IN2004DE03867A - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- IN2004DE03867A IN2004DE03867A IN3867DE2004A IN2004DE03867A IN 2004DE03867 A IN2004DE03867 A IN 2004DE03867A IN 3867DE2004 A IN3867DE2004 A IN 3867DE2004A IN 2004DE03867 A IN2004DE03867 A IN 2004DE03867A
- Authority
- IN
- India
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0213—Preparation of the impregnating solution
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/50—Silver
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
- B01J23/68—Silver or gold with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
- B01J23/68—Silver or gold with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/688—Silver or gold with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/12—Oxidising
- B01J37/14—Oxidising with gases containing free oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D301/00—Preparation of oxiranes
- C07D301/02—Synthesis of the oxirane ring
- C07D301/03—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds
- C07D301/04—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen
- C07D301/08—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase
- C07D301/10—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Epoxy Compounds (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US39265702P | 2002-06-28 | 2002-06-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IN2004DE03867A true IN2004DE03867A (enExample) | 2009-11-20 |
Family
ID=30000913
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IN3867DE2004 IN2004DE03867A (enExample) | 2002-06-28 | 2004-12-06 | |
| IN3876DE2004 IN2004DE03876A (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2004-12-06 | A method for improving the selectivity of a catalyst and a process for the epoxidation of an olefin |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IN3876DE2004 IN2004DE03876A (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2004-12-06 | A method for improving the selectivity of a catalyst and a process for the epoxidation of an olefin |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7485597B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1517751B2 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP4537848B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR100980123B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN100512966C (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU2003243757A1 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR0312244B1 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2491523C (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE60332457D1 (enExample) |
| IN (2) | IN2004DE03867A (enExample) |
| MX (1) | MX256050B (enExample) |
| RU (1) | RU2314156C2 (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TWI317651B (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2004002954A2 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (66)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003243757A1 (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-19 | Shell Oil Company | A method for improving the selectivity of a catalyst and a process for the epoxidation of an olefin |
| US8148555B2 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2012-04-03 | Shell Oil Company | Method for improving the selectivity of a catalyst and a process for the epoxidation of an olefin |
| US7521393B2 (en) * | 2004-07-27 | 2009-04-21 | Süd-Chemie Inc | Selective hydrogenation catalyst designed for raw gas feed streams |
| US7759284B2 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2010-07-20 | Scientific Design Company, Inc. | Calcination in an inert gas in the presence of a small concentration of an oxidizing component |
| US20070197801A1 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-08-23 | Bolk Jeroen W | Method of installing an epoxidation catalyst in a reactor, a method of preparing an epoxidation catalyst, an epoxidation catalyst, a process for the preparation of an olefin oxide or a chemical derivable from an olefin oxide, and a reactor suitables for such a process |
| US20070203352A1 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-08-30 | Bolk Jeroen W | Method Of Installing An Epoxidation Catalyst In A Reactor, A Method Of Preparing An Epoxidation Catalyst, An Epoxidation Catalyst, A Process For The Preparation Of An Olefin Oxide Or A Chemical Derivable From An Olefin Oxide, And A Reactor Suitable For Such A Process |
| US20070203350A1 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-08-30 | Bolk Jeroen W | Method Of Installing An Epoxidation Catalyst In A Reactor, A Method Of Preparing An Epoxidation Catalyst, An Epoxidation Catalyst, A Process For The Preparation Of An Olefin Oxide Or A Chemical Derivable From An Olefin Oxide, And A Reactor Suitable For Such A Process |
| US20070213545A1 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-09-13 | Bolk Jeroen W | Method Of Installing An Epoxidation Catalyst In A Reactor, A Method Of Preparing An Epoxidation Catalyst, An Epoxidation Catalyst, A Process For The Preparation Of An Olefin Oxide Or A Chemical Derivable From An Olefin Oxide, And A Reactor Suitable For Such A Process |
| FR2895404A1 (fr) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-06-29 | Shell Int Research | Procede de preparation d'un oxyde d'olefine ou d'un produit chimique pouvant provenir d'un oxyde d'olefine |
| US20070154377A1 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-07-05 | Rekers Dominicus M | Process for the removal of combustible volatile contaminant materials from a process stream |
| US20070197808A1 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-08-23 | Bolk Jeroen W | Method Of Installing An Epoxidation Catalyst In A Reactor, A Method Of Preparing An Epoxidation Catalyst, An Epoxidation Catalyst, A Process For The Preparation Of An Olefin Oxide Or A Chemical Derivable From An Olefin Oxide, And A Reactor Suitable For Such A Process |
| US7459589B2 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2008-12-02 | Shell Oil Company | Process for the preparation of an alkylene glycol |
| US20070151451A1 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-07-05 | Rekers Dominicus M | Process for the cooling, concentration or purification of ethylene oxide |
| US7750170B2 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2010-07-06 | Shell Oil Company | Process for mixing an oxidant having explosive potential with a hydrocarbon |
| TW200738332A (en) * | 2006-02-03 | 2007-10-16 | Shell Int Research | A process for treating a catalyst, the catalyst, and use of the catalyst |
| US7553795B2 (en) | 2006-03-21 | 2009-06-30 | Sd Lizenzverwertungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg | Activation of high selectivity ethylene oxide catalyst |
| CN101360562B (zh) * | 2006-04-10 | 2013-02-06 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 环氧乙烷制造用催化剂及其制造方法、以及环氧乙烷的制造方法 |
| EP1955766A4 (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2013-02-13 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | CATALYST FOR ETHYLENE OXIDE GENERATION, PRODUCTION METHOD AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ETHYLENE OXIDE |
| US8097557B2 (en) | 2006-08-08 | 2012-01-17 | Sd Lizenverwertungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg | Two-stage calcination for catalyst production |
| JP4267015B2 (ja) | 2006-09-29 | 2009-05-27 | 株式会社日本触媒 | エチレンオキシド製造用触媒およびエチレンオキシドの製造方法 |
| US8501664B2 (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2013-08-06 | Shell Oil Company | Process for treating a carrier, a process for preparing a catalyst, the catalyst, and use of the catalyst |
| US20080154052A1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Jeroen Willem Bolk | Method of installing an epoxidation catalyst in a reactor, a method of preparing an epoxidation catalyst, an epoxidation catalyst, a process for the preparation of an olefin oxide or a chemical derivable from an olefin oxide, and a reactor suitable for such a process |
| US20080154051A1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Jeroen Willem Bolk | Method of installing an epoxidation catalyst in a reactor, a method of preparing an epoxidation catalyst, an epoxidation catalyst, a process for the preparation of an olefin oxide or a chemical derivable from an olefin oxide, and a reactor suitable for such a process |
| WO2008105469A1 (ja) * | 2007-02-27 | 2008-09-04 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | 排ガス処理用触媒および排ガス処理方法 |
| TWI464154B (zh) | 2007-05-09 | 2014-12-11 | Shell Int Research | 製備烯烴氧化物、1,2-二醇、1,2-二醇醚、1,2-碳酸酯或烷醇胺之方法 |
| EP2152681B1 (en) * | 2007-05-09 | 2017-03-29 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | An epoxidation catalyst, a process for preparing the catalyst, and a process for the production of an olefin oxide, a 1,2-diol, a 1,2-diol ether, a 1,2-carbonate, or an alkanolamine |
| TWI446964B (zh) | 2007-05-09 | 2014-08-01 | Shell Int Research | 環氧化催化劑,製備該催化劑之方法及製備烯烴氧化物、1,2-二醇、1,2-二醇醚、1,2-碳酸酯或烷醇胺之方法 |
| US7696368B2 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2010-04-13 | Sd Lizenzverwertungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg | Start-up of high selectivity catalysts in olefin oxide plants |
| CA2686852A1 (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2008-11-27 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | A reactor system, an absorbent and a process for reacting a feed |
| US7507845B1 (en) * | 2007-08-27 | 2009-03-24 | Sd Lizenzverwertungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co Kg | Process for production of an olefin oxide |
| US7714152B2 (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2010-05-11 | Sd Lizenzverwertungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg | Carrier for olefin oxide catalyst |
| US7553980B2 (en) † | 2007-09-26 | 2009-06-30 | Sd Lizenzverwertungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg | Process for initiating a highly selective ethylene oxide catalyst |
| JP5868703B2 (ja) | 2008-05-07 | 2016-02-24 | シエル・インターナシヨナル・リサーチ・マートスハツペイ・ベー・ヴエー | オレフィンオキシド、1,2−ジオール、1,2−ジオールエーテル、1,2−カーボネートまたはアルカノールアミンの製造方法 |
| CN102056909B (zh) | 2008-05-07 | 2014-03-05 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 环氧化工艺的开车方法及环氧乙烷、1,2-二醇、1,2-二醇醚、1,2-碳酸酯或链烷醇胺的制备方法 |
| JP5328452B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-31 | 2013-10-30 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 酸化エチレン製造用触媒の担体、酸化エチレン製造用触媒および酸化エチレンの製造方法 |
| US9090577B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2015-07-28 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Catalyst for producing ethylene oxide and method for producing ethylene oxide |
| CN102421766B (zh) | 2009-04-21 | 2015-03-25 | 陶氏技术投资有限公司 | 提高铼助催化的环氧化催化剂的效率的方法以及使用它们的环氧化方法 |
| KR20120003942A (ko) | 2009-04-21 | 2012-01-11 | 다우 테크놀로지 인베스트먼츠 엘엘씨. | 레늄-촉진된 에폭시화 촉매, 및 이의 제조 및 사용 방법 |
| CA2783604C (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2018-05-01 | Scientific Design Company, Inc. | Process for epoxidation start-up |
| US20110152073A1 (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-23 | Scientific Design Company, Inc. | Epoxidation process and microstructure |
| CN102666515B (zh) | 2009-12-23 | 2015-05-20 | 科学设计公司 | 高选择性氧化乙烯催化剂启动的方法 |
| TW201208763A (en) | 2010-05-17 | 2012-03-01 | Scient Design Co | Method for making a highly selective ethylene oxide catalyst |
| TW201213013A (en) | 2010-05-17 | 2012-04-01 | Scient Design Co | Method for preparing an epoxidation catalyst |
| US8586769B2 (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2013-11-19 | Scientific Design Company, Inc. | Carrier for ethylene oxide catalysts |
| RU2581365C2 (ru) | 2010-09-29 | 2016-04-20 | Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. | Способ получения этиленоксида с улучшенным регулированием |
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| US8742146B2 (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2014-06-03 | Shell Oil Company | Process for improving the selectivity of an EO catalyst |
| CA2819233C (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2019-11-26 | Dow Technology Investments Llc | Method of starting-up a process of producing an alkylene oxide using a high-efficiency catalyst |
| CN102558099B (zh) * | 2010-12-29 | 2014-11-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 由乙烯生产环氧乙烷的方法 |
| JP5656708B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-24 | 2015-01-21 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 使用後のエチレンオキシド製造用触媒からの活性成分の回収方法及び回収された成分を用いた触媒の製造方法。 |
| JP5656709B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-24 | 2015-01-21 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 使用後のエチレンオキシド製造用触媒からの活性成分の回収方法および回収された成分を用いた触媒の製造方法。 |
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| EP2714670B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2022-03-02 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Process for improving the selectivity of an eo catalyst |
| CN104203931A (zh) * | 2011-10-18 | 2014-12-10 | 哈桑·伊萨·阿拉哈迈迪 | 具有添加缓和剂的环氧化方法 |
| JP6054980B2 (ja) * | 2011-10-31 | 2016-12-27 | ダウ テクノロジー インベストメンツ リミティド ライアビリティー カンパニー | エポキシ化触媒を製造する方法、及び該触媒を用いたエポキシ化法 |
| CN104884443B (zh) | 2012-12-31 | 2017-07-04 | 科学设计公司 | 用于环氧乙烷催化剂的启动方法 |
| EP2938435A4 (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2016-10-05 | Scient Design Co | CALCINATION PROCESS FOR PREPARING AN IMPROVED ETHYLENE OXIDE CATALYST |
| CN104707592B (zh) * | 2013-12-12 | 2017-07-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种用于银催化剂的α‑氧化铝载体的制备方法 |
| EP3087061B1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2018-04-11 | Scientific Design Company Inc. | Epoxidation process |
| RU2578601C1 (ru) * | 2015-02-24 | 2016-03-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Кемеровский государственный университет" (КемГУ) | Способ получения серебряного катализатора на пористом носителе |
| US9776169B2 (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2017-10-03 | Scientific Design Company, Inc. | Porous bodies with enhanced pore architecture |
| CN106311233B (zh) * | 2015-07-02 | 2019-05-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 提高银催化剂的初期选择性的方法和烯烃环氧化方法 |
| CN107442109B (zh) * | 2016-06-01 | 2020-05-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种银催化剂载体、其制备方法及应用 |
| EP3548471B1 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2021-05-19 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Methods for conditioning an ethylene epoxidation catalyst and associated methods for the production of ethylene oxide |
| US10449520B2 (en) | 2017-05-15 | 2019-10-22 | Scientific Design Company, Inc. | Porous bodies with enhanced crush strength |
| US11931725B2 (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2024-03-19 | Scientific Design Company, Inc. | Ethylene oxide high selectivity catalyst conditioning process |
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2003
- 2003-06-24 AU AU2003243757A patent/AU2003243757A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-24 BR BRPI0312244-1B1A patent/BR0312244B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2003-06-24 WO PCT/US2003/019827 patent/WO2004002954A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-06-24 CA CA2491523A patent/CA2491523C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-24 DE DE60332457T patent/DE60332457D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-24 CN CNB038153084A patent/CN100512966C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-24 RU RU2005102076/04A patent/RU2314156C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-06-24 EP EP03761992.1A patent/EP1517751B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-24 JP JP2004517758A patent/JP4537848B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-24 KR KR1020047021330A patent/KR100980123B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-24 MX MXPA04012745 patent/MX256050B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2003-06-26 TW TW092117429A patent/TWI317651B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-06-26 US US10/606,440 patent/US7485597B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-12-06 IN IN3867DE2004 patent/IN2004DE03867A/en unknown
- 2004-12-06 IN IN3876DE2004 patent/IN2004DE03876A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR0312244A (pt) | 2005-04-12 |
| KR100980123B1 (ko) | 2010-09-03 |
| RU2314156C2 (ru) | 2008-01-10 |
| WO2004002954A3 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
| US20040049061A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
| RU2005102076A (ru) | 2005-07-10 |
| CA2491523C (en) | 2013-01-08 |
| AU2003243757A1 (en) | 2004-01-19 |
| KR20050016905A (ko) | 2005-02-21 |
| TW200407198A (en) | 2004-05-16 |
| JP2006504510A (ja) | 2006-02-09 |
| AU2003243757A8 (en) | 2004-01-19 |
| MXPA04012745A (es) | 2005-11-17 |
| BR0312244B1 (pt) | 2013-06-25 |
| DE60332457D1 (de) | 2010-06-17 |
| MX256050B (es) | 2008-04-07 |
| EP1517751A2 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
| IN2004DE03876A (en) | 2009-11-20 |
| EP1517751B2 (en) | 2016-06-01 |
| CN100512966C (zh) | 2009-07-15 |
| EP1517751B1 (en) | 2010-05-05 |
| TWI317651B (en) | 2009-12-01 |
| JP4537848B2 (ja) | 2010-09-08 |
| CN1665594A (zh) | 2005-09-07 |
| WO2004002954A2 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
| CA2491523A1 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
| US7485597B2 (en) | 2009-02-03 |