JP2003041257A - Soil-conditioning method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve soil in an acidic state into soil in a neutral state or a basic state thereby to prevent soil contamination, to prevent generation of crop diseases, to suppress generation of harmful insects, and further to promote plant growth. SOLUTION: The method for conditioning soil used for a rice plant comprises a first step (1) for scattering on a paddy field a soil-conditioning material obtained by mixing together a culture solution containing at least a group of microorganisms, wood chips and excretions and cultivating them, a second step (2) for cultivating the paddy field after the first step, a third step (3) for filling the paddy field with water after the second step, and a fourth step (4) for transplanting rice seedlings in the paddy field after the third step.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a soil improvement method used for rice action or field action. Specifically, the present invention relates to a soil improvement method of improving the soil in an acidic state to a soil in a neutral state or a basic state to prevent soil contamination and promote plant growth.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, cheap and easy-to-use chemical fertilizers have been used as fertilizers for agricultural fields such as fields.
In addition, insecticides and pesticides have been sprayed in order to control harmful insects that occur in farmland such as fields. These chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and pesticides are widely used because they are easily available, easy to handle, and have little offensive odor. On the other hand, the organic farming method has been reviewed from the viewpoints of environmental protection and environmental improvement in recent years. According to this organic farming method, rice straw fertilizer that ferments rice straw and organic fertilizer that composts livestock dung are used.

[0003]

However, the chemical fertilizer is
Nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium are the main components, of which nitrogen reacts with oxygen to form nitrous acid, which has a carcinogenic risk. Crop absorbs this nitrite from the soil, and humans eat the crop. Therefore, nitrite is absorbed and accumulated in the body. Moreover, the nitrous acid remaining in the soil is further converted into nitric acid. This nitric acid is a strong acid and also causes environmental pollution. As a result, the soil gradually changes to an acidic state, and the acidification of the soil also changes the ecosystem. Due to changes in ecosystem, water distribution is caused by plant distribution, abnormal occurrence of pests, and reaction with chemical substances.

On the other hand, since the organic fertilizer uses livestock dung, spoiled rice straw, etc., it produces a bad odor. In addition, the crops produced in the fields using the rotten rice straw have problems that they are easily affected by diseases and pests are easily generated. This is because rice straw is fermented in an anaerobic state, so that digestive bacteria which are anaerobic spoilage bacteria increase. On the other hand, in order to ferment rice straw in an aerobic state, it is necessary to stir the rice straw and give the rice straw an appropriate air permeability, but the stirring work is relatively difficult.

Furthermore, in recent years, the problem of acid rain has arisen, the soil is oxidized, and soil pollution becomes a more serious problem.

Therefore, the present invention aims to solve the problems of the prior art. Specifically, improve the soil in acid state to soil in neutral or basic state to prevent soil pollution, and prevent crop diseases from occurring with it, and pest outbreak. And the promotion of plant growth.

[0007]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a soil improving material obtained by mixing and culturing a culture solution containing at least a microbial group, a wood chip, and manure. , The first step of spraying on the fields, and after the first step,
A rice action comprising a second step of cultivating the rice field, a third step of filling the rice field with water after the second step, and a fourth step of planting rice in the rice field after the third step. A soil improvement method for use in.

As a result, the soil in an acidic state can be improved into a soil in a neutral state or a basic state, and soil contamination can be prevented. In addition, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of diseases of crops and suppress the occurrence of harmful insects. It can also promote the growth of plants.

As the microorganisms used in the present invention, known amphoteric bacteria-fermenting microorganisms, aerobic fermentation microorganisms and anaerobic fermentation microorganisms can be used.

Methanoba, a group of amphoteric-fermenting microorganisms
cterium, Methanobacillus, M
ethanococcus, Methanosarci
Bacteria of the genera such as na can be used. In addition to bacteria, actinomycetes, filamentous fungi, yeast, algae and cyanobacteria,
Decomposing bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus, Azotobacter, Amyobacter, and fermenting bacteria can also be used. Two or more kinds of these fungi may be used. However, it is not limited to these.

Further, it is preferable that the culture medium contains chitin or chitosan. Usually, after the tree is crushed and dried, the torn part of the wood part hardens and becomes a toothpick, so that the sharp part pierces the boots and pierces the soles of human feet, causing injury. Was becoming. Therefore, when the wood part obtained by crushing a tree is immersed in a culture solution of a microorganism group containing chitin and chitosan,
It is possible to prevent the wood part from being relatively hardened even when dried. This is because the decomposing bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus, etc. seek chitosan, and when it penetrates into the chip and eats chitosan, it decomposes cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose, which are corrosion inhibitors of trees, This is due to the secretion of proteolytic enzymes and amylolytic enzymes. This type of bacterium is an aerobic microorganism, but has a mechanism that it can live deep inside the chip.

Wood chips are crushed trees. The tree may be a tree used for lumber, but from the viewpoint of reuse, it is preferable to be a felled tree, wood for disposal, or wood chips to be discarded at a sawmill or the like. This is because it is possible to effectively utilize the wood resources. Moreover, the production cost of the soil conditioner can be kept low by using the waste wood.

The culturing step is preferably a complex fermentation method, but known culturing methods such as a single fermentation method, a re-fermentation method and a parallel re-fermentation method can be used. A method for treating manure using the combined fermentation method is described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-299793. The culture is not limited to this method, and a known fermentation method can be used.

Further, by spraying the soil conditioner on the rice field, the rice straw debris remaining in the rice field is mixed with the culture solution containing the microbial group, thereby further promoting fermentation and composting. As a result, rice straw debris will act as a good soil conditioner.

In the soil improvement method according to the present invention, it is preferable that a culture solution containing at least a microorganism group is sprayed on the rice field.

As a result, the soil can be improved more effectively to the neutral state and further to the basic state.

Pests such as scarab beetles, hoopworms, and armyworms that live in rice fields prefer acidic soils and lay eggs on the acidic soils to hatch. However, by neutralizing the soil, most of the eggs do not hatch and die, even if they are laid. Therefore, by spraying the culture solution after the first step, the soil can be improved to neutrality and further to basicity, so that the reproduction of pests that inhabit the rice field can be extremely effectively suppressed. .

Here, the culture solution to be used may be sprayed on the rice field between the first step and the third step, but in the third step, the culture solution is added to the rice field. It is preferable to spray it. In addition, the microorganism group used is
The microbial group used in the first step is not limited to the same one, and may be different one.

The soil improving method according to the present invention comprises, after the fourth step, a fifth step of spraying a culture solution containing at least a microbial group or the soil improving agent on the rice field. Is preferred.

A blast disease is a disease of crops. Causes of blast disease include root rot and soil aside. The armpit starts its business when organic matter in the soil decomposes and methane gas etc. is generated, and the rice absorbs it. Therefore, after the rice planting in the fourth step, by spraying the culture solution, the organic matter in the soil is decomposed and aged, whereby the occurrence of diseases such as blast disease in crops can be prevented.

Furthermore, since the organic matter in the soil can be completely decomposed by spraying the culture solution after cutting the rice, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of diseases such as blast disease in crops.

The present invention comprises a first step and a first step in which a soil improving material obtained by mixing and culturing a culture solution containing at least a microbial group, wood chips and manure is applied to a field. The present invention relates to a soil improvement method used for upland action, which comprises a second step of cultivating the field, and a third step of planting seeds and seedlings of the field after the second step.

As a result, the soil in the field can be improved, and root-knot disease and the like can be suppressed.

As described above, the method for improving soil according to the present invention is to improve the soil in an acidic state to a soil in a neutral state or a basic state to prevent soil pollution, and to prevent crop diseases. It has a technical significance that it can prevent the occurrence of insects, suppress the occurrence of harmful insects, and promote the growth of plants.

[0025]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a soil improvement method for rice action. FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a soil improvement method of upland action. However, the soil improvement method according to the present invention is not limited to this.

The microbial group used in the soil improvement method of the present invention comprises chitosan obtained by crushing crab Kora,
Corn starch and crushed corn starch-containing ones were mixed, and fungi containing decomposing bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus, Azotobacter, Amyobacter, fermenting bacteria, and photosynthetic bacteria were used.

The wood chips have a thickness of 1 to 5 mm and a width of 5 to 2
Those having a length of 0 mm and a length of 10 to 50 mm were used. Wood chips are traditionally used for felled wood, waste wood, etc.
The organic waste, which was difficult to treat, was crushed to produce wood chips. It is preferable that the wood chips are thinly cut into a ring shape or a corrugated shape, but crushed into small pieces, granular pieces such as wood chips, and the like can also be used.

As the manure, manure of livestock such as cows, pigs and chickens can be used.

The soil improving material used in the soil improving method of the present invention is obtained by mixing and culturing the above materials. 20 to 3 while adding a culture solution containing the above-mentioned microorganisms and wood chips to a predetermined container and appropriately stirring
Culturing is performed for about 2 weeks in a room where light does not enter under conditions of 0 ° C and humidity of 50 to 80%. The culture solution and the wood chips are
Incubate at a weight ratio of approximately 1: 1. By using the cultured cultured wood chips as a substitute for bedding straw of cows and pigs for about 3 months, a soil improving material for mixing cow and pig manure and the cultured wood chips was obtained. Manufacture of soil conditioner
The method is not limited to this.

<Root rot improvement test 1> On July 4, 2000, was the root rot state improved by spraying the culture solution on the organic farming paddy fields that had root rot disease? A test of whether or not was performed.

Rice, which has begun to rot root, is planted in the paddy field. 0.2 liter of the culture solution was sprayed on 100 m ² of the paddy field for the test.

Four days later, the rice that had started to rot began to stand out.

After 7 days, it was confirmed that new roots had grown in the rice roots that had started to rot.

As a result, it was possible to improve the rice that had begun to root rot.

<Root Rot Disease Improvement Test 2> Similarly, the rice root rot disease is taken out in a predetermined container filled with a diluted culture solution and immersed for 1 week, whereby root rot disease is caused. A test was performed to see if the condition was improved.

The culture solution diluted 100-fold was placed in a container.
Meet Rice cultivated with root rot was immersed in this container for cultivation.

After 7 days, it was confirmed that new roots were growing on the roots of rice root rot disease.

As a result, the root rot state was improved.

[0039]

Example 1 Example 1 shows a soil improvement method for rice action. FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a soil improvement method for rice action.

In the first step (1), the soil conditioner is sprayed on the rice field. Soil conditioner, culture solution is 1 anti (991.7m
² ) Shows the amount sprayed.

As the soil improving material and the culture solution, those mentioned above are used.

120 kg of the soil conditioner is evenly distributed so as to spread over the entire rice field.

In the second step (2), the rice fields are cultivated.

The soil improving material sprayed in the first step and the soil of the paddy field are cultivated by using a tiller so that the soil and the soil improving material are uniformly mixed. After plowing, leave it for about 2 weeks. Thereby, the acidified soil can be improved to neutral or basic.

In the third step (3), the rice field is filled with water.

In order to put water in the paddy field, water is put in the paddy field after scraping. The amount of water to enter the rice field at this time is
Adjust appropriately if desired.

In the fourth step (4), the culture solution is sprayed on the rice fields.

After filling the rice field with water by the third step,
Partition the water to prevent it from flowing into the irrigation canal, and then sprinkle 1 liter of the culture solution on the fields. About 1 week after spraying,
put.

In the fifth step (5), rice planting is performed.

In the sixth step (6), the soil conditioner is sprayed.

After about two months have passed since the rice was planted, 45 kg of the soil conditioner was sprayed. This amount of spraying may be changed as desired. Furthermore, it is preferable to spray 30 kg of the soil improving agent again about one month before harvesting rice. By adding a soil conditioner before the ear of rice grows, the growth of rice can be promoted and the composition of rice can be changed. Furthermore,
Spray 1 liter of culture solution.

By spraying a soil conditioner or a culture solution after planting rice and before harvesting rice, prevention of blast disease,
The initial blast disease can be improved.

In the seventh step (7), rice harvesting is performed.

In the eighth step (8), a soil conditioner is sprayed.

By harvesting rice with a combine, rice straw is simultaneously crushed to about 10 to 20 cm. This rice straw and the soil improving material are mixed, and by the microbial group contained in the soil improving material, and the microbial group in the soil,
Rice straw is decomposed into nutrients for soil. It is preferable to plow the rice field after spraying the soil conditioner.

Further, by spraying the soil conditioner on the rice field, the acidified soil can be improved to neutral and basic,
Along with this, it is possible to prevent the eggs of pests from being laid, and even when the eggs of pests are laid, the soil is neutralized, so the eggs do not hatch, and even if they hatch, they grow. It will die without doing so, and the generation of pests can be suppressed extremely efficiently.

Through the above steps, it was possible to prevent the soil from being contaminated by improving the acidic soil into the neutral or basic soil. In addition, along with this, it was possible to prevent the occurrence of diseases in crops and suppress the occurrence of pests. Furthermore, it was possible to promote the growth of plants.

<Taste evaluation> The rice obtained by the soil improvement method has the components shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the diagnostic results.

[0059]

[Table 1]

The taste evaluation was performed from the viewpoint of setting a target value and achieving the target value.

From the results shown in Table 1, the target value could be achieved by the soil improvement method according to the present invention. This is because, for example, photosynthetic bacteria secrete glucose and are absorbed by crops, resulting in sweetening.

Therefore, the rice obtained by the method for improving soil according to the present invention has an extremely improved taste and a delicious crop can be obtained.

[0063]

Example 2 Example 2 shows a soil improvement method for rice action. Since the second embodiment has substantially the same steps as the first embodiment, the drawings showing the steps are omitted.

As the soil conditioner and the culture solution, those used in Example 1 are used. Soil conditioner and culture solution show the amount of spray per 1 piece.

First, 700 kg of the kneaded material of the soil conditioner and red soil is evenly sprayed in advance on the rice field.

Since the soil used in the rice field flows out together with rainwater and the like, soil is put in the rice field. A soil improving material is added to this soil in advance and cultivated. This step is preferably performed every 5 years. This is because if the soil conditioner is sprayed every 5 years, it is possible to prevent the neutralized or basicized soil from changing to acidic soil. Moreover, if the soil improving material is sprayed in a cycle of about 5 years, it is possible to prevent the once-dead pests from becoming parasitic on the soil again.

In the first step, 75 kg of the soil conditioner is sprayed on the rice field.

The second step is to plow the rice fields.

In the third step, the rice field is filled with water.

In the fourth step, 1 liter of the culture solution is sprayed on the rice field.

In the fifth step, rice planting is performed.

The sixth step is to add the soil improving material and the culture solution to
Disperse.

After about 2 months from rice planting, the culture solution 1
Disperse 1 liter and 30 kg of soil conditioner. This amount of spraying may be changed as desired. Furthermore, we harvest rice 1
1 liter of culture solution and 30 k of soil conditioner again before the month
It is preferable to sprinkle g.

The seventh step is rice harvesting.

As a result, the soil can be constantly improved to a neutral state or a basic state.

[0076]

[Example 3] Example 3 shows a soil improvement method of upland action. FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a soil improvement method of upland action.

First, 200 kg of the kneaded material of the soil conditioner and the red soil is evenly spread over the field in advance so as to be distributed over the whole area. Soil conditioner and culture solution show the amount of spray per 1 piece. As the soil improving material and the culture solution, those mentioned above are used.

Since the soil used in the field flows out together with rainwater and the like, soil is put in the field, and a soil improving agent is added to this soil in advance and cultivated. This step is preferably performed every 3 years.

In the first step (11), the soil conditioner is sprayed on the field.

150 kg of the soil conditioner is evenly spread over the entire field.

The second step (12) is to plow the field.

The soil improving material sprayed in the first step and the soil of the field are cultivated by using a tractor so that the soil and the soil improving material are uniformly mixed. About 2 weeks after plowing
Leave it alone. Thereby, the acidified soil can be improved to neutral or basic. Moreover, the larva of a pest can be killed.

The third step (13) is to sow seeds. Or plant seedlings.

In the fourth step (14), the culture solution is sprayed on the field.

1 liter of culture solution is sprayed on the field.

It is preferable to spray a culture solution or a soil conditioner as appropriate while observing the growth situation of the agricultural crop. This is because the taste of agricultural products can be changed.

In the fifth step (15), crops are harvested.

In the sixth step (16), the soil improving material is sprayed on the field.

After harvesting the agricultural products, sprinkle the soil conditioner,
By keeping the soil in the neutral state or the basic state, it is possible to extremely effectively suppress the occurrence of pests and the like.

By this method of improving soil by field action, the same effect as rice action could be obtained.

[0091]

As described above, the method for improving soil according to the present invention is to improve the soil in an acidic state to a soil in a neutral state or a basic state to prevent soil from being contaminated, and, in accordance with this, to improve soil quality of crops. Preventing the outbreak of diseases and suppressing the outbreak of pests, further promoting the growth of plants,
The taste of agricultural crops can be improved to be delicious.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a soil improvement method for rice action.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a soil improvement method of upland action.

Front page continuation (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) C05F 15/00 C05G 3/04 C05G 3/04 C12N 1/20 D // C12N 1/20 C05F 3:00 (C05F 15 / 00 11:08 3:00 C09K 101: 00 11:08) B09B 3/00 ZABA C09K 101: 00 F term (reference) 4B065 AA01X BB23 BB26 CA49 CA54 4D004 AA02 AA12 BA10 CA04 CA18 CA19 4D059 AA01 BA00 CC10 DB32 4H026 A08 AA10 AA16 AB04 4H061 AA01 AA02 CC36 DD14 EE64 EE66 GG41 GG48 HH11 HH42 KK01 KK02

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A first step of spraying a soil improving material obtained by mixing and culturing a culture solution containing at least a microorganism group, wood chips, and manure, and after the first step,
A rice action comprising a second step of cultivating the rice field, a third step of filling the rice field with water after the second step, and a fourth step of planting rice in the rice field after the third step. Soil improvement method used for. 2. The method for soil improvement according to claim 1, further comprising a step of spraying a culture solution containing at least a microorganism group on the rice field. 3. A fifth step of, after the fourth step, applying a culture solution containing at least a microorganism group or the soil improving material to the rice field. Item 3. The soil improvement method according to Item 1 or 2. 4. A first step of spraying a soil improving material, which is obtained by mixing and culturing a culture solution containing at least a microorganism group, wood chips, and manure, and after the first step,
A soil improvement method used for upland action, comprising a second step of cultivating the field, and a third step of planting seeds and seedlings of the field after the second step.