JP2006032871A - 半導体装置 - Google Patents

半導体装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2006032871A
JP2006032871A JP2004213696A JP2004213696A JP2006032871A JP 2006032871 A JP2006032871 A JP 2006032871A JP 2004213696 A JP2004213696 A JP 2004213696A JP 2004213696 A JP2004213696 A JP 2004213696A JP 2006032871 A JP2006032871 A JP 2006032871A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
electrode
semiconductor device
semiconductor chip
lead frame
laminated
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JP2004213696A
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English (en)
Inventor
Shuji Kamata
周次 鎌田
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Toshiba Corp
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Toshiba Corp
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Priority to JP2004213696A priority Critical patent/JP2006032871A/ja
Priority to US11/185,777 priority patent/US20060017159A1/en
Priority to CNB2005100849673A priority patent/CN100401487C/zh
Publication of JP2006032871A publication Critical patent/JP2006032871A/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

【課題】 半導体チップの表面に形成された電極に配線接続手段を十分な強度で接続するのに最適な構造を有する半導体装置を提供することを目的とする。
【解決手段】 半導体チップ14の主面にAl電極11とCu電極12が積層された積層電極13を形成し、積層電極13の一部にAl電極11が露出した接続パッド19、22を設ける。
接続パッド19、22を少なくとも表面がCuを主に含まない材料で構成された接続導体17、20を介してリードフレームのリード端子18、21に接続する。
【選択図】 図1

Description

本発明は、半導体装置に係り、特に半導体チップの表面に形成された電極に配線接続手段を十分な強度で接続するのに最適な構造を有する半導体装置に関する。
従来、半導体チップの配線とパッケージの配線とを接続した半導体装置では半導体チップの接続パッドに対してワイヤーボンデインクをおこなって半導体装置が製造されていた。
近年、半導体装置の高度化に伴い、Al(アルミニウム)よりも導電性の良いCu(銅)が配線材料として用いられている。例えば、パワーMOSトランジスタでは大電力化に伴い、電極の抵抗による電力損失を減らすために、Alの上にCuを積層した構造の電極が用いられている。
然しながら、Cu電極の接続パットにAlまたはAu(金)ワイヤーを接続する場合に、例えばCuを加熱して還元雰囲気中で接合させるなどの方法がおこなわれるが、CuはAlまたはAuと合金層を形成し難いため十分な接続強度が得られない問題がある。
これに対して、Cu電極の上にAlまたはAuと合金層を形成しやすい金属の接続パッドを形成し、この接続パッドに接続導体を接続する方法が知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
特許文献1に開示されたCu電極と接続導体の接続方法では、回路基板の電極、例えばプリント配線板のCu電極上に厚さ0.3〜1.2μmのSn(錫)メッキ層を形成し、半導体チップの電極上に形成した金バンプとSnメッキ層とをSnの融点以下の加熱状態で加圧して、固層反応によってAu−Sn合金層を形成させ、プリント配線板上に半導体チップをフリップチップ実装している。
また、Cu電極の上に形成したNiバリア層を介してAuバンプを形成した半導体装置が知られている(例えば、特許文献2参照。)。
特許文献2に開示された半導体装置では、Cu電極の接続パッド上に、無電界メッキ法により形成された厚さ1μm程度のCu層と、無電界メッキ法により形成された厚さ0.5〜5μm程度のNiバリア層とが積層され、Niバリア層上には、Auバンプが形成されている。
然しながら、特許文献1または特許文献2に開示された方法では、Cu電極の上にSnまたはNiを無電界メッキ法により形成しているので、製造工程が増加し、メッキ層が厚くなるほどその形成コストが高くなる問題がある。
特開平11−191575号公報(3頁、図1) 特開2000−91369号公報(4頁、図1)
本発明は、半導体チップの表面に形成された電極に配線接続手段を十分な強度で接続するのに最適な構造を有する半導体装置を提供する。
上記目的を達成するために、本発明の一態様の半導体装置では、リードフレームと、主面と反対面側が前記リードフレーム上に載置された半導体チップと、前記半導体チップの主面に形成されたアルミニウムを主成分とする第1電極と、一端部が前記第1電極に接続され、他端部が前記リードフレームのリード端子に接続され、少なくとも表面が銅を主に含まない材料で構成された線または帯状の配線接続手段と、前記第1電極上に少なくとも前記一端部が接続された領域を除いて選択的に形成された銅を主成分とする第2電極とを有することを特徴としている。
また、本発明の別態様の半導体装置では、リードフレームと、主面側が前記リードフレーム上に載置された半導体チップと、前記半導体チップの主面に形成されたアルミニウムを主成分とする第1電極と、一端部が前記第1電極に接続され、他端部が前記リードフレームのリード端子に接続され、少なくとも表面が銅を主に含まない材料で構成された突起状の配線接続手段と、前記第1電極上に少なくとも前記一端部が接続された領域を除いて選択的に形成された銅を主成分とする第2電極とを有することを特徴としている。
本発明によれば、Al電極の上にCu電極を積層した積層電極の一部にAl電極が露出した接続パッドを設けたので、少なくとも表面がCuを主に含まない材料で構成された配線接続手段を十分な強度で接続することができる。
その結果、十分な接続信頼性が得られ、信頼性の高い半導体装置を提供することができる。
以下、本発明の実施例について図面を参照しながら説明する。
本発明の実施例1に係る半導体装置について、図1および図2を参照して説明する。図1は本発明の実施例1に係る半導体装置の構成を示す図で、図1(a)はその外囲器の一部が切り欠きされた平面図、図1(b)は図1(a)のA−A線に沿って切断し、矢印の方向に眺めた断面図、図2は半導体チップの構成を示す図で、図2(a)はその平面図、図2(b)は図2(a)のB−B線に沿って切断し、矢印の方向に眺めた断面図、図2(c)は図2(a)のC−C線に沿って切断し、矢印の方向に眺めた断面図である。
図1に示すように、本実施の形態の半導体装置10は、表面にAl電極11と、Al電極11の上にCu電極12が積層された積層電極13を有する半導体チップ14、例えば表面に複数の積層電極13、例えばゲート電極Gとソース電極S、および裏面に単一の電極、例えばドレイン電極D(図示せず)を有するnチャンネル縦型絶縁ゲート電界効果トランジスタ、例えばパワーMOSトランジスタを8ピンのスモールアウトラインパッケージ(SOP:Small Outline Package)に収納した場合の例である。
即ち、半導体チップ14はニッケルまたは半田メッキされた銅製のリードフレーム15上にドレイン電極Dを下向きにして載置されている。
ドレイン電極Dは、リードフレーム15のアイランド部15aに導電性接着剤で固着され、複数のリード端子16に接続されている。
ソース電極Sは、複数の接続導体17を介して複数のリード端子18に接続されている。即ち、複数の接続導体17の一端部17aがソース電極Sの一部にAl電極11を露出させた接続パッド19に接続され、複数の接続導体17の他端部17bが複数のリード端子18に接続されている。
同様に、ゲート電極Gは、接続導体20を介してリード端子22に接続されている。即ち、接続導体20の一端部がゲート電極Gの一部にAl電極11を露出させた接続パッド21に接続され、接続導体20の他端部がリード端子22に接続されている。
そして、これら全体が樹脂23でモールドされて、SOP型の半導体装置10を構成している。
次に、図2に示すように、半導体チップ14は、半導体チップ14の表面の中央部に角部が切り欠きされた方形状のソース電極Sと、半導体チップ14の表面の外周部にソース電極Sを取り囲む方形状のゲート電極Gと、半導体チップ14の裏面の全面にドレイン電極Dを有している。
ソース電極Sおよびゲート電極Gは、例えば厚さ2〜6μm程度のAl電極11と、例えば厚さ5〜10μm程度のCu電極12との積層電極13で、Al電極11とCu電極12の間にはAlとCuの密着性を向上させるために、例えば厚さ1〜5μm程度のNi(ニッケル)中間層25が形成されている。ドレイン電極Dには、例えば厚さ2〜6μm程度のAl電極26が形成されている。
そして、ソース電極Sおよびゲート電極Gの一部にAl電極11を露出させた接続パッド19、22が形成されている。
Al電極11とCu電極12が積層された積層電極13では、その電極抵抗は周知のようにAl電極11の抵抗とCu電極12の抵抗を並列接続した抵抗で表されるので、Al電極11とCu電極12の厚さに応じた電極抵抗が得られる。
即ち、図3に示すように、積層電極13の比抵抗として、Cu電極12の比率Xに応じてAlの比抵抗2.65E−6Ω・cmからCuの比抵抗1.673E−6Ω・cmまでの範囲が得られる。
次に、半導体装置10の製造方法について詳しく説明する。図4は半導体チップ14にソースの積層電極13と接続パッド18を形成する工程を順に示す断面図である。
始に、図4(a)に示すように、半導体チップ14上にAl電極11を、例えばスパッタ法により厚さ2〜6μm程度形成した後、図4(b)に示すように、接続パッド19が配置される位置にレジスト膜31を、例えば厚さ1〜2μm程度形成する。
次に、図4(c)に示すように、レジスト膜31をマスクとしてAl電極11上にNi中間層25を、例えばNiメッキ液に浸漬して無電界メッキ法により、選択的に1〜5μm程度形成する。
次に、図4(d)に示すように、レジスト膜31をマスクとしてNi中間層25上にCu電極12を、例えばCuメッキ液に浸漬して無電界メッキ法により、選択的に5〜10μm程度形成する。
次に、図4(e)に示すように、レジスト膜31を除去することにより、Ni中間層25を介してAl電極11とCu電極12が積層された積層電極13、および積層電極13のAl電極11が露出した接続パッド19が得られる。この接続パッド19には、接続導体17の一端部17aが接続される。
ゲートの積層電極13と接続パッド22も同様にして形成される。
次に、半導体チップ14をリードフレーム15のアイランド部15aに導電性接着剤で固着した後、ソース電極Sの接続パッド19およびゲート電極Gの接続パッド22を、接続導体17、20、例えばAuワイヤーを介してリード端子18、21にそれぞれ接続し、これら全体を樹脂23でモールドすることにより、図1に示した半導体装置10が完成する。
従って、Al電極11とCu電極12が積層された積層電極13の一部にAl電極11が露出した接続パッド19、22を設けることにより、積層電極13に接続導体を十分な強度で接合することが可能である。
図5は、Alの接続パッド19、22とAuワイヤーの接合強度を、Cu電極とAuワイヤーの接合強度と比較して示したもので、Al−Au接続ではCu−Au接続に対して、5%程度接合強度が向上している。
以上説明したように、実施例1に係る半導体装置10では、Al電極11の上にCu電極12を積層した積層電極13の一部にAl電極11が露出した接続パッド19、22を設けたので、少なくとも表面がCuを主に含まない材料で構成された接続導体を十分な強度で接続することができる。
その結果、十分な接続信頼性が得られ、信頼性の高い半導体装置を提供することができる。
ここでは、Cu電極12を無電解メッキ法により形成する場合について説明したが、目的の厚さが得られる範囲内であれば別の方法、例えば真空蒸着法あるいはスパッタリング法などでも構わない。その場合、Ni中間層は無くても構わない。
また、ソース電極Sおよびゲート電極Gをともに積層電極13とした場合について説明したが、ゲートには電流が殆ど流れないので動作に支障を及ぼさない範囲内であれば積層電極13以外の電極、例えばAl電極11だけでも構わない。
図6は本発明の実施例2に係る半導体装置の構成を示す図で、図6(a)はその外囲器の一部が切り欠きされた平面図、図6(b)は図6(a)のD−D線に沿って切断し、矢印の方向に眺めた断面図ある。
本実施例において上記実施例1と同一の構成部分には同一符号を付してその説明は省略し、異なる部分についてのみ説明する。
本実施例が実施例1と異なる点は、Al電極とCu電極が積層された積層電極を有する2つのパワーMOSトランジスタが集積された半導体チップをスモールアウトラインパッケージに収納したことにある。
即ち、図6に示すように、本実施の形態の半導体装置40の半導体チップ41は、半導体チップ41の表面の中央部に対向して配置され、角部が切り欠きされた櫛の歯状のソース電極S1、S2と、外周部にソース電極S1、S2をそれぞれ取り囲む枠状のゲート電極G1、G2と、裏面の全面に共通のドレイン電極D(図示せず)を有している。
ソース電極S1およびS2には櫛の歯の根元部にAl電極11を露出させた接続パッド42、および43が形成され、同じく、ゲート電極G1、G2には、ソース電極S1およびS2の角部が切り欠きされた領域に接続パッド44、45が形成されている。
半導体チップ41はニッケルまたは半田メッキされた銅製のリードフレーム46上にドレイン電極Dを下向きにして載置されている。
ドレイン電極Dは、リードフレーム46のアイランド部46aに導電性接着剤で固着され、複数のリード端子47、48に接続されている。
ソース電極S1は、複数の接続導体49、例えばAuワイヤーを介して複数のリード端子50に接続されている。即ち、複数の接続導体49の一端部49aがソース電極S1のAl電極11を露出させた接続パッド42に接続され、複数の接続導体49の他端部49bが複数のリード端子50に接続されている。
ゲート電極G1は、接続導体51を介してリード端子52に接続されている。即ち、接続導体51の一端部がゲート電極G1の一端部にAl電極11を露出させた接続パッド44に接続され、接続導体51の他端部がリード端子52に接続されている。
同様に、ソース電極S2は、複数の接続導体53を介して複数のリード端子54に接続され、ゲート電極G2は、接続導体55を介してリード端子56に接続されている。
そして、これら全体が樹脂57でモールドされて、SOP型の半導体装置40を構成している。
従って、Al電極11とCu電極12が積層された積層電極13の一部にAl電極11が露出した接続パッド42〜45を設けることにより、積層電極13に接続導体を十分な強度で接合することが可能である。
以上説明したように、実施例2に係る半導体装置40では、2つのパワーMOSトランジスタが集積された半導体チップ41上にAl電極11とCu電極12が積層された積層電極13のAl電極11が露出した接続パッド42〜45を設けたので、十分な接続強度を有する小型の半導体装置を提供することができる。
図7は本発明の実施例3に係る半導体装置の構成を示す図で、図7(a)はその外囲器の一部が切り欠きされた平面図、図7(b)は図7(a)のE−E線に沿って切断し、矢印の方向に眺めた断面図、図7(c)は図7(b)の要部を拡大した断面図である。
本実施例において上記実施例1と同一の構成部分には同一符号を付してその説明は省略し、異なる部分についてのみ説明する。
本実施例が実施例1と異なる点は、Al電極とCu電極が積層された積層電極を有する2つのパワーMOSトランジスタが集積された半導体チップのAl電極が露出した接続パッドの上に金属バンプを形成し、リードフレームにフリップチップ接続したことにある。
即ち、図7に示すように、本実施の形態の半導体装置70の半導体チップ71はソース電極S1の接続パッド42上に金属バンプ72と、ソース電極S2の接続パッド43上に金属バンプ(図示せず)を有している。
同様に、ゲート電極G1の接続パッド44上に金属バンプ73と、ゲート電極G2の接続パッド45上に金属バンプ(図示せず)を有している。
金属バンプ72、73は、例えばAuバンプで、Auバンプはボンディング装置を使用して、キャピラリ先端にAu線のボールを形成し、このAuボールを加熱しながら超音波を印加してAlの接続パッド上にボンディングし、更にこの接続パッド上のAuボールを押し潰してAuバンプを形成するスタッドバンプ法により形成することができる。
半導体チップ71はニッケルまたは半田メッキされた銅製のリードフレーム74上にソース電極S1、S2およびゲート電極G1、G2側を下向きにして載置される。
ソース電極S1は複数の金属バンプ72を介してリード端子75にフリップチップ接続され、ゲート電極G1はAuバンプ73を介してリード端子76にフリップチップ接続されている。
同様に、ソース電極S2は、複数のAuバンプ(図示せず)を介してリード端子77にフリップチップ接続され、ゲート電極G1は、Auバンプ(図示せず)を介してリード端子78にフリップチップ接続されている。
そして、これら全体が樹脂79でモールドされて、SOP型の半導体装置70を構成している。
従って、Al電極11とCu電極12が積層された積層電極13の一部にAl電極11が露出した接続パッドに金属バンプを設けることにより、積層電極13をリードフレームに十分な強度でフリップチップ接合することが可能である。
以上説明したように、実施例3に係る半導体装置70では、2つのパワーMOSトランジスタが集積された半導体チップ71上にAl電極11とCu電極12が積層された積層電極13のAl電極11が露出した接続パッド上に金属バンプ72、73を形成して、リードフレーム74にフリップチップ接続しているので、十分な接続強度を有する小型の半導体装置を提供することができる。
ここでは、リードフレームにフリップチップ接続する場合について説明したが、プリント配線基板の接続パッドにフリップチップ接続しても構わない。
また、プリント配線基板の接続パッドがAl配線とCu配線が積層された積層配線のAl配線が露出した接続パッドであっても構わない。
本発明の実施例1に係る半導体装置の構成を示す図で、図1(a)はその外囲器の一部が切り欠きされた平面図、図1(b)は図1(a)のA−A線に沿って切断し、矢印の方向に眺めた断面図。 本発明の実施例1に係る半導体チップの構成を示す図で、図2(a)はその平面図、図2(b)は図2(a)のB−B線に沿って切断し、矢印の方向に眺めた断面図、図2(c)は図2(a)のC−C線に沿って切断し、矢印の方向に眺めた断面図である。 本発明の実施例1に係るAl電極と疎な電極を積層した積層電極の比抵抗の範囲を示す図。 本発明の実施例1に係る半導体チップ積層電極と接続パッドを形成する工程を順に示す断面図である。 本発明の実施例1に係る接続パッドと接続導体の接合強度を示す図。 本発明の実施例2に係る半導体装置の構成を示す図で、図6(a)はその外囲器の一部が切り欠きされた平面図、図6(b)は図6(a)のD−D線に沿って切断し、矢印の方向に眺めた断面図。 本発明の実施例3に係る半導体装置の構成を示す図で、図7(a)はその外囲器の一部が切り欠きされた平面図、図7(b)は図7(a)のE−E線に沿って切断し、矢印の方向に眺めた断面図、図7(c)は図7(b)の要部を拡大した断面図。
符号の説明
10、40、70 半導体装置
11、26 Al電極
12 Cu電極
13 積層電極
14、41、71 半導体チップ
15、46、74 リードフレーム
16、18、21、47、48、50、52、54、56、75、76、77、78 リード端子
17、20、49、51、53、55 接続導体
17a、49a 接続導体の一端部
17b、49b 接続導体の他端部
19、22、42、43、44、45 接続パッド
23、57、79 樹脂
25 Ni中間層
31 レジスト膜
72、73 金属バンプ

Claims (5)

  1. リードフレームと、
    主面と反対面側が前記リードフレーム上に載置された半導体チップと、
    前記半導体チップの主面に形成されたアルミニウムを主成分とする第1電極と、
    一端部が前記第1電極に接続され、他端部が前記リードフレームのリード端子に接続され、少なくとも表面が銅を主に含まない材料で構成された線または帯状の配線接続手段と、
    前記第1電極上に少なくとも前記一端部が接続された領域を除いて選択的に形成された銅を主成分とする第2電極と、
    を有することを特徴とする半導体装置。
  2. リードフレームと、
    主面側が前記リードフレーム上に載置された半導体チップと、
    前記半導体チップの主面に形成されたアルミニウムを主成分とする第1電極と、
    一端部が前記第1電極に接続され、他端部が前記リードフレームのリード端子に接続され、少なくとも表面が銅を主に含まない材料で構成された突起状の配線接続手段と、
    前記第1電極上に少なくとも前記一端部が接続された領域を除いて選択的に形成された銅を主成分とする第2電極と、
    を有することを特徴とする半導体装置。
  3. 前記アルミニウムを主成分とする第1電極と前記第1導電層上に形成された銅を主成分とする前記第2電極が積層された積層電極の前記アルミニウムを主成分とする第1電極が露出した領域を接続パッドとしたことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の半導体装置。
  4. 前記配線接続手段がアルミニウムまたは金を主成分とする接続導体であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項2のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
  5. 前記アルミニウムを主成分とする第1電極と前記銅を主成分とする第2電極の間にニッケルを主成分とする中間層を更に有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
JP2004213696A 2004-07-22 2004-07-22 半導体装置 Pending JP2006032871A (ja)

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JP2017011129A (ja) * 2015-06-23 2017-01-12 三菱電機株式会社 半導体装置
WO2021181747A1 (ja) * 2020-03-11 2021-09-16 株式会社日立パワーデバイス 半導体装置

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