IL121321A - Mixtures of organosilane polysulphanes and their uses - Google Patents
Mixtures of organosilane polysulphanes and their usesInfo
- Publication number
- IL121321A IL121321A IL12132197A IL12132197A IL121321A IL 121321 A IL121321 A IL 121321A IL 12132197 A IL12132197 A IL 12132197A IL 12132197 A IL12132197 A IL 12132197A IL 121321 A IL121321 A IL 121321A
- Authority
- IL
- Israel
- Prior art keywords
- mixtures
- parts
- compounds
- rubber
- proportion
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 48
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical group S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- VTHOKNTVYKTUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyltetrasulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCSSSSCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC VTHOKNTVYKTUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 3
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWRCNXZUPFZXOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diphenylguanidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=N)NC1=CC=CC=C1 OWRCNXZUPFZXOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001441571 Hiodontidae Species 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011325 microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DEQZTKGFXNUBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)cyclohexanamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NSC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2S1 DEQZTKGFXNUBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920002587 poly(1,3-butadiene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005369 trialkoxysilyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FBBATURSCRIBHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyldisulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCSSCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC FBBATURSCRIBHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K5/548—Silicon-containing compounds containing sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Silicon Polymers (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19628904 | 1996-07-18 | ||
| DE19702046A DE19702046A1 (de) | 1996-07-18 | 1997-01-22 | Gemische von Organosilanpolysulfanen und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von diese Gemische enthaltenden Kautschukmischungen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IL121321A0 IL121321A0 (en) | 1998-01-04 |
| IL121321A true IL121321A (en) | 2001-08-08 |
Family
ID=26027619
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL12132197A IL121321A (en) | 1996-07-18 | 1997-07-16 | Mixtures of organosilane polysulphanes and their uses |
Country Status (21)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6194594B1 (ru) |
| EP (1) | EP0819694B1 (ru) |
| JP (1) | JP4095695B2 (ru) |
| CN (1) | CN1089766C (ru) |
| AT (1) | ATE225354T1 (ru) |
| AU (1) | AU723875B2 (ru) |
| BR (1) | BR9704414A (ru) |
| CA (1) | CA2210780C (ru) |
| CZ (1) | CZ294761B6 (ru) |
| EG (1) | EG20977A (ru) |
| ES (1) | ES2184929T3 (ru) |
| HR (1) | HRP970388B1 (ru) |
| HU (1) | HU218965B (ru) |
| ID (1) | ID17539A (ru) |
| IL (1) | IL121321A (ru) |
| PL (1) | PL189846B1 (ru) |
| PT (1) | PT819694E (ru) |
| RU (1) | RU2189986C2 (ru) |
| SK (1) | SK283278B6 (ru) |
| TR (1) | TR199700642A2 (ru) |
| TW (1) | TW440592B (ru) |
Families Citing this family (33)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3369883B2 (ja) * | 1996-08-26 | 2003-01-20 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | ゴム組成物および空気入りタイヤ |
| EP0881257B1 (en) | 1996-12-16 | 2002-11-27 | Bridgestone Corporation | Rubber composition and pneumatic tires produced therefrom |
| JP3445484B2 (ja) * | 1997-12-22 | 2003-09-08 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | ゴム組成物およびそれを用いた空気入りタイヤ |
| US6057449A (en) * | 1998-06-02 | 2000-05-02 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation | Direct preparation of pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrroles |
| DE19905820A1 (de) * | 1998-10-27 | 2000-05-04 | Degussa | Schwefelfunktionelle Polyorganosilane |
| US6228929B1 (en) * | 1999-09-16 | 2001-05-08 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Electrically conductive rubber composition and article of manufacture, including tire, having component thereof |
| DE19950608A1 (de) * | 1999-10-21 | 2001-05-03 | Degussa | Organosiliziumverbindung, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
| DE10019554A1 (de) * | 2000-04-18 | 2001-10-31 | Degussa | Abmischungen von mindestens einem Füllstoff und Organosiliciumverbindungen, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
| WO2002010271A2 (en) * | 2000-07-31 | 2002-02-07 | Bridgestone Corporation | Properties of silica-filled rubber compounds with disulfane silica coupling agents at high mixing temperature |
| EP1180522A1 (de) * | 2000-08-18 | 2002-02-20 | Degussa AG | Gemische von Alkoxysilyl-Propyl-Polysulfanen und Kautschukmischungen, die diese Gemische enthalten |
| US6359046B1 (en) * | 2000-09-08 | 2002-03-19 | Crompton Corporation | Hydrocarbon core polysulfide silane coupling agents for filled elastomer compositions |
| US6525128B2 (en) * | 2001-02-01 | 2003-02-25 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Composition of organophosphite, isobutylene copolymer and silica and tire thereof |
| JP4035690B2 (ja) * | 2001-04-06 | 2008-01-23 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 有機珪素化合物の製造方法 |
| JP4543630B2 (ja) * | 2003-07-29 | 2010-09-15 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | ゴム組成物 |
| PL1957425T3 (pl) * | 2005-12-09 | 2012-06-29 | Shell Int Research | Sposób wytwarzania cementu siarkowego lub kompozytu cement siarkowy-kruszywo |
| DE102006059530A1 (de) * | 2006-12-16 | 2008-06-19 | Continental Aktiengesellschaft | Kautschukmischung und Reifen |
| US7960460B2 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2011-06-14 | Momentive Performance Materials, Inc. | Free-flowing filler composition and rubber composition containing same |
| US8592506B2 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2013-11-26 | Continental Ag | Tire compositions and components containing blocked mercaptosilane coupling agent |
| US7968635B2 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2011-06-28 | Continental Ag | Tire compositions and components containing free-flowing filler compositions |
| US7696269B2 (en) | 2006-12-28 | 2010-04-13 | Momentive Performance Materials Inc. | Silated core polysulfides, their preparation and use in filled elastomer compositions |
| US7968633B2 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2011-06-28 | Continental Ag | Tire compositions and components containing free-flowing filler compositions |
| US7687558B2 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2010-03-30 | Momentive Performance Materials Inc. | Silated cyclic core polysulfides, their preparation and use in filled elastomer compositions |
| US7968636B2 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2011-06-28 | Continental Ag | Tire compositions and components containing silated cyclic core polysulfides |
| US7737202B2 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2010-06-15 | Momentive Performance Materials Inc. | Free-flowing filler composition and rubber composition containing same |
| US7781606B2 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2010-08-24 | Momentive Performance Materials Inc. | Blocked mercaptosilane coupling agents, process for making and uses in rubber |
| US7968634B2 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2011-06-28 | Continental Ag | Tire compositions and components containing silated core polysulfides |
| JP5193470B2 (ja) * | 2007-01-12 | 2013-05-08 | 東レ・ダウコーニング株式会社 | ビス（シラトラニルアルキル）ポリスルフィド等の製造方法およびビス（シラトラニルアルキル）ポリスルフィド等の混合物 |
| DK2155624T3 (da) * | 2007-06-07 | 2019-06-03 | Shell Int Research | Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et svovlcementprodukt |
| CA2689963A1 (en) * | 2007-06-07 | 2008-12-11 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Modified sulphur and product comprising modified sulphur as binder |
| US8623130B2 (en) * | 2009-01-29 | 2014-01-07 | Shell Oil Company | Sulphur cement pre-composition and sulphur cement product |
| JP6026902B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-30 | 2016-11-16 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | タイヤ用ゴム組成物及び空気入りタイヤ |
| DE102014209226A1 (de) * | 2014-05-15 | 2015-11-19 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Harnstoffhaltige Silane, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
| JP6378100B2 (ja) | 2015-01-28 | 2018-08-22 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | タイヤ用ゴム組成物およびタイヤ |
Family Cites Families (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3873489A (en) * | 1971-08-17 | 1975-03-25 | Degussa | Rubber compositions containing silica and an organosilane |
| DE2360471A1 (de) * | 1973-12-05 | 1975-06-12 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von polysulfidbruecken enthaltenden alkylalkoxisilanen |
| DE2856229A1 (de) * | 1978-12-27 | 1980-07-03 | Degussa | Bis-(silylaethyl)-oligosulfide und verfahren zur herstellung derselben |
| DE3226091C2 (de) | 1982-07-13 | 1986-11-20 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Polymere Di-, Tri- oder Tetrasulfide, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Verwendung |
| DE3569929D1 (en) * | 1985-02-08 | 1989-06-08 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Coupling agent for the preparation of vulcanisates having a good filler-rubber adhesion |
| JPS6267092A (ja) * | 1985-09-20 | 1987-03-26 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | ポリスルフィド基含有オルガノシリコーン化合物 |
| JPS6341508A (ja) * | 1986-08-07 | 1988-02-22 | Sunstar Giken Kk | 紫外線硬化性組成物 |
| JP3543352B2 (ja) * | 1994-02-16 | 2004-07-14 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 含硫黄有機珪素化合物の製造方法 |
| US5405985A (en) | 1994-07-08 | 1995-04-11 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Preparation of sulfur-containing organosilicon compounds |
| US5468893A (en) | 1994-07-08 | 1995-11-21 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Preparation of sulfur-containing organosilicon compounds |
| US5466848A (en) * | 1994-09-28 | 1995-11-14 | Osi Specialties, Inc. | Process for the preparation of silane polysulfides |
| US5674932A (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 1997-10-07 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Silica reinforced rubber composition and use in tires |
| US5580919A (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 1996-12-03 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Silica reinforced rubber composition and use in tires |
| US5596116A (en) | 1995-09-11 | 1997-01-21 | Osi Specialties, Inc. | Process for the preparation of silane polysulfides |
| DE19541404A1 (de) | 1995-11-07 | 1997-05-15 | Degussa | Verfahren zur selektiven Synthese von Silylalkyldisulfiden |
| US5698619A (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1997-12-16 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Aminosilane compounds in silica-filled rubber compositions |
| US5663396A (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 1997-09-02 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Preparation of sulfur-containing organosilicon compounds |
| US5684172A (en) * | 1997-02-11 | 1997-11-04 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Process for the preparation of organosilicon polysulfide compounds |
| US5684171A (en) * | 1997-02-11 | 1997-11-04 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Process for the preparation of organosilicon polysulfide compounds |
-
1997
- 1997-07-02 ES ES97110969T patent/ES2184929T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-02 AT AT97110969T patent/ATE225354T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-02 PT PT97110969T patent/PT819694E/pt unknown
- 1997-07-02 EP EP97110969A patent/EP0819694B1/de not_active Revoked
- 1997-07-07 ID IDP972346A patent/ID17539A/id unknown
- 1997-07-07 US US08/889,136 patent/US6194594B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-08 EG EG64297A patent/EG20977A/xx active
- 1997-07-14 CZ CZ19972224A patent/CZ294761B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-15 TR TR97/00642A patent/TR199700642A2/xx unknown
- 1997-07-15 TW TW086109993A patent/TW440592B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-16 SK SK967-97A patent/SK283278B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-16 IL IL12132197A patent/IL121321A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-16 PL PL97321154A patent/PL189846B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-17 CA CA002210780A patent/CA2210780C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-07-17 CN CN97114721A patent/CN1089766C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-17 HR HR970388A patent/HRP970388B1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-17 HU HU9701224A patent/HU218965B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-17 AU AU28721/97A patent/AU723875B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-07-18 RU RU97113373/04A patent/RU2189986C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-18 BR BR9704414A patent/BR9704414A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-18 JP JP19389097A patent/JP4095695B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FF | Patent granted | ||
| KB | Patent renewed | ||
| KB | Patent renewed | ||
| MM9K | Patent not in force due to non-payment of renewal fees |