JPS63134590A - Granular conpost and manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A1 Object of the Invention (a) Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to granular compost and a method for producing granular compost.

b. Conventional technology and its problems 1. Clarification of the importance of compost and the actual situation of shortage The importance of compost has not changed throughout history, but it has become even more important with the Soil Fertility Improvement Law promulgated on May 18, 1980. clarified.

In other words, the Soil Fertility Improvement Law was promulgated on May 18, 1980 in order for the government to increase agricultural productivity and stabilize agricultural management. As progress has progressed, the number of livestock farmers and the agricultural labor force have decreased significantly, resulting in a significant decrease in the use of compost, leading to concerns about the decline in soil fertility, and Article 3 of the Act requires the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries to It is stipulated that basic guidelines must be established for farmers and the organizations they organize in order to promote soil management. ) shows the application of compost, etc., and the basic improvement goals and basic improvement measures for soil properties indicate that compost is the basic material for comprehensively improving the main properties of soil. Therefore, compost has been an indispensable material for increasing agricultural productivity and maintaining and improving soil fertility, both in ancient times and in the future.

However, the general situation of lack of compostable materials and the shortage of agricultural labor force are making it increasingly difficult to produce compost per unit area as individual agricultural producers expand their farming areas.

2. Motivation for the Invention The inventor stated that on May 18, 1980, the Soil Fertility Improvement Law was promulgated.
Peat, which is the first material, zeolite, which is the third material, and bentonite, which is the fifth material, of the types specified in Cabinet Order No. 299 based on Article 11 of the law, are said to be inexhaustible in the local area and neighboring towns and villages. It is no exaggeration to say that they planned the industrial mass production of peat compost from existing peat compost, and began research and production of it.The conventional technology and problems involved are as follows.

No. 1: Packaging costs are too high From the traditional concept, compost is considered agricultural. Produced by producers individually or collectively individual farmers or regional demand. Only meet the requirements, for example in - places. Produced and sold in Hokkaido - yen and whole There is nothing that can meet that demand nationally. There wasn't.

In other words, the transportation cost is the compost itself. Low cost that is significantly different from the monetary evaluation of Due to normal distribution and Packaging is in units of 20 and 1 ton of compost is Requires 50 bags or more, packaging cost We must aim to reduce this by 11. It is.

2. The transportation cost of compost is extremely high. Normally, 1 ton of compost has a volume of about 2rnl, and the price of compost is usually extremely low compared to its weight and volume. For this reason, it is common knowledge to this day that when you add in the transportation costs and the packaging costs mentioned in Part 1, wide-area distribution was so high that it could be said that distribution was impossible. It is a concept.

3rd: Need for labor saving in compost spreading Compost is conventional compared to general fertilizer etc. It is possible to distribute m contracts, but it is difficult. From the perspective of owning and using melon machines, Making it possible to use general fertilizer spreaders There is a need to save time and save labor.

4. Harmful effects due to lack of awareness of compost components Traditionally, some composts have extremely high components depending on the fertilizer application standards and fertilizer design, and on the other hand, there are no component-free composts.

However, ``chemical fertilizer that ignores its ingredients'' It is customary for the application of However, this is because the composition of compost is extremely variable. This is due to the fact that the fertilizer is This is due to the fact that there is very little use of However, it is considered that it has extremely low ingredients. In any case, of course, the formation of compost Producers count this as an ingredient. Fertilization should be designed by taking this into account It is.

This is causing unnecessary economic damage to agriculture. Excessive chemical fertilizers as well as preventing Cultivated soil due to salt accumulation due to dependence on This is extremely important in terms of preventing the deterioration of Zero granular compost is the standard for compost. The blending ratio is determined to correspond to the ingredients. This is also the main reason why I decided to It exists in

B1 Structure of Invention A1 Means for Solving Problem The present invention attempts to solve the above-mentioned problem by using the following structure. That is, the first invention is a granular compost made from peat, rice straw, wheat straw, tree bark, etc., and the second invention is a method for producing granular compost that specifically realizes the first invention, It consists of the following steps 1 to 3.

B. First step Peat is heated and dehydrated, rice straw, wheat Crushing and sifting straw, tree bark, etc.

B. Second step: Add raw chicken manure or raw liver ingredients to the sieved material in the first step, and add a moisture regulating material (pulverized rice hulls, etc.) to achieve the most suitable moisture condition for fermentation.

3. Add a small amount of granulation to the fermented and ripened compost, put it in a granulator, compress it into granules, and remove excess water in a dryer until the moisture reaches the specified level. to obtain the final product.

b1 Example of the invention The first invention is a granular compost made from peat, rice straw, wheat straw, tree bark, etc. as raw materials.

The second invention is a method for producing granular compost that specifically implements the first invention.

Peat is mechanically dehydrated, the dehydrated peat is passed through a crusher, sieved, chicken manure or pig manure is added, mechanically cut back, fermented and rotten, and a small amount is added to the compost. Zeolite or bentonite (both designated soil improvement materials under Cabinet Order No. 299) is added and granulated and dried.

In other words, the problems with the conventional technology are as described above, but in order to solve this problem, (a) a large amount of compostable material (peat in the example) is kept at a constant moisture concentration; , Compatible with chicken manure or pig manure to achieve the desired component concentration, then fermentation and ripening to create compost with a certain composition. is made as small as possible.

More specifically, the method for producing this granular compost consists of the following steps 1 to 3.

1st step When using peat as raw material, peat excavation - crushing, heating and dehydration, crushing and sifting (the excavated peat area is backfilled) When using rice straw, wheat straw, or tree bark as raw material, raw material - crushing One sieve is made by adding an amount of raw chicken manure or raw liver ingredients that meets the compost standards to the sieved material in the first step, and adding a moisture regulating material (pulverized rice hulls, etc.) to the material that is sifted in the first step. keep it hydrated.

3rd step Add a small amount of granulating material to the fermented and rotten compost,
It is compressed and granulated using a granulator and a compressor, and the water content is reduced to 10
The final product is obtained by removing excess moisture by dryer until the moisture content is %.

In addition, FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the equipment used in the above-mentioned method for producing granular compost, and in the figure, 1 is a fermentation tank, 2 is a crusher,
3 is a sieving machine, 4 is a compression granulator, and 5 is a dryer.

C1 action I will explain it along with the effects.

C1 Effect 1 of the Invention: Reduction in Transportation Costs In the present invention, by concentrating and granulating the material, both the volumetric weight and the weight can be greatly reduced, resulting in an extremely large reduction in transportation costs.

2. Reducing packaging costs It is customary for this type of product to be packaged in units of 20 Kgr, both in terms of volume and weight.
Bag costs and bagging labor can be significantly reduced.

3. Saving labor in spreading compost Although conventional compost spreading machines exist, it is true that spreading them is extremely difficult.
- The increase in the agricultural production area per household and the shortage of labor are becoming more and more difficult, but the availability of regular granular fertilizer spreaders has made it possible to save a lot of labor in this respect.

4. Achieving wide-area distribution and improving added value Traditionally, compost has been produced by FF farmers or produced in very small areas, but the amount has decreased significantly. Even if there were a large amount of compostable materials, it was impossible to distribute them over a wide area, so industrial production could not be achieved.However, by granulating materials, it was possible to significantly reduce the shipping and packaging costs of ordinary compostable materials. This enabled the possibility of wide-area distribution and, in this sense, a large increase in added value, making industrial production possible.

5. Achievement of stable retention of compost components and rationalization of chemical fertilizer application Conventionally, the components of compost were divided into wards as shown below, and it was customary to use them without calculating the components at all. As shown <: *1 step to 's3
The entire process is done mechanically, and the blending ratio of dehydrated peat, chicken manure or pig manure, and moisture adjustment materials shown in the second step is also determined, so planned blending also regulates the ingredients of the product. , products with constant ingredients will be manufactured.

Therefore, with granular compost, it is possible to calculate the fertilizer mixing ratio of chemical fertilizers applied outside of compost, and it is possible to calculate the degree of harmful effects of salt accumulation based on the flow of chemical fertilizers or the ineffectiveness of fixation. It brought about the possibility of making it possible.

In addition, the composition table and average values (standard components of compost) of 105 cases according to the III provisions of the law and technical measures are shown as a table in Figure 2, but the inventor refers to the average values in this table as the standard components of compost. It was to be.

6. The basis of compost ingredients! ! (Possibility of setting a41) Previously, there was no fixed composition of compost for compost, and its effectiveness was specified in Section 1+ of the Basic Guidelines of the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries based on Article 3, Paragraph 1 of the Soil Fertility Improvement Act. It has been shown that compost is the basic material that comprehensively improves the ffl essential properties of soil such as compactness, effective water retention capacity, available nitrogen content, humus content, etc., but the standard of ingredients is When using chemical fertilizers in combination with chemical fertilizers, it is important to make economical use of chemical fertilizers and to reduce the harmful effects of salt accumulation due to excessive dependence on chemical fertilizers. We believe that this will pave the way for the material to be designated by government ordinance under Article 11, Paragraph 2 of the Act.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of the equipment used in the above granular compost production method, and Figure 2 is a table of ingredients and average values (compost standard ingredients) of tOS examples in the enactment of laws and technical measures. 100. Fermentation tank 211. Crusher 311. The sieve portion is machine 401. Compression granulator 561. Dryer Patent Applicant Donomoto Co., Ltd. Procedural Amendment 1, Indication of Case 1986 Patent Application No. 282884 2, Name of Invention Granular Compost and Process for Making Granular Compost 3 Person making the amendment Relationship to the case Patent Applicant Name: Tonomoto Co., Ltd. 4, Agent Postal code: O6O Address: No. 5, Kita 1-jo Nishi 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 7 Eter Building 5, Date of amendment order: 7, Details of amendment (1) Statement Page 14 t Add the following sentence at the end of V-4. 7. Development of technology for locally applying small amounts of compost fertilizer to crops in the rhizosphere.According to a recent announcement by the Agriculture Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries,
It has been announced that microorganisms in the rhizosphere hold the key to crop growth, and instead of the conventional method of applying compost to the entire surface of crops, it is possible to prevent soil diseases and the development of crop resistance to them. It has been announced that a new challenge is the development of a local concentrated application technology for the rhizosphere, in which a small amount of compost is applied concentratedly to the rhizosphere, which can be said to be the root zone. For intensive application to the rhizosphere, machine M
Including immersion, it is extremely difficult to use small granular compost.
This was developed as one of the application techniques.''

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) Granular compost made from peat, rice straw, wheat straw, tree bark, etc. (2) A method for producing granular compost, characterized by comprising the following first to third steps. B. In the first step, peat is heated and dehydrated, and rice straw, wheat straw, tree bark, etc. are crushed and sieved. B. Second step: Add raw chicken manure or raw pig manure to the material sifted in the first step, and add a moisture adjusting material (pulverized rice hulls, etc.) to make the moisture state most suitable for fermentation. 3. Add a small amount of granulating material to the fermented and ripened compost, put it in a granulator, compress it into granules, and remove excess water in a dryer until the moisture reaches the specified level. to obtain the final product.