JP2005108828A - 電荷輸送性ワニス、電荷輸送性薄膜および有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 - Google Patents
電荷輸送性ワニス、電荷輸送性薄膜および有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005108828A JP2005108828A JP2004260953A JP2004260953A JP2005108828A JP 2005108828 A JP2005108828 A JP 2005108828A JP 2004260953 A JP2004260953 A JP 2004260953A JP 2004260953 A JP2004260953 A JP 2004260953A JP 2005108828 A JP2005108828 A JP 2005108828A
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- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
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- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinacridone Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC1=C2 NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical group C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003302 alkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000109 alkoxy-substituted poly(p-phenylene vinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZSNNUDOANMGNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;4-phenylphenolate Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CC([O-])=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC([O-])=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC([O-])=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VZSNNUDOANMGNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001602 bicycloalkyls Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000319 biphenyl-4-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004063 butyryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VBVAVBCYMYWNOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin 6 Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C3=CC4=CC=C(C=C4OC3=O)N(CC)CC)=NC2=C1 VBVAVBCYMYWNOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WVIIMZNLDWSIRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylcyclohexane Chemical group C1CCCCC1C1CCCCC1 WVIIMZNLDWSIRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004915 dibutylamino group Chemical group C(CCC)N(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001664 diethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940019778 diethylene glycol diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004914 dipropylamino group Chemical group C(CC)N(CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005678 ethenylene group Chemical group [H]C([*:1])=C([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005677 ethinylene group Chemical group [*:2]C#C[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- CJMZLCRLBNZJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-amino-4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiophene-3-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(N)SC=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 CJMZLCRLBNZJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004705 ethylthio group Chemical group C(C)S* 0.000 description 1
- LNBHUCHAFZUEGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium(3+) Chemical compound [Eu+3] LNBHUCHAFZUEGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006038 hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940031993 lithium benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LDJNSLOKTFFLSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;benzoate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LDJNSLOKTFFLSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium silver Chemical compound [Mg].[Ag] SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004573 morpholin-4-yl group Chemical group N1(CCOCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- FGGAOQTXQHKQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diphenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FGGAOQTXQHKQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVBGVZZKJNLNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C21 KVBGVZZKJNLNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005386 organosiloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical group C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004351 phenylcyclohexyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1(CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000286 phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical group N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubrene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Sr+2] FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001637 strontium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004001 thioalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002306 tributylsilyl group Chemical group C(CCC)[Si](CCCC)(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Abstract
【解決手段】 電荷輸送性オリゴマー(例えばオリゴアニリン等)と非晶質性を示す有機酸とを少なくとも一種類の有機溶剤に溶解または分散させてなることを特徴とする電荷輸送性ワニス、並びにそれを使用することを特徴とする電荷輸送性薄膜および有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子に関する。
【選択図】 なし
Description
アプライド・フィジックス・レターズ(Applied Physics Letters)、米国、1996年、69巻、p.2160−2162 ネイチャー(Nature)、英国、1992年、第357巻、p.477−479 アプライド・フィジックス・レターズ(Applied Physics Letters)、米国、1994年、64巻、p.1245−1247 アプライド・フィジックス・レターズ(Applied Physics Letters)、米国、1998年、72巻、p.2660−2662 アイイーイーイー・トランサクションズ・オン・エレクトロン・デバイシイズ(IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices)、米国、1997年、44巻、p.1245−1248 アプライド・フィジックス・レターズ(Applied Physics Letters)、米国、1997年、70巻、p.152−154 ジャパニーズ・ジャーナル・オブ・アプライド・フィジックス(Japanese Journal of Applied Physics)、1999年、第38巻、p.1348−1350
で表されるオリゴアニリン誘導体、またはその酸化体であるキノンジイミン誘導体である〔1〕に記載の電荷輸送性ワニス。
ここで、基板上に塗布・焼成する事で得られる電荷輸送性薄膜の、平坦性および均一性を向上させる必要がある点を考慮すると、前記電荷輸送性オリゴマーおよび非晶質性を示す有機酸は、少なくとも一種の有機溶剤に溶解しているものが好ましい。
なお、数平均分子量は、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(ポリスチレン換算)による測定値である。
(式中、R1〜R6、n及びmは、上記と同じ意味を示す。)
ここで、R1が水素原子で、かつR3がフェニル基である場合、すなわち式(5)のオリゴアニリン誘導体の両末端がフェニル基で封止されていることがより好ましい。
このような化合物の具体例としては、フェニルテトラアニリン、フェニルペンタアニリン、テトラアニリン(アニリン4量体)、オクタアニリン(アニリン8量体)等の有機溶媒に可溶なオリゴアニリン誘導体が挙げられる。
電荷輸送性オリゴマーおよび非晶質性を示す有機酸をよく溶解する有機溶剤である高溶解性溶剤を該ワニスに使用する溶剤全体に対して1〜90重量%の割合で混合しても良い。高溶解性溶剤の使用によって、該ワニスは完全に溶解しているか均一に分散している状態となっていることが好ましい。具体的には以下に限定されるものではないが、メタノール、トルエン、クロロホルム、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、N−メチルピロリドン、N,N’−ジメチルイミダゾリジノンおよびジメチルスルホキシド等の溶剤が適用される。
キャリアブロック層を形成する材料としてPBD、TAZおよびBCPを挙げられる。
電子注入層としては、酸化リチウム(Li2O)、酸化マグネシウム(MgO)、アルミナ(Al2O3)、フッ化リチウム(LiF)、フッ化マグネシウム(MgF2)、フッ化ストロンチウム(SrF2)、Liq、Li(acac)、酢酸リチウムおよび安息香酸リチウム等が挙げられる。
式(6)に示すフェニルテトラアニリン(以下PTAと略す)は、ブレティン・オブ・ケミカル・ソサエティ・オブ・ジャパン(Bulletin of Chemical Society of Japan)、1994年、第67巻、p.1749−1752に従って、p−ヒドロキシジフェニルアミンとp−フェニレンジアミンとから合成した(収率85%)。
40分間オゾン洗浄を行ったITO付きガラス基板上に得られたワニスをスピンコート法により塗布し、空気中200℃10分間焼成を行って薄膜とした。得られた薄膜の膜厚、導電率、イオン化ポテンシャル(Ip)を表1に、電子顕微鏡による表面観察図(×10000)を図1に示す。また、原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)による平均表面粗さは0.139nm、最大凹凸は0.849nmであった。
同様の方法によって本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスを用いてITO付きガラス基板上に正孔輸送性薄膜を形成した後、真空蒸着装置内に導入し、α−NPD、Alq3、LiF、およびAlを順次蒸着した。膜厚はそれぞれ40nm、60nm、0.5nm、および100nmとして、それぞれ8×10-4Pa以下の圧力となってから蒸着操作を行った。その際の蒸着レートはLiF以外の材料については0.3〜0.4nm/s、またLiFについては0.02〜0.04nm/sとした。一連の蒸着操作は全ての層を蒸着するまで真空下で行った。得られたOLED素子の特性を表2に示す。
40分間オゾン洗浄した後のITOガラス基板の電子顕微鏡による表面観察図(×10000)を図2に示す。比較例1の図2は実施例1の図1と比較して、表面に粗さがあることがわかる。また、原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)による平均表面粗さは0.358nm、最大凹凸は1.356nmであり、実施例1より凹凸が明らかに大きいことがわかった。
ITOガラス基板を40分間オゾン洗浄した後、真空蒸着装置内に導入し、真空蒸着装置内でITOガラス基板上に銅フタロシアニン(CuPC)を蒸着した。ドライプロセスによって得られた薄膜の膜厚、導電率、Ipを表1に、電子顕微鏡による表面観察図(×10000)を図3に示す。比較例2の図3は実施例1の図1と比較して、表面に粗さがあることがわかる。また、原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)による平均表面粗さは0.446nm、最大凹凸は1.946nmであり、実施例1より凹凸が明らかに大きいことがわかった。
比較例2と同様のCuPCを用いて、実施例2に記載の方法を用いてOLED素子を作製した。得られたOLED素子の特性を表2に示す。CuPCをバッファ層としたOLED素子は、発光開始電圧あるいは10mA/cm2および100mA/cm2をしきい値とした時の電圧、輝度、発光効率において、実施例2に記載のOLED素子特性より劣っていた。
実施例1に記載の方法を用いて合成および精製を行って得たPTA、およびDNNDSAを用いて、固形分量を4.0%に保ったままDNNDSAの重量比を1/2倍としたワニスを調製した。
即ち、得られたPTA 1.000g(2.260mmol)と、DNNDSA イソブタノール55重量パーセント溶液 2.222g(2.260mmol)とを窒素雰囲気下、DMAc 13.08gに完全に溶解させた。得られた溶液にc−HexOH 39.25gを加え攪拌し、ワニスを調製した(固形分4.0%)。
実施例3で得られた電荷輸送性薄膜を用いて、実施例2に記載の方法を用いてOLED素子を作製した。得られたOLED素子の特性を表2に示す。
ポリエチレンジオキシチオフェン−ポリスチレンスルホン酸水溶液をスピンコート法により実施例1と同条件のITOガラス基板上に塗布し、空気中120℃1時間焼成し、薄膜を得た。得られた薄膜の膜厚、導電率、Ipを表1に示す。
比較例4と同様のポリエチレンジオキシチオフェン−ポリスチレンスルホン酸水溶液を用いて、実施例2に記載の方法を用いてOLED素子を作製した。得られたOLED素子の特性を表2に示す。ポリエチレンジオキシチオフェン−ポリスチレンスルホン酸をバッファ層としたOLED素子は、発光開始電圧あるいは10mA/cm2および100mA/cm2をしきい値とした時の電圧、輝度、発光効率において、実施例2に記載のOLED素子特性より劣っていた。
Claims (6)
- 電荷輸送性オリゴマーと非晶質性を示す有機酸とを少なくとも一種類の有機溶剤に溶解または分散させてなることを特徴とする電荷輸送性ワニス。
- 電荷輸送性オリゴマーが少なくとも一種類の共役単位が連続した構造である分子量200〜4000のオリゴマーである請求項1記載の電荷輸送性ワニス。
- 電荷輸送性オリゴマーが一般式(1)
(式中、AおよびBはそれぞれ独立に下記一般式(2)または(3)で表される二価の基であり、
R1、R2およびR3はそれぞれ独立して水素、一価の炭化水素基,オルガノオキシ基またはオルガノアミノ基を示し、R4〜R11はそれぞれ独立して水素、水酸基、一価炭化水素基、オルガノオキシ基、アシル基またはスルホン酸基を示し、m及びnはそれぞれ独立に1以上の整数で、m+n≦20を満足する。)
で表されるオリゴアニリン誘導体、またはその酸化体であるキノンジイミン誘導体である請求項1に記載の電荷輸送性ワニス。 - 非晶質性を示す有機酸が一般式(4)
- 請求項1、請求項2、請求項3または請求項4に記載の電荷輸送性ワニスを使用して作製されることを特徴とする電荷輸送性薄膜。
- 請求項1、請求項2、請求項3または請求項4に記載の電荷輸送性ワニスを使用して作製されることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
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