JP2005512272A - 架橋ポリマーからなる膜の製法および燃料電池 - Google Patents
架橋ポリマーからなる膜の製法および燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 polyimidazole Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000006551 perfluoro alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- DGUJJOYLOCXENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-[4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical group C=1C=C(OCC2OC2)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 DGUJJOYLOCXENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Cs+] HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Rb+] CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002006 poly(N-vinylimidazole) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- SHKUUQIDMUMQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)butoxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COCCCCOCC1CO1 SHKUUQIDMUMQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- DVSDBMFJEQPWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyllithium Chemical compound C[Li] DVSDBMFJEQPWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002900 organolithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006552 photochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vilsmeier-Haack reagent Natural products CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCFVJGUPQDGYKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=C(OCC2OC2)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OCC1CO1 LCFVJGUPQDGYKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 0 CC(*)(*)c(cc1)cc2c1[n]c(*c1nc3cc(**)ccc3[n]1)n2 Chemical compound CC(*)(*)c(cc1)cc2c1[n]c(*c1nc3cc(**)ccc3[n]1)n2 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Metaphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical group FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940048102 triphosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2256—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those involving carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
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- C08J2379/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2361/00 - C08J2377/00
- C08J2379/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08J2379/06—Polyhydrazides; Polytriazoles; Polyamino-triazoles; Polyoxadiazoles
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Abstract
Description
A)繰り返し単位に少なくとも1つのアミノ基を持つ塩基性ポリマーと少なくとも1種の架橋剤を含有する、適当な溶剤の溶液を調整する工程、
B)工程A)で得た溶液を用いてフィルムをキャスティングする工程、
C)工程A)の溶剤を除去する工程、
D)工程C)で得たフィルムの架橋反応を行う工程、
E)工程D)で得たフィルムを強酸でドーピングする工程
からなる方法であって、該工程A)において塩基性触媒が更に添加される方法により得られる、架橋ポリマー膜が提供される。
15%濃度のPBI溶液(150g、0.4870モル)をそれぞれ、1、2.5、5および7.5モル%のBPAFGEにより、下記の方法で架橋する。
架橋方法
PBI溶液をフラスコに入れ、アルゴンで脱気する。このPBI溶液にKOHを10mg加え、混合物を60℃で30分撹拌する。次いで、架橋剤を加え、混合物を60℃で更に1時間撹拌する。溶液を脱気した後、キャスティングしてフィルムを得る。フィルムを30〜200℃の温度で15〜30分乾燥する。得られたフィルムを85%濃度のH3PO4で少なくとも72時間ドーピングした。その後各種の測定を順次行った。
Claims (24)
- A)繰り返し単位に少なくとも1つのアミノ基を持つ塩基性ポリマーと少なくとも1種の架橋剤を含有する、適当な溶剤の溶液を調整する工程、
B)工程A)で得た溶液を用いてフィルムをキャスティングする工程、
C)工程A)の溶剤を除去する工程、
D)工程C)で得たフィルムの架橋反応を行う工程、
E)工程D)で得たフィルムを強酸でドーピングする工程
からなる方法であって、該工程A)において塩基性触媒が更に添加される方法により得られる、架橋ポリマー膜。 - 前記架橋剤が、1分子あたり、2以上のエポキシ基又はイソシアネート基を持つ請求項1に記載のポリマー膜。
- 前記架橋剤が、1分子あたり、少なくとも3つのエポキシ基を持つ請求項1に記載のポリマー膜。
- 前記架橋剤が、ビスフェノールAグリシジルエーテル(BPAGDE)および/または1,4−ブタンジオールジグリシジルエーテルである請求項1に記載のポリマー膜。
- 工程A)で得た溶液が、塩基性ポリマーの単位あたり0.1〜7モル%の架橋剤を含有する請求項1に記載のポリマー膜。
- 塩基性ポリマーが、ポリベンゾイミダゾール、ポリイミダゾール、ポリビニルイミダゾールまたはポリベンゾビスイミダゾールである請求項1に記載のポリマー膜。
- 工程D)の架橋が加熱により行われ、架橋(工程D)と乾燥(工程C)が同時に1工程で行われるようにした請求項1に記載のポリマー膜。
- フィルムの乾燥が、架橋剤の反応温度よりも低い温度で行われ、次に、架橋を行うためにフィルムは更に加熱される請求項1に記載のポリマー膜。
- 工程D)の架橋が電磁波により行われる(光化学反応)請求項1に記載のポリマー膜。
- 工程E)で用いられる強酸がリン酸または硫酸である請求項1に記載のポリマー膜。
- 用いる塩基性触媒が、周期律表I、IIおよびIII族の元素の塩基性酸化物または水酸化物、周期律表I族の元素の水素化物、または有機リチウム化合物である請求項1に記載のポリマー膜。
- 用いる塩基性触媒が、KOH、LiOH、NaOH、RbOH、CsOH、Ca(OH)2、Mg(OH)2、Ba(OH)2、LiH、NaH、KH、メチルリチウムおよび/またはブチルリチウムである請求項16に記載のポリマー膜。
- 塩基性触媒が、用いる架橋剤に基づき0.01〜5モル%、工程A)で得た溶液に加えられる請求項1に記載のポリマー膜。
- 前記ポリマー膜が、架橋していない膜の破壊靭性の100%以上高い破壊靭性を有する請求項1に記載のポリマー膜。
- 前記ポリマー膜の破断延びが少なくとも60%で、極限引張強度が少なくとも1.5MPである請求項1に記載のポリマー膜。
- 請求項1〜20のいずれかに記載のポリマー膜を膜−電極ユニットの製造に用いること。
- 請求項1〜20のいずれかに記載のポリマー膜を燃料電池の製造に用いること。
- 請求項1〜20のいずれかに記載の少なくとも1つのポリマー膜と、少なくとも1つの電極からなる膜−電極ユニット。
- 請求項23に記載の少なくとも1つの膜−電極ユニットからなる高分子電解質燃料電池。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE10110752A DE10110752A1 (de) | 2001-03-07 | 2001-03-07 | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Membran aus verbrücktem Polymer und Brennstoffzelle |
PCT/EP2002/002215 WO2002070592A2 (de) | 2001-03-07 | 2002-03-01 | Verfahren zur herstellung einer membran aus verbrücktem polymer und brennstoffzelle |
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US (1) | US7229553B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1373379B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4411479B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20030085138A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1494568A (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE303414T1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR0207951A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2439686A1 (ja) |
DE (2) | DE10110752A1 (ja) |
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- 2002-03-01 WO PCT/EP2002/002215 patent/WO2002070592A2/de active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-01 CA CA002439686A patent/CA2439686A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-01 MX MXPA03008092A patent/MXPA03008092A/es unknown
- 2002-03-01 CN CNA028059921A patent/CN1494568A/zh active Pending
- 2002-03-01 JP JP2002570626A patent/JP4411479B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-01 AT AT02732451T patent/ATE303414T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-01 BR BR0207951-8A patent/BR0207951A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-03-01 US US10/468,988 patent/US7229553B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-01 DE DE50204087T patent/DE50204087D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-01 KR KR10-2003-7011570A patent/KR20030085138A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2007115426A (ja) * | 2005-10-18 | 2007-05-10 | Samsung Sdi Co Ltd | 燃料電池用のプロトン伝導性電解質膜及びその製造方法並びに燃料電池 |
JP4597835B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-18 | 2010-12-15 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社 | 燃料電池用のプロトン伝導性電解質膜及びその製造方法並びに燃料電池 |
JP2013510912A (ja) * | 2009-11-14 | 2013-03-28 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 窒素含有ポリマーを機械的に安定化させる方法 |
WO2011078465A2 (ko) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-30 | 한국화학연구원 | 강도가 개선된 다공성 지지체, 그를 이용한 강화 복합전해질 막, 그 막을 구비한 막-전극 어셈블리 및 연료전지 |
WO2011078465A3 (ko) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-08-25 | 한국화학연구원 | 강도가 개선된 다공성 지지체, 그를 이용한 강화 복합전해질 막, 그 막을 구비한 막-전극 어셈블리 및 연료전지 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7229553B2 (en) | 2007-06-12 |
BR0207951A (pt) | 2004-07-27 |
WO2002070592A2 (de) | 2002-09-12 |
MXPA03008092A (es) | 2003-12-12 |
DE10110752A1 (de) | 2002-09-19 |
EP1373379A2 (de) | 2004-01-02 |
DE50204087D1 (de) | 2005-10-06 |
CN1494568A (zh) | 2004-05-05 |
KR20030085138A (ko) | 2003-11-03 |
JP4411479B2 (ja) | 2010-02-10 |
US20040118773A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
EP1373379B1 (de) | 2005-08-31 |
CA2439686A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
WO2002070592A3 (de) | 2002-12-27 |
ATE303414T1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
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