CN111943770A - Production method of nematode-killing microbial organic fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a production method of a nematode-killing microbial organic fertilizer, which relates to the technical field of agricultural chemical fertilizers and is an organic fertilizer prepared by taking agricultural wastes, high-fiber substance domestic wastes, landscaping wastes, livestock and poultry excrement, mushroom wastes, humic acid and the like as main raw materials, decomposing under the action of a decomposing microbial inoculum and adding microbial functional bacteria and chelated trace elements for compounding. The bacillus thuringiensis contained in the product obtained by the production method of the nematode-killing microbial organic fertilizer has a good killing effect on female worms and eggs of nematodes, the product can well prevent and kill underground diseases, create a good living environment for plant roots, further increase production and income and improve quality, the product can also enhance the stress resistance of crops, well improve the granular structure of soil, increase the organic matter content of the soil, improve the physicochemical property of the soil, increase the yield by more than 10 percent, and is an excellent fertilizer for producing green organic food.

Description

Production method of nematode-killing microbial organic fertilizer

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizer preparation, in particular to a production method of a nematode-killing microbial organic fertilizer.

Background

With the rapid development of chemical industry, the production and application amount of various fertilizers are continuously increased, which plays an important role in promoting the development of agricultural production and sets up the Huomao mahonia for solving the food problem in China. However, as the application amount of the fertilizer is increased, the application defects are gradually revealed, and the analysis mainly shows the following aspects: 1. high input and low output lead to increased fertilization costs. At present, the utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer in the field of chemical fertilizers in China is only 15% -40%, the utilization rate of phosphatic fertilizer is only 10% -20%, and the utilization rate of potash fertilizer is only 20% -50%. 2. Green and environment-friendly, and causes severe soil hardening. The soil fertility is the root for human survival, and maintaining and improving the soil fertility is also one of the key problems for sustainable development of agriculture. Excessive application of chemical fertilizers can deteriorate the physicochemical properties of soil, block soil pores, destroy the granular structure of the soil, and cause unbalance of soil nutrient elements, hardening, pollution and reduction of fertility. 3. The low quality of crops directly threatens the life safety of human beings. At present, people generally reflect that fruits are not fragrant, melons are not sweet, vegetables are not smelly, flour is not fine, and meat is not fresh, which are caused by unreasonable fertilization.

On the other hand, soil subsurface pests have become an important factor affecting crop yield and quality. The nematode esophageal gland can secrete toxic substances which are various digestive enzymes to induce host tissues to generate various pathological changes, so that plant tissue cells can develop excessively to form giant cells, or the cell glue layer in the cells is dissolved to cause cell division, the cell walls are damaged, and roots and cortex are cavitated and cells die. Most typically, the root-knot nematodes damage giant cells formed after the plants are damaged, so that tumors with different sizes, called 'root knots', can be formed on roots, and also some nematode secretions have strong inhibition effects, so that the roots stop growing, and the plants are inhibited from growing and dwarfed. The chemical action of plant nematode secretions can affect plant cells and tissues, and finally, the plant growth is weakened, the yield is reduced, the quality is deteriorated, and even the plant nematode dies. Some nematodes can spread the virus, increasing and amplifying the incidence of viral diseases, and the harmfulness is considerable. Meanwhile, the nematodes interact with other viruses such as fungi and bacteria to jointly treat diseases, so that compound diseases are caused, and the diseases are aggravated. Therefore, nematodes are closely related to agricultural production and should draw attention and attention.

Elements in soil can generally be recycled and utilized repeatedly, and a typical recycling process includes: firstly, absorbing nutrients from soil by organisms; returning the biological residue to the soil; thirdly, under the action of soil microorganisms, the biological residues are decomposed to release nutrients; fourthly, the nutrient is absorbed again by the organism. Organic nitrogen which accounts for more than 95 percent of the total nitrogen content of the soil can be converted into inorganic nitrogen only through the mineralization of microorganisms. The nitrogen in the soil is lost mainly through leaching, ammonia volatilization and the like. The content of inactive phosphorus in the soil is very large and is not absorbed by plants, the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria are added, and the fixed phosphorus can be converted into phosphorus which can be absorbed and utilized by the plants, so that the utilization rate of the phosphorus is improved, and the production cost is reduced. Most of the potassium-containing primary minerals have strong weather resistance, the weathering action of the potassium-containing minerals is a rather slow process, the contribution of direct conversion into quick-acting potassium (exchangeable potassium + water-soluble potassium) by the weathering action is negligible, but the non-exchangeable potassium can be released by the action of potassium-resolving bacteria to form potassium which can be absorbed and utilized by plants.

The soil organic matter is a main source of soil nutrients, can occasionally promote the formation of a soil structure, improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, improve the fertilizer retention capacity and the buffer performance of the soil, and the contained humus has physiological activity, can promote the growth and development of crops, has a complexing effect and is beneficial to eliminating the pollution of the soil.

The functional bacteria of the biological fertilizer added in the product is a microorganism viable bacteria preparation directly prepared by microorganism solid fermentation, and has the characteristics of fast reproductive capacity, more formed spores, easy survival and strong stress-resistant environment. The product can decompose silicate, aluminosilicate and potassium-containing mineral in other ores, has phosphorus dissolving and potassium releasing functions, and can generate organic acid, amino acid, polysaccharide, hormone, etc. during growth and reproduction to facilitate plant absorption and utilization. The product can also inhibit the growth of other pathogenic bacteria after propagating in soil. Most nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium also become components constituting the cells. The content of potassium in ash of the thallus can reach 33 to 34 percent. After the dead bacteria, the potassium in the bacteria is dissociated and can be absorbed and utilized by plants. As an important functional bacterium in microbial fertilizer, the microbial fertilizer shows various effects of improving the content of quick-acting phosphorus and potassium in soil, improving the yield and quality of crops and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a production method of a nematode-killing microbial organic fertilizer, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a production method of a nematode-killing microbial organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

s1: preparing raw materials;

s2: the method comprises the following steps of (1) putting an organic fertilizer raw material obtained by crushing straws into 0.5-0.8cm by a crusher into a pool A, wherein the water content of the organic fertilizer raw material is 40% -50%, and the weight ratio of the organic fertilizer raw material to the straw is as follows: 2000, adding the rotten microbial inoculum into the straws according to the proportion, uniformly mixing by adopting a step-by-step mixing method, stacking for fermentation, adding water every two days, keeping the water content, stopping adding water when the rotten is finished, keeping the water content at about 30%, turning over once every two days during the rotten period, wherein the rotten period is generally 15-20 days;

s3, putting the livestock manure into a B pool, adding water to keep the water content at 30-50%, adding a decomposing microbial inoculum for decomposing fermentation, and turning and throwing the manure once every two days during the decomposing period, wherein the decomposing period is generally 10-15 days;

s4: a, B mixing the organic decomposed materials in the two pools according to the proportion of 10:1-20:1, adding microorganism functional bacteria and chelated trace elements, adding humic acid, mixing uniformly, and granulating to obtain the final product.

Preferably, the animal manure, the mushroom waste, the humic acid and the like.

Preferably, the decomposed microbial agent in the step S2 is composed of bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus laterosporus, saccharomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus subtilis, and the microbial functional bacteria are microbial live bacteria preparation directly prepared by microbial solid fermentation, mainly composed of phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria, antibiotic bacteria, bacillus thuringiensis and the like.

Preferably, the agricultural wastes are corn straws, wheat straws, rice hulls, grain straws, sweet potato vines, broad bean straws, rape hulls and the like;

the landscaping garbage comprises weeds, leaves and the like;

the livestock manure is chicken manure, cow manure and the like;

the ratio of the organic crop straw raw material to the organic livestock manure raw material is 10:1-20: 1.

Preferably, the microelements used in the chelated microelements are ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, boric acid and the like, and the dosage of the chelated microelements is 0.1% -5%.

Preferably, the fermentation period is 10-15 days, the addition amount of water is 30% -50%, a decomposing microbial inoculum is added at the beginning of decomposition, a microorganism functional bacterium is added when the decomposition is finished and the mixture is mixed, and chelated trace elements and humic acid are added before granulation.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts original ecological materials, is produced by modern biotechnology, has the function of killing nematodes and nematode eggs, can well prevent and treat underground diseases and insect pests, has the functions of phosphate-dissolving and potassium-dissolving, can change the fixed state phosphorus and potassium in soil into the phosphorus and potassium which can be absorbed by crops, reduces the application amount of the fertilizer, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, has the function of inhibiting the growth of biological pathogenic bacteria, can make the attachment, breeding and infection of the pathogenic bacteria more difficult besides the function of inhibiting the growth of the biological pathogenic bacteria, contains a large amount of organic matters and nutrient components, can obviously improve the physicochemical property of the soil, enhances the fertility of the soil, can realize complementation with the fertilizer in terms of fertilizer efficiency by scientifically adding proper chelated state trace elements, obviously improve the nutrient deficiency symptom of soil and obviously reduce the diseases of crops caused by the deficiency of trace elements. The product can obviously improve the yield and the quality of crops, and the raw materials show that the invention is ecological, environment-friendly, pollution-free and residue-free, and is a green organic product.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

A production method of a nematode-killing microbial organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

s1: preparing raw materials;

the raw materials are agricultural wastes, high-fiber substance domestic wastes, landscaping wastes, livestock and poultry manure, mushroom wastes, humic acid and the like;

the agricultural wastes are corn stalks, wheat straws, rice hulls, rice straws, sweet potato vines, silkworm beanstalks, rape shells and the like;

the landscaping garbage comprises weeds, leaves and the like;

the livestock manure is chicken manure, cow manure and the like;

the ratio of the organic crop straw raw material to the organic livestock manure raw material is 10:1-20: 1;

s2: the method comprises the following steps of (1) putting an organic fertilizer raw material obtained by crushing straws into 0.5-0.8cm by a crusher into a pool A, wherein the water content of the organic fertilizer raw material is 40% -50%, and the weight ratio of the organic fertilizer raw material to the straw is as follows: 2000, adding the rotten microbial inoculum into the straws according to the proportion, uniformly mixing by adopting a step-by-step mixing method, stacking for fermentation, adding water every two days, keeping the water content, stopping adding water when the rotten is finished, keeping the water content at about 30%, turning over once every two days during the rotten period, wherein the rotten period is generally 15-20 days;

the decomposed microbial inoculum is composed of bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus laterosporus, microzyme, photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus subtilis, and the microorganism functional bacteria are microorganism live bacteria preparations which are directly prepared by microorganism solid fermentation and mainly comprise phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria, antibiotic bacteria, bacillus thuringiensis and the like;

s3, putting the livestock manure into a B pool, adding water to keep the water content at 30-50%, adding a decomposing microbial inoculum for decomposing fermentation, and turning and throwing the manure once every two days during the decomposing period, wherein the decomposing period is generally 10-15 days;

s4: a, B mixing the organic rotten raw materials in the two pools according to the proportion of 10:1-20:1, adding microorganism functional bacteria and chelated trace elements, adding humic acid, mixing uniformly, and granulating to obtain a finished product;

the trace elements used in the chelated trace elements are ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, boric acid and the like, and the dosage of the chelated trace elements is 0.1-5%.

Specifically, the crushed or cut natural waste materials are stacked according to a composting groove (A pool) with the height of 1.5-1.7m and the width of 10m, water is uniformly added to wet and permeate the materials, the water content is kept between 40% and 50%, a step-by-step mixing method is adopted (the microbial inoculum is uniformly mixed with corn flour, bran, unite bran and the like according to the proportion of 1:10, then the mixture is uniformly scattered on the straw compost and is uniformly mixed), the rotten microbial inoculum is added according to the proportion of 1:2000, the mixture is uniformly mixed, fermentation is started, water is supplemented once every two days and turning and is thrown, and rotten can be finished after 15-20 days. Putting the livestock manure into a B pool, adding water to keep the water content at 30% -50%, adding a decomposing microbial inoculum for decomposing fermentation, and turning over once every two days during the decomposing period, wherein the decomposing can be completed within 10-15 days;

taking 100kg of the product as an example, taking 75kg of decomposed organic raw material in a pool A and 5kg of decomposed organic raw material in a pool B, adding 1L of microbial functional bacteria liquid, stirring and mixing uniformly, then adding 0.5kg of chelated iron, 0.2kg of chelated copper, 0.3kg of chelated zinc and 0.5kg of chelated boron, mixing uniformly, then adding 17.5kg of humic acid, and performing granulation treatment after turning and polishing to obtain the product;

according to the harm degree of soil nematodes in various places, the addition amount of the microbial functional bacteria liquid is changed, and the nematode-killing microbial organic fertilizer conforming to the reality is produced;

according to the actual production conditions of various regions and the difference of various crops, the proportion of the chelated trace elements is changed, and products meeting the requirements of the crops of the various regions are produced;

according to the requirements of fertilizer production and actual requirements, the proportion of the plant waste decomposed raw material and the livestock manure decomposed raw material is changed, and products meeting the requirements of both parties are produced.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. The production method of the nematode-killing microbial organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: preparing raw materials;

s2: the method comprises the following steps of (1) putting an organic fertilizer raw material obtained by crushing straws into 0.5-0.8cm by a crusher into a pool A, wherein the water content of the organic fertilizer raw material is 40% -50%, and the weight ratio of the organic fertilizer raw material to the straw is as follows: 2000, adding the rotten microbial inoculum into the straws according to the proportion, uniformly mixing by adopting a step-by-step mixing method, stacking for fermentation, adding water every two days, keeping the water content, stopping adding water when the rotten is finished, keeping the water content at about 30%, turning over once every two days during the rotten period, wherein the rotten period is generally 15-20 days;

s3, putting the livestock manure into a B pool, adding water to keep the water content at 30-50%, adding a decomposing microbial inoculum for decomposing fermentation, and turning and throwing the manure once every two days during the decomposing period, wherein the decomposing period is generally 10-15 days;

s4: a, B mixing the organic decomposed materials in the two pools according to the proportion of 10:1-20:1, adding microorganism functional bacteria and chelated trace elements, adding humic acid, mixing uniformly, and granulating to obtain the final product.

2. The method for producing the nematicidal microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the raw materials include agricultural wastes, high-fiber domestic wastes, landscaping wastes, livestock and poultry manure, mushroom wastes, humic acid and the like.

3. The method for producing the nematicidal microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the decomposed microbial agent in the step S2 is composed of bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus laterosporus, saccharomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus subtilis, and the microbial functional bacteria are microbial live bacteria preparation directly prepared by microbial solid fermentation and mainly composed of phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria, antibiotic bacteria, bacillus thuringiensis and the like.

4. The method for producing the nematicidal microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the agricultural wastes are corn straws, wheat straws, rice hulls, rice straws, sweet potato vines, silkworm beanstalks, rape hulls and the like;

the landscaping garbage comprises weeds, leaves and the like;

the livestock manure is chicken manure, cow manure and the like;

the ratio of the organic crop straw raw material to the organic livestock manure raw material is 10:1-20: 1.

5. The method for producing the nematicidal microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the microelements used in the chelated microelements are ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, boric acid and the like, and the dosage of the chelated microelements is 0.1% -5%.