JP2001518827A - ジルコニウム合金の表面酸化法及びこの方法による製品 - Google Patents
ジルコニウム合金の表面酸化法及びこの方法による製品Info
- Publication number
- JP2001518827A JP2001518827A JP54601598A JP54601598A JP2001518827A JP 2001518827 A JP2001518827 A JP 2001518827A JP 54601598 A JP54601598 A JP 54601598A JP 54601598 A JP54601598 A JP 54601598A JP 2001518827 A JP2001518827 A JP 2001518827A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- zirconium
- prosthesis
- alloy
- oxide
- uniform thickness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 55
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 17
- 210000001624 hip Anatomy 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000000629 knee joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000323 shoulder joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims 3
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 30
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004053 dental implant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 16
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004699 Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000006386 Bone Resorption Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000024279 bone resorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012993 chemical processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- FCDDQRGFNZZTMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium cobalt molybdenum Chemical compound [Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Cr].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo] FCDDQRGFNZZTMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001145 finger joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003709 heart valve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000752 ionisation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012457 nonaqueous media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002861 ventricular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.改質された微細構造と表面粗さとをそれぞれが有するジルコニウムあるいは ジルコニウム合金への酸化物被膜形成方法であって、 改質された微細構造と改善された表面粗さとをそれぞれが有する前記ジルコニ ウムあるいは前記ジルコニウム合金に適用された酸化過程で均一厚さの酸化物被 膜が形成されるような改質微細構造を有する前記ジルコニウムあるいは前記ジル コニウム合金の表面粗さを改善する過程を備えている酸化物被膜形成方法。 2.改質された微細構造と表面粗さとをそれぞれが有するジルコニウムあるいは ジルコニウム合金への均一厚さの酸化物被膜形成方法であって、 前記のジルコニウムあるいはジルコニウム合金を酸化過程に置くのに先立って 、改善された表面粗さ(Ra)が約3マイクロインチ〜約25マイクロインチの 範囲にあるように表面粗さを改善する過程を備えている酸化物被膜形成方法。 3.改善された表面粗さが、研磨ステップを備えた研磨用表面調製過程によって 、ジルコニウムあるいはジルコニウム合金の表面にもたらされる請求項1または 2に記載の方法。 4.改善された表面粗さ(Ra)が、約3.5マイクロインチ〜約7マイクロイ ンチの範囲にある請求項1または2に記載の方法。 5.ジルコニウムあるいはジルコニウム合金が、ASTMの微細結晶粒寸法番号 10よりも小さい結晶粒寸法を有している請求項1または2に記載の方法。 6.酸化過程が、空気を酸化体として利用するものである請求項1または2に記 載の方法。 7.ジルコニウムあるいはジルコニウム合金が、インゴットからバーストックへ の熱間鍛造変換法、閉鎖金型鍛造法、高速凝固法および粉末凝固法から構成され る群から選ばれた方法によって製造されている請求項1または2に記載の方法。 8.改善された表面粗さ(Ra)が、約3.5マイクロインチ〜約7マイクロイ ンチの範囲にあり、ジルコニウム合金が、ASTMの微細結晶粒寸法番号10よ りも小さい結晶粒寸法を有している請求項1または2に記載の方法。 9.改善された表面粗さ(Ra)が、約3.5マイクロインチ〜約7マイクロイ ンチの範囲にあり、ジルコニウムあるいはジルコニウム合金が、インゴットから バーストックへの熱間鍛造 変換法、閉鎖金型鍛造法、高速凝固法および粉末凝固法から構成される群から選 ばれた方法によって製造されている請求項1または2に記載の方法。 10.均一な酸化物被膜が、約10ミクロンまでの厚さを有している請求項1ま たは2に記載の方法。 11.(a)ジルコニウムあるいはジルコニウム合金から形成され、患者の身体 組織へ挿入するためのインプラント部を備えている補綴本体、 (b)この補綴本体に少なくとも1つの関節丘を備えている軸受面、 (c)有機ポリマーあるいはポリマー基混合物から形成され、前記軸受面と協 働するように適合された脛骨構成要素、及び (d)有機ポリマーあるいはポリマー基混合物からなる構成要素の磨耗を減ら すために請求項1または2の方法によって前記関節丘部分の軸受面に直接調製さ れた、均一厚さの濃い藍色または黒色の酸化ジルコニウムの薄い被膜 を備えてなる、患者に移植するための補綴。 12.濃い藍色または黒色の酸化ジルコニウムの薄い被膜が、約10ミクロンま での厚さである請求項11に記載の補綴。 13.補綴本体のインプラント部分が、その補綴本体の一部に 組織の内植を受け入れるように適合された不規則表面構造をさらに備えている請 求項12に記載の補綴。 14.不規則表面構造が、補綴本体の外面に取り付けられたジルコニウムあるい はジルコニウム合金のビーズから構成され、このビーズの表面の少なくとも一部 が請求項1または2の方法によって均一厚さの濃い藍色または黒色の酸化ジルコ ニウムに酸化されている請求項13に記載の補綴。 15.不規則表面構造が、補綴本体の外面に連結されたジルコニウムあるいはジ ルコニウム合金の金網から形成され、この金網の表面の少なくとも一部が請求項 1または2の方法によって均一厚さの濃い藍色または黒色の酸化ジルコニウムに 酸化されている請求項13に記載の補綴。 16.(a)ジルコニウムあるいはジルコニウム合金から形成された頭部を備え ており、大腿骨の中に移植するための股関節補綴本体、 (b)この補綴本体の頭部における軸受面、 (c)有機ポリマーあるいはポリマー基混合物から形成された内面を有し、こ の内面が前記頭部における軸受面と協働するように適合された寛骨臼カップ、及 び (d)請求項1または2の方法によって前記頭部の軸受面に直接調製された、 均一厚さの濃い藍色または黒色の酸化ジルコ ニウムの薄い被膜 を備えてなる、患者に移植するための補綴。 17.均一厚さの濃い藍色または黒色の酸化ジルコニウムの薄い被膜が、約10 ミクロンまでの厚さである請求項16に記載の補綴。 18.補綴本体が、その補綴本体の一部に組織の内植を受け入れるように適合さ れた不規則表面構造をさらに備えている請求項16に記載の補綴。 19.不規則表面構造が、補綴本体の外面に連結されたジルコニウムあるいはジ ルコニウム合金のビーズから構成され、このビーズの表面の少なくとも一部が請 求項1または2の方法によって均一厚さの濃い藍色または黒色の酸化ジルコニウ ムに酸化されている請求項18に記載の補綴。 20.不規則表面構造が、補綴本体の外面に連結されたジルコニウムあるいはジ ルコニウム合金の金網から構成され、この金網の表面の少なくとも一部が請求項 1または2の方法によって均一厚さの濃い藍色または黒色の酸化ジルコニウムに 酸化されている請求項18に記載の補綴。 21.(a)ジルコニウムあるいはジルコニウム合金から形成 され、患者の身体組織へ挿入するためのインプラント部を備えている補綴本体、 (b)この補綴本体に設けられた軸受面であって、別の補綴部における、有機 ポリマーあるいはポリマー基混合物から形成された第2軸受面と係合しあるいは 協働するような大きさ及び形状に構成された軸受面、及び (c)前記の別の補綴部における、有機ポリマーあるいはポリマー基混合物か ら形成された第2軸受面の磨耗を減らすために、請求項1または2の方法によっ てその補綴本体の軸受面に形成された、厚さが約10ミクロンまでの均一厚さの 濃い藍色または黒色の酸化ジルコニウムの被膜を備えてなる、患者に移稙するた めの補綴。 22.補綴本体が、軸受面としての頭部を有する股関節であり、前記の別の補綴 部が、寛骨臼カップであり、前記頭部がその寛骨臼カップの内面と協働するよう に適合されており、この内面が、有機ポリマーあるいはポリマー基混合物からな っている請求項21に記載の補綴。 23.補綴本体が、膝関節であり、その補綴本体の軸受面が、少なくとも1つの 関節丘を備え、前記の別の補綴部が、有機ポリマーあるいはポリマー基混合物か ら構成された脛骨構成要素を備え、前記の少なくとも1つの関節丘がその脛骨構 成要素と協働するように適合されている請求項21に記載の補綴。 24.補綴本体が、その補綴本体の一部に組織の内植を受け入れるように適合さ れた不規則表面構造をさらに備えている請求項21に記載の補綴。 25.不規則表面構造が、補綴本体の外面に連結されたジルコニウムあるいはジ ルコニウム合金のビーズから構成され、このビーズの表面の少なくとも一部が請 求項1または2の方法によって均一厚さの濃い藍色または黒色の酸化ジルコニウ ムに酸化されている請求項24に記載の補綴。 26.不規則表面構造が、補綴本体の外面に連結されたジルコニウムあるいはジ ルコニウム合金の金網から構成され、この金網の表面の少なくとも一部が請求項 1または2の方法によって均一厚さの濃い藍色または黒色の酸化ジルコニウムに 酸化されている請求項24に記載の補綴。 27.(a)ジルコニウムあるいはジルコニウム合金から形成され、患者の身体 組織へ挿入するためのインプラント部を備えている補綴本体、 (b)この補綴本体に設けられた軸受面、 (c)有機ポリマーあるいはポリマー基混合物から構成されてその軸受面と協 働するように適合された対向軸受面、及び (d)有機ポリマーあるいはポリマー基混合物からなる対向 軸受面の磨耗を減らすために請求項1または2の方法によってその軸受面に直接 調製された、均一厚さの濃い藍色または黒色の酸化ジルコニウムの薄い被膜 を備えてなる、患者に移植するための補綴。 28.均一厚さの濃い藍色または黒色の酸化ジルコニウムの薄い被膜が、請求項 1または2の方法によって形成された約10ミクロンまでの厚さである請求項2 7に記載の補綴。 29.補綴本体のインプラント部分が、その補綴本体の一部に組織の内植を受け 入れるように適合された不規則表面構造をさらに備えている請求項28に記載の 補綴。 30.不規則表面構造が、補綴本体の外面に取り付けられたジルコニウムあるい はジルコニウム合金のビーズから構成され、このビーズの表面の少なくとも一部 が請求項1または2の方法によって均一厚さの濃い藍色または黒色の酸化ジルコ ニウムに酸化されている請求項29に記載の補綴。 31.不規則表面構造が、補綴本体の外面に連結されたジルコニウムあるいはジ ルコニウム合金の金網から形成され、この金網の表面の少なくとも一部が請求項 1または2の方法によって均一厚さの濃い藍色または黒色の酸化ジルコニウムに 酸化されている請求項29に記載の補綴。 32.ジルコニウムあるいはジルコニウム合金が、鍛造されたバーストックであ る請求項11、16、21または27に記載の補綴。 33.(a)改質された微細構造と改善された表面粗さとをそれぞれが有するジ ルコニウムあるいはジルコニウム合金から少なくとも一部が形成された外面を有 する補綴本体、及び (b)その外面の前記少なくとも一部における改善された表面粗さを引き起こし かつ前記補綴本体の外面の前記一部を酸化過程に置くことで、その外面の前記一 部に形成された均一厚さの酸化ジルコニウム被膜 を備えてなる、患者に移植するための補綴。 34.補綴本体が、膝関節、股関節及び肩関節の群から選ばれた関節に使うのに 適した内部補綴本体である請求項33に記載の補綴。 35.ジルコニウムあるいはジルコニウム合金が、インゴットからバーストック への熱間鍛造変換法、閉鎖金型鍛造法、高速凝固法および粉末凝固法から構成さ れる群から選ばれた方法によって形成されている請求項11、16、21、27 、33及び34に記載の補綴。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69825570T2 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
US20060259150A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
US7582117B2 (en) | 2009-09-01 |
CA2284816C (en) | 2007-05-15 |
JP4491076B2 (ja) | 2010-06-30 |
EP0968011B1 (en) | 2004-08-11 |
ATE273036T1 (de) | 2004-08-15 |
DE69825570D1 (de) | 2004-09-16 |
PT968011E (pt) | 2004-12-31 |
CA2284816A1 (en) | 1998-10-01 |
EP0968011A1 (en) | 2000-01-05 |
AU736216B2 (en) | 2001-07-26 |
DK0968011T3 (da) | 2004-12-20 |
JP5632148B2 (ja) | 2014-11-26 |
AU6588998A (en) | 1998-10-20 |
US6447550B1 (en) | 2002-09-10 |
JP2010063896A (ja) | 2010-03-25 |
WO1998042390A1 (en) | 1998-10-01 |
ES2227818T3 (es) | 2005-04-01 |
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