JP2005529115A - 粒状活性物質を含むエアロゾル - Google Patents
粒状活性物質を含むエアロゾル Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
a)各投薬で送達される活性物質の量の相対標準偏差RSD(すなわち、平均値のパーセンテージとして表された標準偏差)が、好ましくは、引き続く3投薬、さらに好ましくは5,最も好ましくは10又は30又は50又は70又は100又は150又は200投薬にわたって15%以下である。さらに好ましくは、RSDは、12又は10又は8又は7又は6又は5又は4又は3%以下である。
b)送給された投薬における微粒子含有量(送給された活性物質でMMADが微粒子の範囲、例えば、<3.5又は3.3μm、にある量)のRSDが、好ましくは、引き続く3投薬、さらに好ましくは5,最も好ましくは10又は30又は50又は70又は100又は150又は200投薬にわたって15%以下である。さらに好ましくは、RSDは、9又は8又は7又は6又は5又は2%以下である。
c)各投薬に含まれる微粒子比率(fraction)(すなわち、MMADが微粒子の範囲にある活性物質の量を当該投薬における全活性物質の量のパーセンテージで表したもの)のRSDが、好ましくは、引き続く3投薬、さらに好ましくは5,最も好ましくは10又は30又は50又は70又は100又は150又は200投薬にわたって17%以下である。さらに好ましくは、RSDは、15又は13又は10又は8又は6又は5%以下である。
d)各投薬に含まれる活性物質粒子のMMADのRSDが、好ましくは、引き続く3投薬、さらに好ましくは5,最も好ましくは10又は30又は50又は70又は100又は150又は200投薬にわたって9.5%以下である。さらに好ましくは、RSDは、7又は4又は3又は2%以下である。
e)各投薬に含まれる微粒子比率が、好ましくは、引き続く3投薬、さらに好ましくは5,最も好ましくは10又は30又は50又は70又は100又は150又は200投薬にわたって、少なくとも25%であり、さらに好ましくは少なくとも26又は27%であり、最も好ましくは少なくとも30又は35%である。
f)各投薬で送給される粒子のMMADが、好ましくは、やはり適当には引き続く3投薬、さらに好ましくは5,最も好ましくは10又は30又は50又は70又は100又は150又は200投薬にわたって、4μ以下、さらに好ましくは3.8又は3.5μm以下である。
図1から13までは、以下の実施例1から7まででテストされたサンプルについて、時間による凝集体積の変化を示すグラフである。
凝集体積は、上述の一般的な仕方で測定された。0.4gの当該サンプルが100mlのガラス・エアロゾルびんに充填された。びんは40mlの噴射剤流体と共に加圧されて1%w/v分散物を作り、30秒間激しく振とうして粉末を完全に分散させた。振とうの後、びんは平らな表面に置かれ、その後の10分間、凝集体積が15秒毎に目で測定された。
多形形態Iのキシナホ酸サルメテロール(サンプルA)がメタノールから(2%w/v)、動作温度60℃、動作圧力100バール、出口直径200μmのノズル、容量50mlの粒子形成容器、サルメテロール溶液の流量0.4ml/分、及びCO2流量20ml/分(注:全てのCO2流量はポンプヘッドで測定された)を用いて析出された。生成物のMMADは5.3μmであった(AerosizerTM)。
実施例1a(サンプルAとB)の凝集性能が噴射剤HFA134a(キシナホ酸サルメテロールより密度が低い)とHFA227ea(キシナホ酸サルメテロールより密度が高い)で、どちらの場合も10分間にわたってテストされた。標準的な微粉化プロセスで作られたキシナホ酸サルメテロール形態IのサンプルC(MMADはAerosizerTMで1.1μm)も同じ条件の下でテストされた。
ブデソニドを、アセトン(2%w/v)から70℃、100バールで析出させた。ブデソニド溶液の流量は12.6ml/分、CO2の流量は833ml/分であった。出口が800μmのノズルが用いられた。生成物のMMADは1.65μmであった(AerosizerTM)。
実施例2aの生成物の凝集性能が、噴射剤HFA134a(ブデソニドより密度が低い)とHFA227ea(ブデソニドより密度が高い)で、微粉化ブデソニド・サンプル(MMD1.5μm)の凝集性能と比較された。
プロピオン酸フルチカゾンの2つのサンプル(異なる多形形態IとII)を、表1に示す動作条件によってアセトン(4%w/v)から析出させた。
実施例3aからのサンプルAとBが、噴射剤HFA134a(プロピオン酸フルチカゾンよりも密度が低い)において、プロピオン酸フルチカゾン形態Iの微粉化サンプルD(MMD2.0μm)と比較された。
硫酸サルブタモールを、ジクロロメタン(DCM)を貧溶媒修飾物質として用いてメタノール(1%w/v)から析出させた。動作温度は75℃、圧力は200バールであった。サルブタモール溶液の流量は42ml/分、DCMの流量は84ml/分、そしてCO2の流量は633ml/分であった。使用したノズルの出口直径は900μmであった。
生成物は板状結晶の形でMMDは3.95μmであった。
実施例4aの生成物が、噴射剤HFA134a(硫酸サルブタモールよりも低密度である)とHFA227ea(硫酸サルブタモールよりも高密度である)において、MMDが14.5μmの微粉化サルブタモール・サンプルと比較された。
極性薬剤メシル酸ジヒドロエルゴタミン(DHE)を50℃及び100バールでメタノール(5%w/v)から析出させた。DHE溶液の流量は1ml/分、そしてCO2の流量は200ml/分であった。用いたプロセスは、実施例1aにおいてサルメテロール・サンプルBで用いられた変型SEDSTMであった。このプロセスでは、CO2はノズル出口で音速ニナリ、ノズルに入る前に120℃に予熱された。生成物のMMADは1.25μm(AerosizerTM)であり、小さな板状結晶から成っていた。
実施例5aの生成物の凝集挙動が、DHEよりも密度が高い噴射剤HFA227eaにおいてテストされた。MMDが15.1μmだった微粉化されたDHEスタート物質もテストされた。
極性薬剤リスペリドン−(9−ヒドロキシ)−パルミテートを、80バールでテトラヒドロフラン(5%w/v)から析出させた。2つのサンプルAとBが、実施例1aのサンプルBの場合のような変型SEDSTMプロセスを用いて作られた(音速のCO2;CO2を90℃に予熱;容器温度36℃);第三のサンプルCは、実施例1aのサンプルAの場合のようなプロセスを用い、動作温度41℃及びノズル出口直径400μmを用いて作られた。リスペリドン溶液の流量は、サンプルAでは4ml/分、サンプルBとCでは1ml/分であった。CO2の流量は全ての実験で200ml/分であった。
実施例6aの生成物が、HFA134aとHFA227eaの両方で、スタート物質(MMD8.1μm)と比較された。
抗喘息薬“化合物I”を、80℃、200バ−ルで、400μmの直径のノズルを用いてメタノールから析出させた。2つのサンプルAとBが、それぞれ、0.2及び1.25%の薬剤溶液濃度を用いて作られた。サンプルAの調製では、薬剤溶液流量は10ml/分、CO2流量は100ml/分であり、サンプルBの調製では、薬剤溶液流量は4.5ml/分、CO2流量は150ml/分であった。どちらの場合も、針状結晶が得られた:それらのMMDは、それぞれ、5.7及び15.1μmであった(SympatecTM)。
実施例7aの生成物を、HFA134aとHFA227eaの両方において、化合物Iの微粉化サンプル(MMD3.4μm)と比較した。
パーキンソン秒の治療に用いられる極性薬剤、メシル酸ブロモクリプチン、を、実施例1aのサンプルBのように変型SEDSTMプロセス(音速CO2;CO2を90℃に予熱)を用いてエタノール(濃度1.2%w/v)から析出させた。動作圧力と温度は、それぞれ、80バール及び36℃であった。薬剤溶液流量は、サンプルAでは1ml/分、サンプルBでは4ml/分であった;どちらの場合も、CO2流量は200ml/分であった。ノズルの出口直径は200μmであった。
サンプルBは小さな板状結晶の形で析出し、サンプルAはアモルファスであった。
実施例8aの結晶生成物(サンプルB)の凝集性能がHFA134aとHFA227eaの両方でテストされた。
結晶DHEを、実施例1aにおいてサルメテロール・サンプルBで用いられた変形SEDSTMプロセスによって調製した。薬剤は、ジメチルホルムアミド/水(9:1v/v)混合物(5%w/v)から50℃、100バールで析出させた。CO2はノズル出口で音速になり、ノズルに入る前に112℃に予熱された。ノズルは出口直径が0.2mmで、粒子形成容器の容量は2リットルであった。CO2の流量は12kg/時間、DHE溶液の流量は1ml/分であった。生成物は薄い板状粒子の形を有していた。
DHEをHFA134a中で1.3%w/wの濃度で製剤して実施例9を繰り返した。結果は表4(CIテスト)と5(投薬含有量の一様性)に示されており、やはり懸濁液の良い安定性と送達の高い一様性をはっきり示している。
本発明のよるエアロゾル製剤の安定性が、周囲条件下での長期貯蔵期間ヲシミュレートするように設計された熱サイクリング処理を用いて評価された。実施例9で述べたように調剤された薬剤DHEの結晶サンプル(SympatecTMによりVMD2.8μm;バルク粉末密度0.14g/ml)が、実施例9と10のように、標準pMDIエアロゾル・カニスター中でHFA134aに懸濁された。2つの製剤が調製された。11AはDHE濃度が8mg/ml、11BはDHE濃度が16mg/mlであった。
実施例8aで述べたようにアモルファス及び結晶メシル酸ブロモクリプチン・サンプルが調製された。やはり、サンプルAはアモルファスであり、サンプルBは高度に結晶性であった。
実施例9で用いたと同様のテスト手順に従って、3つの製剤12Aから12Cまでの投薬含有量の一様性が、充填されたエアロゾル・カニスターの全内容にわたって確認された、ベースプレート(クアドラポッド)装置を用いて、0.6mm外径のValoisブート・アクチュエーター(Valois Pharmaceuticals, Marly-le-Roi, France)から各製剤を作動させて、10mlのメタノール/水に採取した。送達された各投薬のブルモクリプチン含有量が、充填されたカニスター使用の始め、中頃、及び終わりについて、HPLCに予って重複して測定された。
Claims (33)
- 空気動力学的直径の質量中央値(MMAD)が10μm未満である粒状活性物質を非溶媒ハイドロフルオロカーボン流体ビヒクル中に0.5%w/v以上の濃度で懸濁させて含むエアロゾル製剤。
- 前記粒状活性物質が5μm未満のMMADを有する、請求項1に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 前記粒状活性物質の前記ビヒクル中の濃度が0.5〜1.5%w/vである、請求項1又は2に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 前記流体ビヒクルが、1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン(HFA134a)又は1,1,1,2,3,3,3−ヘプタフルオロプロパン(HFA227ea)又はそれらの混合物である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 前記活性物質が吸入による送達に適した医薬的に活性な物質又はニュートラシューティカルとして活性な物質である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 分散を促進する又は安定化する添加剤又は共溶媒又は潤滑性増強添加剤を全く又は実質的に全く含まない、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 定量噴霧式吸入器で使用するのに適した、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 定量噴霧式吸入器を用いて一連の等しい体積の投薬として送達されたとき、または一連の等しい体積の投薬としてカスケード・インパクターに送達されたとき、以下の結果、すなわち:
a)各投薬で送達される活性物質の量の相対標準偏差RSD(すなわち、平均値のパーセンテージとして表された標準偏差)が引き続く100回の投薬で15%以下である;
b)送達された投薬の微粒子含有量(MMADが微粒子領域、<3.5μm、にある送達された活性物質の量)のRSDが引き続く100回の投薬で15%以下である;
c)各投薬に含まれる微粒子比率(すなわち、MMADが微粒子領域にある活性物質の量を当該投薬における活性物質の総量のパーセンテージとして表したもの)のRSDが引き続く100回の投薬で17%以下である;
d)各投薬に含まれる活性物質粒子のMMADのRSDが引き続く100回の投薬で9.5%以下である;
e)各投薬に含まれる微粒子比率が引き続く100回の投薬で少なくとも25%である;
f)各投薬で送達される粒子のMMADが引き続く100回の投薬にわたって4μm以下である;
の1つ以上を与える、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のエアロゾル製剤。 - 25℃及び相対湿度60%で少なくとも12ヶ月の期間貯蔵した後でも結果(a)から(f)までの1つ以上を与える、請求項8に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 定量噴霧式吸入器又は同等の送達装置を用いて生きたヒト又は動物患者に送達されたとき、同じ又は同様な粒径を有するが微粉化によって製造された同じ化学物質を同じ流体ビヒクルに同じ濃度で含む製剤に比べて、前記患者の血流へのより速やかな放出に導く、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 定量噴霧式吸入器又は同等の送達装置を用いて生きたヒト又は動物患者に送達されたとき、患者の血流における前記活性物質の最大濃度、Cmax、が送達から30分以内に達成されるようになる、請求項10に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- Cmaxが送達から15分以内に達成される、請求項11に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 定量噴霧式吸入器又は同等の送達装置を用いて生きたヒト又は動物患者に送達されたとき、同じ又は同様な粒径を有するが微粉化によって製造された同じ化学物質を同じ流体ビヒクルに同じ濃度で含む製剤に比べて、投薬の送達の後に、患者において前記活性物質のより高い全体及び/又は最大血漿濃度を生ずる、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 前記流体ビヒクルが、1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン(HFA134a)又は1,1,1,2,3,3,3−ヘプタフルオロプロパン(HFA227ea)であり、前記活性物質とビヒクルを混合してから30秒後に35%以上の凝集体積を示す、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 混合から30秒後に当該ビヒクルにおいて50%以上の凝集体積を示す、請求項14に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 混合から5分後に前記の定められた凝集体積を示す、請求項14又は請求項15に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 混合から10分後に前記の定められた凝集体積を示す、請求項16に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 前記流体ビヒクルが、1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン(HFA134a)又は1,1,1,2,3,3,3−ヘプタフルオロプロパン(HFA227ea)であり、前記活性物質とビヒクルの十分な混合の後最初の60秒間に示す凝集体積の変化(減少)率が毎分20%以下である、請求項1〜17のいずれか1項に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 前記の定められた状況で、前記活性物質とビヒクルの十分な混合の後最初の60秒間に示す凝集体積の変化(減少)率が毎分10%以下である、請求項18に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 前記の定められた状況で、前記活性物質とビヒクルの十分な混合の後最初の120秒間に示す凝集体積の変化(減少)率が毎分20%以下である、請求項18又は請求項19に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 前記流体ビヒクルが、1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン(HFA134a)又は1,1,1,2,3,3,3−ヘプタフルオロプロパン(HFA227ea)であり、前記活性物質とビヒクルを混合してから5分後に、同じ又は同様な粒径を有するが微粉化によって製造された同じ化学物質を同じ流体ビヒクルに同じ濃度で含む製剤が示す凝集体積よりも少なくとも20%高い凝集体積を示す、請求項1〜20のいずれか1項に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 前記凝集体積が0.5〜1.5%w/vの濃度で測定される、請求項14〜21のいずれか1項に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 前記凝集体積が1%w/vの濃度で測定される、請求項22に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 前記活性物質の空気動力学的直径の質量中央値(MMAD)が3.5μm未満である、請求項1〜23のいずれか1項に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 前記活性物質が固体粒子の形態である、請求項1〜24のいずれか1項に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 前記活性物質が結晶の形態である、請求項1〜25のいずれか1項に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 前記活性物質が結晶の形態であり、その形態が1つの寸法(dimension)で少なくとも1つの他の寸法(dimension)よりも顕著に長い、請求項26に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 前記活性物質が含む残留溶媒が200ppm未満である、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 前記活性物質が肺を介して全身に送達するのに適している、請求項1〜28のいずれか1項に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 前記活性物質が、偏頭痛、吐き気、不眠症、アレルギー反応(アナフィラキシー反応を含む)、神経又は精神疾患、勃起不全、糖尿病と関連疾患、心臓疾患、けいれん、気管支疾患、痛み、炎症、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される疾病の治療に用いられる薬剤を含む、請求項29に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 前記活性物質が、流体キャリア中の前記活性物質の溶液又は懸濁液(“標的溶液/懸濁液”)に圧縮流体貧溶媒を、前記貧溶媒が前記標的溶液/懸濁液から流体キャリアを抽出し、同時に、前記活性物質の粒子をそれから析出させるように前記標的溶液/懸濁液を分散させることを可能にする条件の下で接触させることによって調製された、請求項1〜30のいずれか1項に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 前記流体ビヒクルが、1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン(HFA134a)又は1,1,1,2,3,3,3−ヘプタフルオロプロパン(HFA227ea)であり、前記活性物質粒子の空気動力学的直径の質量中央値(MMAD)が25℃及び相対湿度60%での3ヶ月以上の貯蔵期間にわたって10%以下しか変動しない、請求項1〜31のいずれか1項に記載のエアロゾル製剤。
- 実質的にここに記載されたようなエアロゾル製剤。
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