JP2005041769A - 炭素化物及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
炭素化物及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2005041769A JP2005041769A JP2004195235A JP2004195235A JP2005041769A JP 2005041769 A JP2005041769 A JP 2005041769A JP 2004195235 A JP2004195235 A JP 2004195235A JP 2004195235 A JP2004195235 A JP 2004195235A JP 2005041769 A JP2005041769 A JP 2005041769A
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- carbonized product
- carbonized
- diamino
- benzene
- product according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000005539 carbonized material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 12
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- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- MZLVKHXTXPGXJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-heptadecafluoronon-1-enoxybenzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)=C(F)OC1=CC=CC=C1 MZLVKHXTXPGXJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GQHJPWVWMCOCEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-amino-3-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(N)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C(F)=C1 GQHJPWVWMCOCEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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Abstract
【解決手段】 単位構造中に少なくとも一つ以上のフッ素原子を含むポリイミドを非酸化性雰囲気下で600℃以上の温度で炭化し、窒素吸着法で得られる比表面積が500m2/g 以上である炭素化物又は炭化物の製造方法である。
【選択図】 なし
Description
この第1発明において、前記単位構造中のフッ素原子含有量が6at.%以上であることが好ましい(第2発明)。
この第5発明において、前記単位構造中のフッ素原子含有量が6at.%以上であることが好ましい(第6発明)。
第5発明または第6発明において、炭素化後に酸性化合物で表面処理することが好ましい(第7発明)。
第5発明または第6発明において、炭素化後に酸化雰囲気下で賦活することが好ましい(第8発明)。
第5発明〜第8発明のいずれかにおいて、ポリアミド酸溶液或いはポリアミド酸粉末をイミド化した後に成膜し、その後炭素化することが好ましい。また、このイミド化は加熱によるものが好ましい。
単位構造中に少なくとも一つ以上のフッ素原子を含むポリイミドは、酸成分とジアミン成分との重縮合により得ることができる。前記酸成分及び前記ジアミン成分のいずれか一方又は両方に、一つ以上のフッ素原子を含む。
前記ジアミン成分は上記の各芳香族ジアミンを2種以上組み合わせて使用してもよい。
好ましいジアミン成分及び酸成分の組み合わせは、ジアミンとしては、2,2−ビス(4−アミノフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパンおよび2,2’−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)−ベンジジン、酸成分としては、4,4−ヘキサフルオロイソプロピリデンジフタル酸無水物(6FDA)の組み合わせである。
以上の構成によって、窒素吸着法で得られる比表面積が500m2/g 以上、より好ましくは600m2/g 以上であって、より均一な細孔径を有する炭素化物が得られる。
なお、炭素化物およびその製造方法は実施例の内容によって制限されるものではない。
(1)比表面積
炭素化物を200℃以上の温度で2時間真空脱気した後、77Kでの窒素吸着量を容量法にて測定した。吸着量をBET解析により、比表面積を算出した。
(2)水蒸気吸着量
炭素化物を200℃以上の温度で2時間真空脱気した後、298Kでの水蒸気吸着量を容量法にて測定した。相対圧0.95の吸着量を水蒸気飽和吸着量とした。
酸成分としてBPDAを、ジアミン成分として2,2’−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)−ベンジジンを用いた。
NMPにジアミンに溶解し,等量の酸を徐々に加え、室温、24時間、重合を行ってポリイミド前駆体を得た。
得られたポリイミド前駆体溶液をガラス板上に250μmになるように成膜し、100℃-2時間の加熱処理により溶媒を除去し、ポリイミド前駆体膜を得た。
得られたポリイミド前駆体膜を200℃−5時間熱イミド化を行い、ポリイミド膜を得た。得られたポリイミド膜を黒鉛板に挟み、昇温速度150℃/時間で600℃まで窒素気流中で昇温し、1時間保持した。ポリイミド中のフッ素含有量と,得られた炭素化物の比表面積と水蒸気吸着量を表1に示す。
酸成分としてPMDAと、ジアミン成分として2,2’−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)−ベンジジンを用いて実施例1と同様の手法により炭素化物を得た。
酸成分として6FDAを、ジアミン成分として2,2’−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)−ベンジジンを用い、実施例1と同様の手法により炭素化物を得た。
実施例3のポリイミド前駆体溶液を蒸留水中に滴下し、固化した溶液を粉砕及び乾燥しポリイミド前駆体固体を得た。得られたポリイミド前駆体固体を窒素気流中で200℃−5時間熱イミド化し、ポリイミド固体を得た。得られたポリイミド固体をジメチルアセトアミドに30重量%になるように溶解し、ガラス板上に膜厚250μmに成膜した。大気中で350℃まで昇温し、350℃で1時間保持しポリイミド膜を得た。得られたポリイミド膜を実施例1と同様に炭素化し、比表面積と水蒸気吸着量を測定した。
実施例4で得られた炭素化物を硝酸中で3時間120℃で熱処理した。蒸留水で水洗したのち、乾燥した。
実施例4で得られた炭素化物を大気中で400℃、1時間熱処理した。
実施例4で得られたポリイミド膜を減圧下1torr以下で同様の条件で炭化した。
酸成分としてPMDA、ジミアン成分としてODAから成るデュポン社製のKAPTON膜を実施例1と同様に炭素化し、炭素化物を得た。
ジアミン成分にPPD、酸成分にBPDAを用いて実施例1と同様に炭素化物を得た。
Claims (10)
- 単位構造中に少なくとも一つ以上のフッ素原子を含むポリイミドを、非酸化性雰囲気下又は減圧下133Pa以下で、600℃以上の温度で炭化し、窒素吸着法で得られる比表面積が500m2/g以上である炭素化物。
- 前記単位構造中のフッ素原子含有量が6at.%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の炭素化物。
- 請求項1または2に記載の炭素化物を用いた分子ふるい。
- 請求項1または2に記載の炭素化物を用いた水蒸気吸着材。
- 請求項1または2に記載の炭素化物を用いた燃料電池用触媒担持体。
- 単位構造中に少なくとも一つ以上のフッ素原子を含むポリイミドを、非酸化性雰囲気下又は133Pa以下で、600℃以上の温度で炭化し、窒素吸着法で得られる比表面積が500m2/g以上である炭素化物の製造方法。
- 前記単位構造中のフッ素原子含有量が6at.%以上であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の炭素化物の製造方法。
- 炭素化後に酸性化合物で表面処理することを特徴とする請求項6または7に記載の炭素化物の製造方法。
- 炭素化後に酸化雰囲気下で賦活することを特徴とする請求項6または7に記載の炭素化物の製造方法。
- ポリアミド酸溶液或いはポリアミド酸粉末をイミド化した後に成膜し、その後炭素化することを特徴とする請求項6〜9のいずれかに記載の炭素化物の製造方法。
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