JP4529224B2 - Fermentation promoter and intermediate fermented product of organic waste, fertilizer and soil improver using the same - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fermentation accelerator and an intermediate fermented product for fermenting microorganisms to organic waste such as timber pieces, pruned leaf litter, sawdust, cut grass, vegetable residue, or organic waste, and fertilizer using the same. And a soil conditioner.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, organic waste is decomposed by microbial fermentation, and the fermented product is used as a fertilizer, a soil conditioner, or the like. For the microbial fermentation of the organic waste, for example, mushroom cultivation waste sawdust described in JP-A-7-215787, mushroom cultivation waste including coffee squeezed rice cake described in JP-A-9-103285. A culture medium, further, a cedar sawdust, activated carbon, charcoal, white sand, coffee beans residue of coffee beans, and the like added with a fermenting agent such as a microorganism is known. Furthermore, it is also known to use rice bran in combination with the fermenting agent as described above as a nutrient source for microorganisms.
[0003]
Even if the fermenting agent as described above is not used, the organic waste is fermented, decomposed and ripened even if it is left as it is, but a very long period is required. In addition, the fermenting agent as described above is obtained by adding microorganisms to a carrier such as a waste medium or sawdust. When only a nutrient source such as rice bran is used without adding microorganisms as a fermenting agent, The fermentation process requires long-term deposition. In addition, it has been conventionally practiced to use rice sardine juice or rice cake generated in the process of washing-free rice in a field or use it as fertilizer by pouring it into the soil. However, it was only to obtain the fertilizer effect of the used cocoon itself.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above points, the present invention can ferment organic wastes in a very short time without particularly adding microorganisms as fermenting agents, and the treated products can be effectively used as fertilizers, soil improvers, etc. It is intended to provide an organic waste fermentation accelerator and an intermediate fermented product.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the inventors of the present invention include those containing a specific component among starchy seeds such as rice and wheat, even without adding a microorganism as a fermenting agent. It is possible to promote microbial fermentation of organic waste and to ferment organic waste in a short period of time, and the intermediate fermented product obtained by the fermentation treatment can be effectively used as a fertilizer, soil improver, etc. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
[0006]
In the present invention, unlike normal cocoons, cocoons mainly comprising aleurone layer cells of starchy seeds and the endosperm portion under the starch are extremely effective in activating and promoting the growth of soil microorganisms such as fungi and fungi. By discovering its high effectiveness and applying it to organic waste, excellent organic fertilizers and soil conditioners can be created in a short period of time. That is, the fermentation promoter for organic waste according to the present invention comprises straw that mainly contains aleurone layer cells in the rice seeds and the endosperm portion underneath. Moreover, the intermediate fermented product obtained by fermenting organic waste with the fermentation accelerator can be effectively used as an organic fertilizer, a soil improver, or the like. Further, the intermediate fermented product can be made into compost by aging fermentation.
[0007]
As described above, the organic waste fermentation promoter according to the present invention is mixed with timber pieces, pruned leaf waste, straw, turf, lawn grass, vegetable residue, raw garbage, etc., if necessary. The organic waste can be fermented and decomposed simply by adjusting the moisture and depositing it. The intermediate fermented product is obtained by crushing or cutting organic waste to about several centimeters, mixing this with the aleurone layer cells and straw mainly containing the lower endosperm portion, and the mixture preferably has a moisture content of 60 to 65. It can be manufactured by adjusting the moisture so as to be% and then depositing it and fermenting and decomposing the organic waste.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The organic waste fermentation promoter according to the present invention uses rice seed pods. Among the starchy seed pods, the cocoon used in the present invention mainly contains aleurone layer cells and the endosperm portion below it. Conventionally, for example, it has been known to add rice bran to a fermentation accelerator as a nutrient source of microorganisms in the fermentation treatment of organic waste. However, ordinary rice bran is produced as a by-product in the rice milling process in which brown rice is refined to a yield rate of about 90% to obtain white rice, and contains a large amount of cellulose. In contrast, the cocoons used in the present invention are starchy cocoons mainly containing aleurone layer cells and the endosperm portion below. This koji is the final step in the polishing process or a process closer to the final process, for example, the koji produced in the polishing process in the final process of the flow polishing process in which a plurality of polishing chambers are arranged in series, or the polished rice The rice bran generated in the polishing process of further polishing the polished rice afterwards, or the rice bran generated in the process of washing the polished rice during rice cooking or the process of washing the rice without washing at the time of rice cooking. The aleurone layer cell is a cell tissue composed of one or more layers covering the endosperm in rice seeds , and the cocoon containing the aleurone layer cell and the underlying endosperm part is a cocoon that occurs in a normal sperm process. In contrast, it is low in cellulosic and rich in starch.
[0009]
The koji mainly containing the aleurone layer cell and the lower endosperm part used in the present invention is a koji powder generated from the milling chamber or the rice mill in the process closer to the end process in the flow kneading process as described above, or ordinary rice washing If it occurs in the process or washing-free rice processing process, you can use the soup and rice bran powder as they are, but granulate the rice bran into granules of about several mm, or concentrate and dry the soup stock In addition, it may be used in any form such as a product obtained by granulating the product into granules of about several mm.
[0010]
The aleurone-layered cells as described above and the endosperm part of the lower layer, starch-rich cocoons are mixed with organic waste, and the organic matter can be deposited in a short time by mixing it appropriately with moisture. It can be fermented and decomposed. Furthermore, the intermediate fermented product in the middle of fermentation with the addition of the koji can be effectively used as a fertilizer, a soil conditioner or the like. This intermediate fermented product is obtained by crushing or cutting (A) a piece of timber, a pruned litter of trees, vines, turf, mowing grass, a vegetable harvest residue, or raw garbage into a size of several centimeters ( B) The starch containing aleurone layer cells and the lower endosperm portion, and rich in starch is mixed so that the weight ratio of (A) to (B) is about 5 to 1 to 10 to 1, and the water content Is adjusted to about 60 to 65%, and can be obtained by placing it at a height of about 20 to 70 cm and allowing it to stand for about 3 to 20 days for fermentation. For example, the mixture has a capacity of about 30 liters. Just place it in a plastic container. Depending on the organic waste used and the moisture content of the soot, it may not be necessary to adjust the water content of the mixture. In addition, the standing time required for processing varies depending on the temperature, humidity, and the like. In addition, during this leaving period, it is not necessary to perform the turning operation indispensable for normal compost making, and an intermediate fermented product can be made very easily. The intermediate fermented product may be mixed with other fertilizer components such as ammonium sulfate and lime. In this case, the organic waste (A) and the straw (B) are mixed. When the moisture is adjusted, the other fertilizer components may be mixed.
[0011]
The intermediate fermented product of the present invention obtained as described above can be effectively used as a fertilizer, a soil conditioner and the like. For example, if the intermediate fermented product is spread as a mulching material on a soil at the base of a field or tree and used as a mulching material, the intermediate fermented product will grow in the form of a mass due to the growth of mold and fungi. Because it has become, it adheres to the soil below it and turns into humus in a short time. At this time, since the speed of becoming humus is fast as described above, the organic waste in the intermediate fermented product has good adhesion with each other and further with the soil, and the intermediate fermented product firmly fixes the soil. Protects the soil from erosion due to rain and wind, and is highly effective in preventing soil erosion in upland fields and particularly sloping land. In addition, the intermediate fermented material spread on the soil becomes a bait for soil microorganisms in the process of becoming humus, promotes the activation and growth of microorganisms, improves the physical properties of the soil, increases the soil porosity, and increases air permeability. In addition, by improving water retention, the function of irrigation and rainwater retention is also improved. Furthermore, the improvement of the physical properties of the soil as described above is effective in preventing the outflow of fertilizer components in the soil, the fertilizer effect is maintained for a long time, and water quality is prevented by preventing water pollution to the surrounding rivers and groundwater. It can also contribute to conservation and environmental conservation.
[0012]
Furthermore, the fermentation promoter of the present invention comprising the cocoon mainly containing the aleurone layer cells and the lower endosperm part as described above is mixed with the organic waste, deposited and allowed to stand for a short time. Can be microbially decomposed, for example, pruned branches and leaves generated when pruning trees in parks, roads, etc., are crushed or cut to about several centimeters at the pruning site, and this promotes fermentation. By using a mixture of straw as an agent spread on the base of the pruned tree and using it as a mulching material, it is possible to obtain a fertilizer effect by humification and a soil weed suppression effect as well as soil physical improvement. In this case, it is only necessary to crush or cut the pruned branches and leaves of the pruned tree on the spot, mix the straw as a fermentation accelerator, adjust the water content, and then spread it directly on the root of the tree. As compared with the case where the pruned litter is transported to a place with an incinerator or compost deposit and incinerated or fermented, the economic effect of significantly reducing the processing time and processing cost, as well as transportation and incineration Contributing to the global environment by reducing the CO ₂ emissions associated with.
[0013]
The intermediate fermented product is a slow-acting organic fertilizer that can be prepared simply by adding and mixing the predetermined straw of the present invention to organic waste, and it can be appropriately prepared by farmers and used for own use. It is also possible to make organic fertilizers with high safety and clear contents.
[0014]
Further, if the intermediate fermented product is further subjected to sedimentary fermentation, it can be made a fully matured compost. In this case as well, as in the case of using as the fertilizer, it can be appropriately prepared by a farmer and used for own use, and the compost is clearly safe and has high contents.
[0015]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated concretely, these Examples do not restrict | limit this invention at all.
[0016]
[Example 1 (intermediate fermented product)]
30 liters of 20 kg of timber waste from building wood crushed to about 2 to 3 cm are mixed with 2 kg of rice bran generated in the process of milling polished rice into non-washed rice, and the water content is adjusted to about 60%. It packed in the capacity | capacitance plastic container so that height might be set to about 30 cm, it was left to stand at normal temperature (8-13 degreeC) for 4 days, and the fermentation process was performed, and the intermediate fermented material was obtained.
[0017]
(Comparative example)
The organic waste was fermented in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the rice bran generated from the rice milling machine was used in the normal rice milling process instead of the rice bran produced in the step of washing into non-washed rice.
[0018]
The intermediate fermented product of Example 1 obtained after being left as described above was entangled with molds and fungi in a lump shape except for the surface layer portion that easily dried during the standing time. On the other hand, in the case of a comparative example in which normal organic straw with a lot of cellulose is mixed and left in the same organic waste, the same standing time as in Example 1 does not become intertwined with mold and fungi, As a result, it was found that the fermentation treatment time of the organic waste requires much longer treatment time than that of Example 1.
[0019]
[Example 2 (soil conditioner)]
Fermented with 2 tons per 10 ares in the form of mulching 2 times at intervals of 3 months in the form of mulching organic fermented fermented for 3 days by mixing the same vines as in Example 1 Went. When confirmed seven months after the first fertilization, bamboo sticks that could not be inserted in the soil before the implementation were inserted to a depth of 10 to 25 cm in the soil excluding mulching. This indicates that the intermediate fermented material spread on the soil in the field promotes the activation and growth of soil microorganisms, improves the physical properties of the soil, and increases the soil porosity.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, a fermenting agent such as a microorganism can be obtained by using, as a fermentation accelerator for organic waste, a cocoon mainly containing aleurone layer cells of rice seeds and an endosperm portion below the seeds. Even if it is not used, the organic waste can be fermented in a short period of time. Moreover, the intermediate fermented product obtained by fermenting organic waste using the above fermentation accelerator can be used as a slow-acting fertilizer or soil improver, and also prevents soil erosion by using it as a mulching material. be able to. Further, the intermediate fermented material can be fermented by sedimentation and fertilized.

Claims (6)

Rice bran generated in the final step in the milling process, rice bran produced in the polishing process that further polishes the polished rice after scouring the brown rice, or the process of washing the polished rice during rice cooking or cooking the polished rice without washing at the time of cooking An organic waste fermentation promoter comprising rice bran that is produced in the process of processing to wash-free rice that can be produced, and that mainly comprises aleurone layer cells in rice seeds and an endosperm portion underneath.   An intermediate fermented product obtained by fermenting an organic waste with the fermentation accelerator according to claim 1.   A method for producing an intermediate fermented product, comprising mixing organic waste and the fermentation accelerator according to claim 1 and depositing the mixture to ferment the organic waste.   The organic waste and the fermentation accelerator according to claim 1 are mixed, the water content of the mixture is adjusted to 60 to 65%, and this is deposited to ferment the organic waste. A method for producing an intermediate fermented product.   An organic fertilizer comprising the intermediate fermented product according to claim 2.   A soil improver comprising the intermediate fermented product according to claim 2.