JP2002068879A - Intermediate fermentation product of organic waste, fertilizer using the same and soil conditioner as well as soil conditioning method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an intermediate fermentation product of organic wastes which is usable as a fertilizer, soil conditioner, etc., is excellent in preservable property and is light in weight. SOLUTION: The intermediate fermentation product, which suppresses the activity of soil microorganisms, such as mold and bacteria, and is made lighter in weight by mixing bran mainly containing aleurone layer cells of starch-like seeds and the albumen parts of the lower layers thereof with the organic wastes, regulating the moisture content of the organic wastes at need, depositing the same and subjecting the organic wastes to fermentation treatment, then drying the treated matter, is provided.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an intermediate fermented product obtained by microbial fermentation of an organic waste such as a piece of wood, pruned leaves and leaves, straw waste, cutting grass, vegetables, or garbage. The present invention relates to a fertilizer, a soil conditioner, and a soil conditioner method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Hitherto, organic waste has been decomposed by microbial fermentation, and the fermented product has been used as a fertilizer, a soil conditioner, or the like. For the microbial fermentation of the organic waste, for example, waste floor sawdust for mushroom cultivation described in JP-A-7-215787,
-103285, a waste medium for mushroom cultivation containing coffee scum described in JP-B-103285, and further obtained by adding a fermenting agent such as microorganisms to cedar sawdust, activated carbon or charcoal, white sand, coffee extract residue of coffee beans and the like. Are known. Furthermore, it is also known to use rice bran in combination with the fermenting agent as a nutrient source of microorganisms.

[0003] Even if the above-mentioned fermenting agent is not used, the organic waste is fermented and decomposed to ripen even if it is left as it is, but an extremely long time is required. Further, the conventional fermenting agent as described above is obtained by adding microorganisms to a waste medium or a carrier such as sawdust, and when only a nutrient source such as rice bran is used without adding microorganisms as a fermenting agent, organic waste is discharged. The fermentation process requires long-term deposition. Also,
Conventionally, bran produced in the process of processing into rice soup or unwashed rice has been sowed in fields or plowed into soil for use as fertilizer. However, it was only to obtain the fertilizer effect of the used bran itself.

[0004]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for fermenting organic waste in a very short period of time without adding a microorganism as a fermenting agent. It is an object of the present invention to provide an intermediate fermentation product of organic waste, which can be effectively used as an agent, a fertilizer, a soil conditioner and a soil conditioner using the same.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, and as a result, it has been found that bran in starchy seeds such as rice and wheat containing a specific component is a fermenting agent. Microorganism fermentation of organic waste can be promoted without the particular addition of microorganisms, and the organic waste can be fermented in a short period of time. The present inventors have found that the present invention can be effectively used as a soil conditioner and the like, and have completed the present invention. That is, unlike ordinary bran, the bran containing mainly the aleurone layer cells of the starchy seeds and the endosperm under the cells, has an extremely high effect on organic matter in promoting the activation and growth of soil microorganisms such as molds and fungi. Demonstrate. Thus, by applying its effects to organic waste, excellent organic fertilizers and soil conditioners are produced in a short period of time.

[0006] By the way, the time when the organic waste as a raw material of the above-mentioned fermentation product is generated does not always coincide with the time when the fermentation product is in demand as a fertilizer or a soil conditioner. It is not preferable to leave this as it is, but it is preferable that it be immediately fermented and prepared and stored in case of need. However, as described above, the preferable water content at the time of fermentation treatment of organic waste is generally 60 to 65%, and by maintaining the organic waste at such a water content, a short period of time can be obtained as described above. Fermentation treatment is possible. However, fermentation proceeds to some extent, and soil microorganisms such as mold and fungi are activated to become intermediate fermented products.If they are stored as they are without using them, fermentation will proceed and become ripe. Therefore, it is not possible to produce and store an intermediate fermented product with the water content as described above. When laying, burying, or spraying this intermediate fermented product in a field or the like as a fertilizer or soil improver, the treated product that has been fermented as described above has a water content of 60 to 65.
It is very heavy because there is also a percentage. However, when this fermented product is used as a fertilizer or soil conditioner, it may be used several tons at a time depending on the size of the soil. In particular, in the case of mountainous areas, transportation is difficult, and transportation costs are high. Therefore, in the present invention, the activity of soil microorganisms such as molds and fungi is suppressed by reducing the water content of the treated product after the fermentation treatment, and the progress of further fermentation is suppressed to provide a long-term intermediate fermentation product. While preservation is possible, the growth of soil microorganisms such as mold and fungi progresses, and the fermented product in the form of a mass is dried to reduce the moisture content to reduce the weight, storage, transportation, and further to the soil. This makes it possible to reduce labor and cost of laying, burying, spraying, and other operations.

That is, the intermediate fermentation product of the organic waste according to the present invention is obtained by mixing the organic waste with the aleurone layer cells in starchy seeds such as rice and wheat and the bran mainly containing the endosperm part in the lower layer. After the treatment, it is dried. The intermediate fermented product of the present invention obtained by fermenting organic waste by adding the above-mentioned predetermined bran of the present invention can be effectively used as an organic fertilizer, a soil conditioner, and the like.

[0008] The intermediate fermentation product of the organic waste according to the present invention as described above can be used to remove the above-mentioned bran into organic waste such as timber chips, pruned leaves and debris, straw, turf, mowing grass, vegetables, and garbage. Is mixed, and the water content is adjusted as necessary, and only by depositing, the fermentation treatment of the organic waste is fermented and decomposed and the growth of soil microorganisms such as mold and fungi progresses to form a mass. It can be obtained, and by drying it, it suppresses the activity of soil microorganisms such as mold and fungi, suppresses further fermentation, enables long-term storage, and saves and transports by reducing the weight. In addition, labor and cost for laying on soil and the like can be reduced. This intermediate fermentation product, for example, crushes or cuts organic waste to about several centimeters, mixes this with the aleurone layer cells and bran mainly containing the endosperm part of the lower layer, and preferably has a water content of 60%. ~
The organic waste is fermented and decomposed to obtain a lump-like processed product after adjusting the water content as necessary so as to have a water content of 65%, and this is subjected to natural drying or forced drying using a dryer to obtain a water content of, for example, By drying to 20% or less, the activity of soil microorganisms such as molds and fungi can be suppressed to suppress further fermentation and reduce the weight of the processed material.

Further, if the above-mentioned fermentation treatment product is formed into a desired shape before drying, handling during storage and transportation becomes easy, and work such as laying or burying in soil becomes easy. . Furthermore, if the volume is reduced by compression during molding, it is possible to further streamline operations and costs such as storage and transportation.

The intermediate fermented product of the organic waste of the present invention as described above is laid, buried, sprayed, or the like as fertilizer or soil amendment on soil such as a field, and then irrigated as necessary to contain water. The soil can be improved by increasing the rate and reactivating soil microorganisms such as mold and fungi. Incidentally, after laying in the soil, if there is rainfall or the like, irrigation is not necessarily required, but in order to reliably activate soil microorganisms such as molds and fungi whose activity is suppressed by drying. It is preferable to perform irrigation.

[0011]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present invention, starch-based seed bran such as rice and wheat is used as a fermenting agent for fermenting organic waste. The bran used in the present invention mainly contains the aleurone layer cells and the endosperm under the aleurone layer cells among the starchy seed brans. Conventionally, it has been known that, for example, rice bran is added to a fermentation accelerator as a nutrient source of microorganisms in fermentation treatment of organic waste. However, ordinary rice bran is generated as a by-product in the rice polishing process of milling brown rice to a yield of about 90% to obtain white rice, and contains a large amount of cellulosic material. On the other hand, the bran used in the present invention is a starch-rich bran mainly containing the aleurone layer cells and the endosperm thereunder. This bran is a final step in the milling step or a step close to the final step, for example, milled bran or brown rice generated in a milling chamber in a final step of a flow milling step in which a plurality of milling chambers are arranged in series. Bran generated in the subsequent polishing step of further polishing the polished rice, or bran generated in the step of washing the polished rice during rice cooking or the step of processing into unwashed rice that can be cooked without washing during cooking. The aleurone layer cell is a cell tissue consisting of one or more layers covering the endosperm in starchy seeds such as rice and wheat, and the bran containing the aleurone layer cell and the endosperm portion under the aleuron layer cell is usually milled. Unlike bran generated in the process, it is low in cellulosic and rich in starch.

The bran containing mainly the aleurone layer cells and the endosperm underneath the aleurone layer cells used in the present invention can be obtained from rice bran flour generated from a milling room or a rice mill in a step closer to the terminal step in the flow milling step as described above, If it occurs in a normal rice washing step or a non-washing rice processing step, broth or bran flour can be used as it is, but the bran flour can be granulated into granules of about several mm, or concentrated tofu soup. It may be used in any form, such as a dried product and a product obtained by granulating the dried product into a granule of about several mm.

[0013] The bran rich in starch, including the aleurone layer cells and the endosperm below the aleuron layer cells, is mixed with organic waste, and the moisture is appropriately adjusted and deposited to deposit organic matter. It can be fermented and decomposed in a short time. Further, the intermediate fermented product of the present invention during fermentation by adding the bran,
It can be effectively used as a fertilizer or a soil conditioner. This intermediate fermentation product is obtained by crushing or cutting a piece of wood (A), a piece of pruned leaves and leaves, straw, turf, mowing grass, a residue at the time of harvesting vegetables, or garbage to a size of several cm,
(B) The starch-rich bran containing the aleurone layer cells and the lower endosperm part thereof is mixed so that the weight ratio of (A) to (B) is about 5: 1 to 10: 1, and Rate 6
It can be obtained by adjusting it to about 0 to 65%, stacking it on a height of about 20 to 70 cm, and leaving it for about 3 to 20 days for fermentation. For example, the mixture is made of plastic having a capacity of about 30 liters. What is necessary is just to put it in a container etc. and leave it. As a result, the organic waste is fermented and decomposed, and the growth of soil microorganisms such as mold and fungi progresses, whereby a bulk fermentation product can be obtained.

Depending on the water content of the organic waste and bran used, it may not be necessary to adjust the water content of the mixture. For example, when the waste is a residue or garbage at the time of harvesting vegetables, the fermentation treatment is performed by adding the predetermined bran of the present invention and leaving the rice bran without adjusting the water content because the water content itself is high. You can get things. In addition, the leaving time required for the treatment varies depending on the temperature, humidity, and the like. Note that during this standing period, it is not necessary to perform a reversing operation indispensable for normal composting, and a fermented product can be produced extremely easily. It is also possible to mix the fermentation product with other fertilizer components such as ammonium sulfate, lime, etc., in which case, the organic waste of (A) and the bran of (B) are mixed. When adjusting the water content, the other fertilizer components may be mixed.

Next, in the present invention, by treating the organic fermentation product obtained by fermenting the organic waste as described above and drying it, the activity of soil microorganisms such as mold and fungi contained in the fermentation product is obtained. To suppress the progress of further fermentation of the fermentation treatment product, and to reduce the weight by reducing the water content. This drying treatment may be natural drying or forced drying using a dryer. As a dryer to use,
A general-purpose dryer may be used, for example, a ventilation dryer can be used. In this drying treatment, it is preferable to dry the fermentation product until the moisture content becomes 20% or less. As described above, the preferable water content during the fermentation treatment of the organic waste is about 60 to 65%, which is
%, The weight of the fermented product can be significantly reduced, the cost for storage and transportation can be reduced, and at the same time the labor for laying, burying, and spraying on the soil can be reduced. Can be reduced.

The intermediate fermented product of the present invention obtained as described above may be crushed at the time of use and laid on soil, etc., but may be formed into a desired shape in advance. it can. For example, it may be formed in a tile shape of about 30 × 30 × 10 (cm) and laid on the soil, or may be formed into a rod shape and cast or buried in the soil. Furthermore, by compressing and molding at the time of molding, the volume can be reduced and the strength of the molded article can be increased, and handling during storage, transportation, laying or burying in soil becomes easier.

The intermediate fermented product of the present invention obtained as described above can be effectively used as a fertilizer, a soil conditioner and the like. For example, if the intermediate fermented product is used as a mulching material by spreading it to a thickness of about 10 to 15 cm on the soil at the base of a field or a tree, the intermediate fermented product may grow as a mold or fungi and grow into a lump. Because of this, it changes into humus in a short time in close contact with the soil underneath. The intermediate fermented material laid or buried in the soil in this way activates soil microorganisms such as molds and fungi by increasing the water content by irrigating the intermediate fermented product. In this way, the intermediate fermented product of the present invention in which soil microorganisms such as mold and fungi are reactivated has a high humus rate as described above. It has good adhesiveness and also good adhesion to the soil, and the intermediate fermentation material firmly fixes the soil, thus protecting the soil from erosion by rain and wind, and has a high effect of preventing soil erosion in upland fields, especially on sloping lands. In addition, the intermediate fermented material spread on the soil becomes a feed for soil microorganisms in the process of becoming humus, promotes activation and growth of microorganisms, improves physical properties of soil, increases soil porosity, and increases air permeability. By improving water retention and water retention, irrigation and rainwater retention functions are also improved. Further, the improvement of the physical properties of the soil as described above is also effective in preventing the outflow of fertilizer components in the soil, and the fertilizer effect is maintained for a long time, and the water quality is prevented by preventing water pollution to surrounding rivers and groundwater. It can also contribute to conservation and environmental conservation.

The above-mentioned intermediate fermentation product is a slow-acting organic fertilizer which can be prepared by simply adding the predetermined bran of the present invention to the organic waste, mixing and leaving the mixture, and leaving it alone. It can also be used, and an organic fertilizer can be produced with a clear content and high safety.

The intermediate fermented product of the present invention can be further subjected to sedimentation and fermentation to be used as a fully matured compost. Also in this case, similarly to the case of using as a fertilizer, a compost can be appropriately prepared and used by a farmer or the like, and a highly safe compost with clear content components can be obtained.

[0020]

EXAMPLES Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but these examples do not limit the present invention at all.

[Example 1] 2-3 c of waste wood for building
20 kg of crushed rice is mixed with 2 kg of bran generated in the process of processing milled rice into non-washed rice, and the water content is adjusted to about 60%. It was packed to about 30 cm and left at room temperature (8 to 13 ° C.) for 4 days for fermentation treatment to obtain an intermediate fermented product. This intermediate fermented product is ground 30c
It was spread to a thickness of 15 cm on a wire mesh provided at a height of m and air-dried, and the water content was adjusted to about 20%. After storing this dried intermediate fermented product at room temperature for 2 months, it was laid on the field soil and subjected to normal watering. When observed one week after the laying, activity such as mold and fungi was recognized in the intermediate fermented product.

Comparative Example Fermentation of organic waste in the same manner as in Example 1 except that bran generated from a rice mill in a normal rice milling process was used in place of the bran generated in the step of processing into the unwashed rice. Although the treatment was performed, in the same treatment time (4 days) as in Example 1, the waste did not become entangled with molds and fungi as in Example 1, but began to emit a bad smell, and the organic waste was removed. It was found that the fermentation treatment required a much longer treatment time than in Example 1.

Example 2 2-3 c of waste wood for building
20 kg of crushed rice is mixed with 2 kg of bran generated in the process of processing milled rice into non-washed rice, and the water content is adjusted to about 60%. It was packed to about 30 cm and left at room temperature (8 to 13 ° C.) for 4 days for fermentation treatment to obtain an intermediate fermented product. This intermediate fermentation product, 30c vertical
m, 30 cm in width and 15 cm in depth were packed in a net basket, air-dried to adjust the water content to about 20%, taken out of the net basket, and a dried intermediate fermented product was obtained. After storing the dried molded product of the intermediate fermented product at room temperature for 4 months, it was laid on the soil of the field and subjected to normal watering. When observed one week after the laying, activity such as mold and fungi was recognized in the intermediate fermented product.

[Example 3] 2 to 3c of waste wood for building
20 kg of crushed rice is mixed with 2 kg of bran generated in the process of processing milled rice into non-washed rice, and the water content is adjusted to about 60%. It was packed to about 30 cm and left at room temperature (8 to 13 ° C.) for 4 days for fermentation treatment to obtain an intermediate fermented product. This intermediate fermentation product is
m, 40cm in width and 20cm in depth in a metal container, compression-molded by applying a load of 30 tons with a hydraulic press machine,
A plate-shaped intermediate fermentation product having a length of 20 cm, a width of 40 cm and a thickness of 8 cm was obtained. The plate-shaped intermediate fermentation product was air-dried to adjust the water content to about 20%. After storing the dried plate-shaped compression molded product of the intermediate fermentation product at room temperature for about 2 months, it was laid on the soil of a field and subjected to normal watering. When observed one week after the laying, the intermediate fermented product swelled to a thickness of 15 cm, and activities such as mold and fungi were observed.

[0025]

As described above, according to the present invention, rice,
The use of bran containing mainly the aleurone layer cells of starchy seeds such as wheat and the endosperm part of the lower layer as a fermentation accelerator for organic waste enables the use of fermentation agents such as microorganisms in a short period of time. Organic waste can be fermented. In addition, the fermented product obtained by fermenting organic waste using the above-mentioned bran can be used as a slow-acting fertilizer or soil conditioner, and can be used as a mulching material to prevent soil erosion. can do. Furthermore, in the present invention, the above-mentioned fermentation treatment product is dried to reduce the moisture content, thereby suppressing the activity of soil microorganisms such as molds and fungi to obtain an intermediate fermentation product having an improved preservability, and thus, an organic waste. It can be produced and stored in large quantities as an intermediate fermentation product when a product is generated, and can be used as a fertilizer or a soil conditioner if necessary. Further, by reducing the weight by drying, it is possible to greatly reduce the storage and transportation costs, and further, the labor of the operation when used as a fertilizer or a soil conditioner.

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Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. An intermediate fermented product obtained by mixing and fermenting an organic waste with aleurone layer cells of starchy seeds such as rice and wheat and a bran mainly containing an endosperm portion under the cell, followed by drying. 2. The intermediate fermented product according to claim 1, which is formed and dried. 3. The intermediate fermented product according to claim 1, which is compressed and dried. 4. The organic waste is mixed with aleurone layer cells in starchy seeds such as rice and wheat and bran mainly containing endosperm under the cells, and the mixture is subjected to moisture adjustment as required, and the mixture is deposited. A fermentation treatment of the organic waste, followed by drying. 5. An organic fertilizer comprising the intermediate fermented product according to claim 1. 6. A soil conditioner comprising the intermediate fermented product according to claim 1. 7. A soil improvement method comprising laying, burying or spraying the intermediate fermented product according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and irrigating as needed.