JP2007042971A - 波長走査型レーザ光源 - Google Patents
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/105—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity, e.g. by controlling the cavity length
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- H01S3/105—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity, e.g. by controlling the cavity length
- H01S3/1055—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity, e.g. by controlling the cavity length one of the reflectors being constituted by a diffraction grating
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Abstract
【解決手段】レーザ発振の光路にゲイン媒体12と波長可変フィルタを設ける。波長可変フィルタとして、光ビームを等角速度で周期的に変化させる光ビーム偏向部と、偏向された光を入射するプリズム26及び回折格子27を設ける。そしてプリズム26の頂角αとプリズム26と回折格子27との成す角βとを適宜選択することによって、一定の速度で発振周波数を変化させる波長走査型レーザ光源とすることができる。
【選択図】図1
Description
YAMASHITA ET AL., IEEE JOURAL ON SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, VOL.7, NO.1 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2001, PP41〜43
emax=MAX{(fL(θ)−f(θ))/(f(θ2)−f(θ1))}
で表され、最大値emaxが0.1%以下となるように、前記プリズムの頂角α及び前記プリズムと回折格子との成す角度βを選択するようにしてもよい。
Λ(sinγ+sinδ)=kλ ・・・(1)
ここでkは次数であり、0,±1,±2・・・の値となる。さて回折光にはリトロー配置とリットマン配置とがある。リトロー配置では−1次の回折光と入射光の角度が等しい。従って(1)式においてγ=δ−1とすると、(1)式より回折光の波長は次式で決定される。
λ=2Λsinγ ・・・(2)
ここでΛはグレーティングのピッチ(μm)を示す。これは即ち単位長さ当たりの格子線数a(本/mm)の逆数である。尚、リットマン配置では入射光と反射光の角度は一致していない。
λ=2Λsin(β+ν) ・・・(3)
Δλ=λ2/{2πWtan(β+ν)} ・・・(4)
ここでWは回折格子27に加わる光の光ビーム径である。式(3)より明らかなように入射角が大きくなれば選択波長が長く、入射角が小さくなれば短波長となる。そして入射角が大きくなれば図5に示されるように、回折格子の面上に投影される光ビーム径も大きくなるため、λ2はほぼ一定と考えると、半値幅Δλは短波長となるほど太くなる。
W3=M2W2 ・・・(5)
又この拡大率M2は次式で与えられる。
M2=(cosφ・cosν)/(cosθ・cosμ) ・・・(6)
n・sinφ=sinθ ・・・(7)
又プリズム26の出射面でのプリズム内の入射角μと出射角νとは以下の関係がある。
sinν=n・sinμ ・・・(8)
この入射角μはプリズムの頂角α及びθから以下のように表される。
μ=α−θ ・・・(9)
これらの式(7)〜(9)を式(2)と連立することによって、回折格子による選択波長λが以下の式で表される。
λ=2Λsin[β+asin{n・sin(α−asin(sinθ/n))}]
これを周波数で表すと、f(θ)は次式で表される
f(θ)=λ/c=c/2Λsin[β+asin{n・sin(α−asin(sinθ/n))}]
・・・(10)
この式からプリズム頂角αとプリズムと回折格子の成す角度βとを調整して次式
fL(θ)=Aθ+B ・・・(11)
という直線近似式に近づけるように最適化することができる。ここでA及びBは任意の定数であり、直線近似式fL(θ)は式(10)に最も近い直線、即ち所定の周波数範囲(入射角θ1とθ2で得られる周波数f(θ1)〜f(θ2)の範囲)で誤差のピークが最小となる直線とする。
emax=MAX{(fL(θ)−f(θ))/(f(θ2)−f(θ1))}・・・(12)
図8から知られるように、角度α,βを選択することにより、誤差の最大値emaxを最も小さくすることができる。emaxは小さいほど望ましいが、OCTの光源として用いる場合には、0.1%〜0.5%以下であれば実用上十分である。
11,53 光ファイバ
12,51,61 ゲイン媒体
13 光サーキュレータ
14 カップラ
15 偏波コントローラ
21 光ファイバ
22 コリメートレンズ
23,26 プリズム
24 ポリゴンミラー
25 駆動部
27 回折格子
41 偏波面保存型光ファイバ
56 波長可変フィルタ
Claims (11)
- レーザ発振の光路と、
前記光路内に設けられ、発振する波長に利得を有するゲイン媒体と、
前記レーザ発振の光路内に配置され、波長を連続的に可変する波長可変光フィルタと、を具備し、
前記波長可変フィルタは、
光ビームを一定範囲で等角速度で周期的に変化させる光ビーム偏向部と、
前記光ビーム偏向部によって偏向された光が入射されるプリズムと、
前記プリズムを出射した光が入射され、入射角に応じて変化する選択波長の光を入射方向と同一方向に反射する回折格子と、を具備し、
発振周波数を前記プリズムへの入射角度θの関数f(θ)として表した場合に、その直線近似式fL(θ)との差を前記プリズムを用いない場合より小さくなるように、前記プリズムの頂角αと前記プリズムと前記回折格子との成す角度βの値を選択した波長走査型レーザ光源。 - 前記直線近似式fL(θ)は、前記反射周波数の角度範囲に対する偏向角度θがθ1〜θ2まで変化する場合に、その角度範囲における発振周波数f(θ)との誤差の最大値が最小となる直線近似式であり、
前記直線近似式と発振周波数f(θ)との誤差の最大値emaxが
emax=MAX{(fL(θ)−f(θ))/(f(θ2)−f(θ1))}
で表され、最大値emaxが0.1%以下となるように、前記プリズムの頂角α及び前記プリズムと回折格子との成す角度βを選択した請求項1記載の波長走査型レーザ光源。 - 前記回折格子は、発振周波数範囲f(θ1)〜f(θ2)において、前記誤差の最大値emaxが最小となる回折格子線数を選択した請求項2記載の波長走査型レーザ光源。
- 前記光路は、ミラーと、前記波長可変フィルタの回折格子とによって構成される請求項1記載の波長走査型レーザ光源。
- 前記光路は、ループ状に形成された光ループであり、
前記光ループに接続され、前記光ループを通過する光の一部を取り出す光学カップラと、
第1〜第3の端子を有し、前記第1,第2の端子が光ループに接続され、前記第3の端子が前記波長可変フィルタに接続され、各端子に入射される光の方向を制御する光サーキュレータと、を更に有する請求項1記載の波長走査型レーザ光源。 - 前記光ループは、光ファイバによって構成される請求項5項記載の波長走査型レーザ光源。
- 前記光ファイバは、偏波面保存型光ファイバである請求項6項記載の波長走査型レーザ光源。
- 前記波長可変フィルタの光ビーム偏向部は、
前記光ファイバより出射される光軸上に配置され、回転によって光の反射角を変化させる複数の反射面を有するポリゴンミラーと、
前記ポリゴンミラーを回転させて光の反射角度を制御する駆動部と、を有する請求項1記載の波長走査型レーザ光源。 - 前記波長可変フィルタのプリズムは、選択波長が短くなるに従って拡大率を大きくするものである請求項1記載の波長走査型レーザ光源。
- 前記回折格子の一次反射光を受光する走査範囲の端部の位置に一次反射光を受光する受光素子を設けた請求項1記載の波長走査型レーザ光源。
- 前記受光素子の前面にその角度の波長のみを透過するバンドパスフィルタを設けた請求項10記載の波長走査型レーザ光源。
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