明の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントを、摺動可能なドア部材を部分開放状態で示す正面端面図である。 本発明の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの後面端面図で、挿入機器係合手段を示す図である。 本発明の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの骨係合面の形態を示す、図2の7−7線に沿う拡大断片図である。 隣接する脊椎の正しい解剖学的整列を復旧、維持するために異なるディスクレベルにてディスクスペースに挿入された本発明の前湾インプラントを有する脊柱の一部を示す立側面図である。 本発明の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの代わりの具体例を示す頂面図である。 図8の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの左側立面図である。 図8の湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの前端面図である。 図8の湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの後端面図で、挿入機器係合手段を示す図である。 図8の線12に沿う拡大断片図で、本発明の湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの表面形態を示す図である。 網状材料より成る本発明の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの他の具体例の頂面図である。 図13の全湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの左側立面図である。 図13の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの前端面図である。 挿入機器と係合するための手段を示す図13の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの後端面図である。 本発明の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの表面形態を例示する図13の線17に沿う拡大断片図である。 本発明の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの代わりの具体例の斜視図である。 図18の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの頂面図である。 図18の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの左側立面図である。 図18の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの後端面図である。 図18の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの前端面図である。 本発明の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの表面形態を例示する図18の線23に沿う拡大断片図である。 本発明の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの代わりの具体例の頂面図である。 図24の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの左側立面図である。 図24の前湾脊柱融合インプラントの後端面図である。 図24の前湾脊柱融合インプラントの前端面図である。 本発明の前湾脊柱融合インプラントの表面構成を例示する図24の線28に沿う拡大断片図である。 本発明の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの図28の線29−29に沿う断面図である。 人間の脊柱の一部を調節および拡張可能な本発明の前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントの代わりの具体例とともに示す側立面図で、前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラントを隣接する脊椎の正しい解剖学的整列を復旧維持するようにディスクスペースレベルで挿入された状態を断面図で示す図である。 インプラント700内の第1の位置からインプラントの外部に延びる第2の位置に移動し得るスパイク708の形式における可動突出部を有する本発明の前湾インプラントの代わりの具体例の側断面図である。
符号の説明
100 インプラント
112 上面
114 下面
115 開口
115a 開口
116 内部チャンバ
118 側壁
120 挿入端部
121 ギザギザ面
122 開口
124 凹部
126 開口
130 末端部
132 アクセス開口
134 ドア部材
136 凹部
200 インプラント
212 上面
214 下面
215 チャンネル
218 側壁
220 挿入端部
222 開口
226 開口
230 末端部
250 ラチェット
252 骨係合エッジ
254 傾斜片
260 多孔質組織
300 インプラント
312 上面
314 下面
318 側壁
319 エッジ
400 インプラント
412 上面
414 下面
415 開口
418 側壁
420 挿入端部
424 方形スロット
426 開口
430 末端部
500 インプラント
512 上面
514 下面
520 インプラント
538 表面
540 ポスト
542 間隙
544 ヘッド部
544 ポスト
546 底部
548 入口
600 インプラント
620 挿入端部
630 末端部
682 下部部材
684 上部部材
686 ウェッジ
689a 楔状内面
690 開口
694 ネジ
700 インプラント
702 上面
704 底面
706 スロット
707 枢動部材
708 スパイク
710 端部
712 楔状部材
712 ウェッジ
716 開口
718 ネジ
720 ヘッド
722 スロット

Claims (16)

  1. 脊柱の隣接する椎骨の間のディスクスペースの手術で矯正された高さにまたがって形成された移植スペースの内部に挿入するための人工的椎骨間脊柱融合インプラントであって、前記椎骨が前面および後面を有し、前記インプラントが、
    前記ディスクスペース内部へ最初に挿入するための前端部、前記前端部と反対側の末端部、長手方向軸線、および前記長手方向軸線に沿う深さを含み、
    前記隣接する椎骨を離間させるように適合された前記前端部と前記末端部の間の上面と下面、前記上面と前記下面の間の高さを含み、前記上面と前記下面は前記上面と前記下面を貫通する少なくとも1つの開口を有し、前記開口は互いに連通して前記インプラントを通じた隣接する椎骨から隣接する椎骨への骨の成長を可能にし、前記隣接する椎骨を互いに収れん的角度関係に維持するのに十分である前記インプラントの深さの少なくとも一部分に沿って前記上面と前記下面は互いに前記収れん的角度関係にあり、前記上面と前記下面は互いに向き合う内面を各々が有し、前記内面は離間されて前記開口と連通する中空内部を定め、
    前記上面と前記下面、および前記前端部と前記末端部の間の向き合う側面、前記向き合う側面の間の幅、ならびに前記インプラントの最大高さより大きな前記インプラントの最大幅を含み、前記インプラントが剛体であるように前記インプラントの少なくとも一部分が剛体材料で形成され、
    前記上面と前記下面の間のアクセス開口、およびドア部材を含み、前記アクセス開口は前記中空内部への骨の成長を促進する材料の導入を可能にするように形成され、前記開口の最大のものより大きく、前記ドア部材は前記インプラントの内部に前記骨の成長を促進する材料を保持するために前記インプラントと協調的に係合するように形成されることを特徴とするインプラント。
  2. 前記アクセス開口が前記前端部に設けられる、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
  3. 前記ドア部材が、前記インプラントへ分離可能に取り付けられる、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
  4. 前記ドア部材が部分的に湾曲する、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
  5. 前記前端部が湾曲し、前記ドア部材が前記前端部の湾曲に一致する、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
  6. 前記インプラントに対する前記ドア部材の動作が、前記アクセス開口の開閉である、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
  7. 前記ドア部材が、前記アクセス開口に平行な平面内で前記インプラントに対して移動可能である、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
  8. 前記ドア部材が、前記インプラントの長手方向軸線に対して垂直に移動する、請求項6または7に記載のインプラント。
  9. 前記ドア部材が、前記アクセス開口に隣接して形成されたトラックに沿って移動可能である、請求項6または7に記載のインプラント。
  10. 前記インプラントがトラックを更に含み、前記ドア部材が前記トラックに沿って移動して前記開口を開閉する、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
  11. 前記トラックが前記上面と前記下面に形成され、長手方向軸線に対して横方向である、請求項10に記載のインプラント。
  12. 前記インプラントが、前記ドア部材を受け入れるために、前記向き合う側面の一方に前記上面と前記下面の前記内面に沿って形成される凹部を更に含む、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
  13. 前記ドア部材が前記凹部によって誘導される、請求項12に記載のインプラント。
  14. 前記向き合う側面の他方が、前記ドア部材の移動を抑止する、請求項12に記載のインプラント。
  15. 前記ドア部材が、前記アクセス開口を開閉するために移動可能である、請求項13または14に記載のインプラント。
  16. 前記インプラントが、前記インプラントを前記脊柱に挿入するために、駆動器具と組み合わされて使用される、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
JP2007131765A 1995-06-07 2007-05-17 前湾椎体間脊柱融合インプラント Pending JP2007236972A (ja)

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JP5909197B2 (ja) * 2011-02-04 2016-04-26 Hoya株式会社 手術用具
JP2015506233A (ja) * 2012-01-09 2015-03-02 アピフィックス・リミテッド 脊椎ケージ

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