IT1139603B - Procedimento per la preparazione di vetro di silice drogata e di preformati per fibra ottica utilizzando il vetro di silice drogata - Google Patents
Procedimento per la preparazione di vetro di silice drogata e di preformati per fibra ottica utilizzando il vetro di silice drogataInfo
- Publication number
- IT1139603B IT1139603B IT8123880A IT2388081A IT1139603B IT 1139603 B IT1139603 B IT 1139603B IT 8123880 A IT8123880 A IT 8123880A IT 2388081 A IT2388081 A IT 2388081A IT 1139603 B IT1139603 B IT 1139603B
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- optical fibre
- pref
- oxidisable
- thermal
- Prior art date
Links
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 13
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 6
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 6
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 6
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009283 thermal hydrolysis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
- C03B19/10—Forming beads
- C03B19/1005—Forming solid beads
- C03B19/106—Forming solid beads by chemical vapour deposition; by liquid phase reaction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
- C03B19/10—Forming beads
- C03B19/1005—Forming solid beads
- C03B19/102—Forming solid beads by blowing a gas onto a stream of molten glass or onto particulate materials, e.g. pulverising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
- C03B37/01413—Reactant delivery systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
- C03B37/01413—Reactant delivery systems
- C03B37/0142—Reactant deposition burners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
- C03B37/01486—Means for supporting, rotating or translating the preforms being formed, e.g. lathes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
- C03C13/04—Fibre optics, e.g. core and clad fibre compositions
- C03C13/045—Silica-containing oxide glass compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/06—Glass compositions containing silica with more than 90% silica by weight, e.g. quartz
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/10—Internal structure or shape details
- C03B2203/22—Radial profile of refractive index, composition or softening point
- C03B2203/24—Single mode [SM or monomode]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/10—Internal structure or shape details
- C03B2203/22—Radial profile of refractive index, composition or softening point
- C03B2203/26—Parabolic or graded index [GRIN] core profile
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2207/00—Glass deposition burners
- C03B2207/04—Multi-nested ports
- C03B2207/06—Concentric circular ports
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2207/00—Glass deposition burners
- C03B2207/20—Specific substances in specified ports, e.g. all gas flows specified
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2207/00—Glass deposition burners
- C03B2207/20—Specific substances in specified ports, e.g. all gas flows specified
- C03B2207/26—Multiple ports for glass precursor
- C03B2207/28—Multiple ports for glass precursor for different glass precursors, reactants or modifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2207/00—Glass deposition burners
- C03B2207/50—Multiple burner arrangements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2207/00—Glass deposition burners
- C03B2207/60—Relationship between burner and deposit, e.g. position
- C03B2207/64—Angle
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2207/00—Glass deposition burners
- C03B2207/80—Feeding the burner or the burner-heated deposition site
- C03B2207/85—Feeding the burner or the burner-heated deposition site with vapour generated from liquid glass precursors, e.g. directly by heating the liquid
- C03B2207/87—Controlling the temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2201/00—Glass compositions
- C03C2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03C2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2201/00—Glass compositions
- C03C2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03C2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals
- C03C2201/40—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals containing transition metals other than rare earth metals, e.g. Zr, Nb, Ta or Zn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2203/00—Production processes
- C03C2203/40—Gas-phase processes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
- Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP12655680A JPS5751144A (en) | 1980-09-11 | 1980-09-11 | Preparation of doped silica glas |
JP12710280A JPS5756335A (en) | 1980-09-16 | 1980-09-16 | Manufacture of doped silica glass |
JP15496080A JPS5782131A (en) | 1980-11-04 | 1980-11-04 | Preparation of doped silica glass |
JP15496180A JPS5782132A (en) | 1980-11-04 | 1980-11-04 | Preparation of doped silica glass |
JP16626280A JPS5792530A (en) | 1980-11-26 | 1980-11-26 | Preparation of doped silica glass |
JP5433281A JPS57170832A (en) | 1981-04-13 | 1981-04-13 | Manufacture of base material for optical fiber |
JP5433481A JPS5934661B2 (ja) | 1981-04-13 | 1981-04-13 | ド−プトシリカガラスの製造方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
IT8123880A0 IT8123880A0 (it) | 1981-09-10 |
IT1139603B true IT1139603B (it) | 1986-09-24 |
Family
ID=27564845
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
IT8123880A IT1139603B (it) | 1980-09-11 | 1981-09-10 | Procedimento per la preparazione di vetro di silice drogata e di preformati per fibra ottica utilizzando il vetro di silice drogata |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4414012A (it) |
CA (1) | CA1188895A (it) |
FR (1) | FR2489808B1 (it) |
GB (1) | GB2083806B (it) |
IT (1) | IT1139603B (it) |
NL (1) | NL190841C (it) |
Families Citing this family (43)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4474593A (en) * | 1982-04-26 | 1984-10-02 | At&T Technologies Inc. | Method of fabricating a lightguide fiber |
DE3217965A1 (de) * | 1982-05-13 | 1983-11-17 | Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Verfahren zur herstellung von glasfaser-lichtwellenleitern |
US4443239A (en) * | 1982-05-20 | 1984-04-17 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Fabrication of optical waveguides using slurry deposition |
CA1218270A (en) * | 1982-07-26 | 1987-02-24 | Herman M. Presby | Method of fabricating optical fiber preforms |
DE3240355C1 (de) * | 1982-11-02 | 1983-11-17 | Heraeus Quarzschmelze Gmbh, 6450 Hanau | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines laenglichen Glaskoerpers mit inhomogener Brechungsindexverteilung |
DE3302745A1 (de) * | 1983-01-27 | 1984-08-02 | Wacker-Chemitronic Gesellschaft für Elektronik-Grundstoffe mbH, 8263 Burghausen | Verfahren zur herstellung von gegenstaenden aus hochreinem synthetischem quarzglas |
DE3304552A1 (de) * | 1983-02-10 | 1984-08-16 | Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Verfahren zur herstellung von lichtwellenleitern |
DE3304721A1 (de) * | 1983-02-11 | 1984-08-16 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur herstellung einer vorform fuer lichtwellenleiter |
DE3327484A1 (de) * | 1983-07-29 | 1985-02-14 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren zur herstellung von glas durch abscheidung aus der gasphase |
US4563276A (en) * | 1983-12-16 | 1986-01-07 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Chromatographic apparatus and process |
DE3474657D1 (en) * | 1984-01-31 | 1988-11-24 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone | Method of fabricating optical fiber preforms |
DE68900870D1 (de) * | 1988-09-21 | 1992-04-02 | American Telephone & Telegraph | Verfahren zur herstellung eines glaskoerpers. |
US5043002A (en) * | 1990-08-16 | 1991-08-27 | Corning Incorporated | Method of making fused silica by decomposing siloxanes |
US5151117A (en) * | 1991-06-14 | 1992-09-29 | Corning Incorporated | Solution doping of porous preforms |
JP2588447B2 (ja) * | 1991-06-29 | 1997-03-05 | 信越石英株式会社 | エキシマレーザー用石英ガラス部材の製造方法 |
DE19648025A1 (de) * | 1996-11-20 | 1998-05-28 | Deutsche Telekom Ag | Immersionsflüssigkeiten und -gele für optische Stecker und mechanische Spleiße von Lichtwellenleitern sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
US6535679B2 (en) * | 1997-01-16 | 2003-03-18 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber and method of manufacturing the same |
FR2762836B1 (fr) * | 1997-05-02 | 1999-07-23 | Alsthom Cge Alcatel | Procede et appareil de fabrication de preformes de fibre de verre |
EP0998431A1 (en) * | 1997-07-15 | 2000-05-10 | Corning Incorporated | Decreased h2 sensitivity in optical fiber |
US6044664A (en) * | 1997-09-29 | 2000-04-04 | Nikon Corporation | Synthetic silica glass manufacturing apparatus |
US7280219B1 (en) | 1997-10-28 | 2007-10-09 | Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. | System for monitoring sealing wear |
US6111643A (en) * | 1997-10-28 | 2000-08-29 | Reliance Electric Industrial Company | Apparatus, system and method for determining wear of an article |
US6580511B1 (en) * | 1997-10-28 | 2003-06-17 | Reliance Electric Technologies, Llc | System for monitoring sealing wear |
DE19937861C2 (de) | 1999-08-13 | 2003-03-20 | Heraeus Quarzglas | Verfahren für die Herstellung dichter Quarzglas-Körnung |
JP2003508336A (ja) * | 1999-09-03 | 2003-03-04 | バラー、エルエルシー | 火炎加水分解によってガラス・プリフォームを製造する装置 |
US6386373B1 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2002-05-14 | Alcatel | Process for making silica powder and use of such powder in the manufacture of an optical fiber preform |
EP1184350B1 (de) * | 2000-09-01 | 2006-05-17 | Degussa AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung von SiO2-TiO2-Gläsern mit geringem thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizient |
EP1195360A1 (de) | 2000-09-01 | 2002-04-10 | Degussa AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung von SiO2-TiO2-Gläsern mit geringem thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizient |
US20030104209A1 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2003-06-05 | Bellman Robert A. | Precursor and method of growing doped glass films |
US20030226377A1 (en) * | 2002-03-05 | 2003-12-11 | Barrett W. Tim | Method of making silica-titania extreme ultraviolet elements |
JP2003335541A (ja) * | 2002-03-13 | 2003-11-25 | Fujikura Ltd | 多孔質母材の製造方法 |
JP2004284886A (ja) * | 2003-03-24 | 2004-10-14 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 合成石英ガラス製造用バーナー |
US20110100061A1 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-05-05 | James Fleming | Formation of microstructured fiber preforms using porous glass deposition |
JP5476982B2 (ja) | 2009-12-25 | 2014-04-23 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | チタニアドープ石英ガラスの選定方法 |
DE102012000418A1 (de) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-27 | J-Plasma Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Stablinsen und Vorrichtung hierfür |
DE102012100233B4 (de) | 2012-01-12 | 2014-05-15 | Schott Ag | Hochtransmittive Gläser mit hoher Solarisationsbeständigkeit, ihre Verwendung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
JP6006185B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-24 | 2016-10-12 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ用多孔質ガラス堆積体の製造方法 |
CN103224240B (zh) * | 2013-04-15 | 2015-03-04 | 清华大学 | 一种四氯化硅气相水解合成纳米级二氧化硅的方法 |
US20150050816A1 (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2015-02-19 | Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute | Method of electrochemically preparing silicon film |
WO2017078859A1 (en) | 2015-11-04 | 2017-05-11 | Unimin Corporation | Purified quartz powder modified for cladding optic fiber cable |
CN105837025B (zh) * | 2016-04-21 | 2018-12-11 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | 高效制备掺杂光纤预制棒的方法及掺杂光纤预制棒 |
US10745804B2 (en) * | 2017-01-31 | 2020-08-18 | Ofs Fitel, Llc | Parallel slit torch for making optical fiber preform |
CN116217067B (zh) * | 2023-02-17 | 2023-12-19 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | 一种石英玻璃圆柱体的沉积系统及方法 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3864113A (en) * | 1973-10-19 | 1975-02-04 | Corning Glass Works | Method of Producing Glass by Flame Hydrolysis |
US3859073A (en) * | 1973-10-19 | 1975-01-07 | Corning Glass Works | Method of producing glass by flame hydrolysis |
US4217027A (en) * | 1974-02-22 | 1980-08-12 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Optical fiber fabrication and resulting product |
DE2546162B1 (de) * | 1975-10-15 | 1976-09-23 | Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen | Lichtleitfaser mit Brechungsindexgradient zur Nachrichtenuebertragung |
JPS52121341A (en) * | 1976-04-06 | 1977-10-12 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Production of optical fiber base materials and production apparatus fo r the same |
JPS54103058A (en) * | 1978-01-31 | 1979-08-14 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Production of anhydride glass material for optical fibers |
US4263031A (en) * | 1978-06-12 | 1981-04-21 | Corning Glass Works | Method of producing glass optical filaments |
FR2446264A1 (fr) * | 1979-01-10 | 1980-08-08 | Quartz & Silice | Procede de preparation d'une preforme pour guide d'onde optique |
JPS55144429A (en) * | 1979-04-24 | 1980-11-11 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Quartz glass for light transmission fiber and its manufacture |
JPS55144430A (en) * | 1979-04-24 | 1980-11-11 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Manufacture of base material for light transmission fiber |
US4345928A (en) * | 1979-10-09 | 1982-08-24 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Public Corporation | Fabrication method of single-mode optical fiber preforms |
-
1981
- 1981-08-28 GB GB8126332A patent/GB2083806B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-08-28 CA CA000384809A patent/CA1188895A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-09-08 US US06/300,296 patent/US4414012A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1981-09-10 FR FR8117174A patent/FR2489808B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1981-09-10 IT IT8123880A patent/IT1139603B/it active
- 1981-09-10 NL NL8104196A patent/NL190841C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA1188895A (en) | 1985-06-18 |
FR2489808B1 (it) | 1985-01-11 |
IT8123880A0 (it) | 1981-09-10 |
GB2083806A (en) | 1982-03-31 |
NL190841B (nl) | 1994-04-18 |
NL190841C (nl) | 1994-09-16 |
US4414012A (en) | 1983-11-08 |
NL8104196A (nl) | 1982-04-01 |
GB2083806B (en) | 1984-08-08 |
FR2489808A1 (it) | 1982-03-12 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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TA | Fee payment date (situation as of event date), data collected since 19931001 |
Effective date: 19970926 |