FR3121460A1 - PREFABRICATED CORNER CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

Prefabricated angle construction element having the shape of an angle iron with two flanges, of equal or unequal width, forming between them a non-zero angle, ready to install at the level of either re-entrant or projecting angles, preferably inside the envelope of the building, horizontally or vertically, either between two walls, or between a wall and the floor or the ceiling or the roof, or in the roof, said construction element consisting of at least one insulator and one facing linked together. Such prefabricated corner elements are intended to be placed at the corners in addition to complex insulation panels so as to cooperate with said panels made of the same materials, in particular insulation and facing, and having the same dimensional characteristics and particularly mechanical and thermal performance so as to form a homogeneous lining. FIGURE FOR THE ABRIDGE [Fig 1]

Description

Precast corner building element.

The present invention relates to the interior insulation of buildings by complex panels formed of at least one facing and one insulator connected together, in particular according to the technique known as bonded lining. It relates to a prefabricated corner element intended to be placed at the inward or outward angles of the walls and/or partitions, junctions between vertical and horizontal parts, or in the roof, on the one hand and a method for carrying it out , on the other hand.

The current state of the art for the interior thermal insulation of the building envelope often provides for the implementation of complex panels consisting of at least one insulator generally bonded by gluing to a facing plate.

These panels can in particular be placed directly against the structural elements, for example by gluing using an adhesive mortar or on uprights.

The complex panels called bonded lining have become essential for the interior insulation of buildings, particularly in new construction, due to their simplicity and speed of installation, the space saving compared to insulating systems placed on uprights, and their mechanical durability. and thermal.

There is a wide variety of such panels. The facings are generally made of plasterboard with thinned edges, of standard quality or resistant to humidity or fire, for example. They can also be made of wood or other materials such as mixtures of cellulose fibers and gypsum or cement. The insulators are very generally made of synthetic foam and in particular polystyrene or polyurethane. It is also possible to use mineral wool or foam.

The common technique for laying bonded lining panels is the so-called “advanced” technique. The panels are laid successively and edge to edge, following each other along the structural work. At the angles, for example between a first and a second wall, the panels are placed in two intersecting planes, the lateral edge of a first panel placed along a first wall abutting against the second wall, while the edge side of a second panel placed against the second wall abuts against the first panel. The objective is to reduce as much as possible, at this angle, the vacant spaces between the panels, on the one hand, and between the panels and the structural work, on the other hand.

The realization of these angles according to the current technique is in fact complex and difficult. The cutting of these thick panels and formed of at least two materials is a long, relatively difficult and delicate operation, in particular with the objective that the face resulting from the cut forms a plane which is uniform and perpendicular to the panel, and which, once the panel is installed and adjusted, cooperates ideally with the panel or the wall against which it abuts so as to ensure effective insulation and the absence of air infiltration.

The installation and in particular the positioning of the adjacent panels between them so as to adjust the doubling in a satisfactory manner (squareness, plumb, alignment and flush), must be carried out with care and requires time, good tools and a certain application.

Construction defects can seriously compromise the aesthetics as well as the performance, particularly thermal and acoustic, or even the durability of the structure. The craftsmen can thus waste precious time cutting and then adjusting the panels between them, at the level of the angles made according to the current technique. Thus, the time taken to make such angles represents a very significant part of the total cost of installing complex insulation panels.

Moreover, the current laying technique involves the high risk that the facing of the panel abutting against the structural work is in contact with the support and very generally directly with the structural work at least over a portion of its length. This linear contact is at the origin of a structural linear thermal bridge at the origin of high thermal losses of the building. The thermal bridge thus formed can be the cause of the condensation of water vapor and then cause nuisance or even significant damage that can compromise the structure. Finally, and in particular due to the characteristics of the materials used for the facing, in particular wood, cellulose fibre, gypsum or plaster, which are highly hydrophilic, it also constitutes a weak point due to its ability to absorb humidity coming from from the outside of the building in the event of infiltration in the structural work, then to deform, even to disintegrate.

Apparently simple, the current technique of laying in advance is in fact difficult to implement at the level of the angles, constitutes a very significant part of the laying time and induces structural fragility resulting from the contact between the facing and the structural work, at the origin of a point of contact and thermal bridge resulting in reduced thermal performance, a risk of condensation and water infiltration.

An object of the present invention is therefore to reduce the time of installation and realization of interior insulation systems, in particular according to the technique known as glued lining, by the implementation of prefabricated corner construction elements having a shape of angle made up of two flanges of equal or unequal widths, forming a non-zero angle between them, most often equal to 90°, and made up of at least one insulator and one facing connected to each other, and intended to be placed at the level angles between walls or between horizontal and vertical parts or in the roof as a substitute at the level of the angles of the current technique of installation in advance according to two secant planes.

Another goal is to reduce the overall cost of insulation systems using such complex panels.

Another aim is to improve the quality of construction and in particular of the adjustment of the insulation elements between them (squareness, plumb, alignment, flush) at the level of the angles and thus to contribute to improving the durability and the aesthetics of the work.

Another goal is to improve the thermal performance of interior insulation solutions by eliminating the thermal bridge resulting from the contact of one of the facings with the support and generally the structural work at the corners.

Another goal is to reduce the fragility of the structure and thus improve its durability by removing this point of contact between the facing and the structural work likely to allow condensation or the infiltration of humidity.

Finally, another goal is to improve the acoustic performance by eliminating this point of contact likely to transmit acoustic vibrations.

To this end, the object of the invention is a prefabricated angle construction element having the shape of an angle iron with two wings, of equal or unequal width, forming between them a non-zero angle, the upper and lower sides of which are parallel to each other. and perpendicular to the edge of the angle between the two wings, the longitudinal sections which border the wings form planes perpendicular respectively to their wings and to the upper and lower sections, and the sections of each wing located respectively inside and outside the angle are parallel to each other, the said corner element being ready to be installed at the level of either re-entrant or projecting angles, preferably inside the building envelope, horizontally or vertical, either between two walls, or between a wall and the floor or the ceiling or the roof, or in the roof, the said construction element consisting of at least one insulating material and one facing linked together, the said ement being intended to be optionally covered with a finishing layer and constitutes one of the visible faces of said element, either the inner face of a corner element of the re-entrant type (1), or the outer face of a corner element of outgoing type (2).

Such prefabricated corner elements are intended to be placed at the corners in addition to complex insulation panels so as to cooperate with said panels made of the same materials, in particular insulation and facing, and having the same dimensional characteristics and particularly mechanical and thermal performance so as to form a homogeneous lining.

The facing layer of such elements may preferably be composed of plasterboard, fiber-gypsum board or wood, for example of the OSB or plywood type, or of a mineral-based material of the cement type for example.

The thickness of the facing material will be from 4 to 30 mm.

To form the facing layer, either two rectangular plates will be used which will be assembled along two intersecting planes or a rectangular plate bent along its length so as to form an angle iron having two wings of equal or unequal widths and forming a non-zero angle between them. .

In particular if the facing material is made of plasterboard, preferably of the type having tapered edges, it may possibly be cut to the desired size and then possibly smashed, for example with a tool having a milling cutter or any equivalent tool. to form a rectilinear groove along its entire length, parallel to its lateral edges, the section of which forms an isosceles triangle, the vertex of which is located in the plane between the plaster and the cardboard on the other side respectively not visible or visible from the said plasterboard, so as to maintain continuity of the strip of cardboard at the edge of the said groove and allow the plate to be folded along the said edge until the sides of the said groove are brought into contact on their entire surface to form an angle iron having two flanges of equal or unequal width. Depending on whether the corner element to be made is to be placed at a re-entrant or projecting angle, the groove will be made respectively on the visible or non-visible face of the plasterboard. The angle between the wings of the element thus formed will be between 10° and 170° and very generally 90°.

The insulating layer of such a prefabricated element will comprise at least one of the following materials: expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, polyurethane foam, phenolic foam, poly-isocyanate foam, mineral wool or foam, airgel or a vacuum insulation panel. .

Two rectangular panels, preferably of the same insulating material, will preferably be fixed by gluing to the facing layer according to two intersecting planes either inside or outside the angle formed by the facing layer, so that the surfaces of facing and insulation in contact are perfectly contiguous and do not present, after fixing, neither shrinkage nor overflow with respect to each other.

During the manufacturing process, another material, for example coating, may possibly be added either between the insulation and the facing or on the other side of the insulation.

The thickness of the insulation will preferably be between 2 and 30 cm.

The length of each layer and in particular of facing and insulation and of the entire prefabricated element will be equal and preferably between 1 and 4 meters.

The outer width of each flange of a precast element measured from the outer edge of the corner to the edge of the element will be between 5 and 115 cm.

The corner element thus manufactured, the layers of facing and insulation overlap completely, without protrusion and without forming the slightest gap between them. Furthermore, the edges of the wings of the corner element respectively form planes perpendicular to the respective planes of said wings of the element, as well as with the upper and lower sides of the elements, so as to be able to cooperate ideally, once placed, with the complex insulation panels with which they are intended to be installed without it being systematically necessary to add grouting material, with the exception of any defects in the building frame making it difficult to adjust the lining elements with said corner element.

The has a prefabricated angle construction element (1) of the type intended to be implemented for a re-entrant corner and the presents a plasterboard with two tapered edges (10) for the manufacture of such an element.

The has a prefabricated corner construction element (2) of the type intended to be implemented for an outgoing corner and the presents a plasterboard with two tapered edges (20) for the manufacture of such an element.

According to a first particular embodiment, the prefabricated corner construction element (1) will be made with a facing layer (10) composed of a facing material and an insulating layer composed of an insulating material (11 ), and will be intended to be implemented in a re-entrant corner ( and 2).

According to this first embodiment, the facing layer (10) will be made from standard BA13 type plasterboard (9), with 2 thinned edges (100), 12.5 mm thick, 60 cm wide and 260 cm long, and the insulating layer (11) will be made from expanded polystyrene plates enriched with graphite, 14 cm thick, 260 cm long.

A rectilinear groove (12) will be produced over its entire length, parallel to its lateral edges, of triangular section on the visible flat face (101) of the plasterboard (9), that is to say on the face whose edges are thinned (100), in the middle position with respect to its two thinned edges, by means of a mechanically guided milling tool, the plate being placed on a perfectly flat machining table. Milling is carried out in such a way as to leave intact the strip of cardboard on the non-visible side (102), in contact with the machining table. It is executed with a milling cutter whose solid angle makes it possible to form a groove whose section forms an isosceles triangle, with an angle of 90° ± 3° at its main vertex.

Glue will be added to said groove (12) before being folded back and the two edges of the groove (120) will be brought together so that the formed facing layer (10) has the shape of an angle iron. right angle.

After the glue has dried, it is possible to add a filler intended for jointing the plasterboards, with or without a strip of paper, along the groove, at the level of the inner edge (13) of the facing layer (10) .

In the insulation plates, a first rectangular element 30 cm wide (110) and a second rectangular element 44 cm (111) will be cut.

To form the insulating layer (11), the first and second rectangular insulating elements (110) and (111) will be assembled and glued together along two intersecting planes, on the same face of the facing formed by the non-visible face ( 102) of the plasterboard, on the outside of the angle of the corner element, so as to completely cover the surface of the facing layer (10) without forming any vacant interstice, without forming any overhang or recess with the facing.

The reentrant corner element thus formed has the general shape of an angle iron, the wings of which have an angle of 90° between them, a length of approximately 260 cm, a thickness of approximately 15.25 cm, each of its wings having a same width as measured on the exterior face of the angle of approximately 44 cm and the same width as measured on the interior face of the angle of approximately 28.75 cm.

This corner element can be used in building construction to be placed at a re-entrant angle, in particular in an interior lining system with complex panels called bonded lining which implement complex panels having a similar structure and in particular a length of 260 cm, a thickness of 15.25 cm, and made of the same type of expanded polystyrene insulation enriched with graphite 14 cm thick and the same types of standard BA13 type plasterboard having been used for the manufacture of said corner element.

Such a corner element can be placed at an angle like a glued lining panel, with adhesive mortar studs following a laser adjustment. After the studs have dried, the similar flat lining panels will be laid using the common technique known as advancing from the angle formed by the said corner element.

According to a second particular embodiment, the prefabricated corner construction element (2) will be made with a facing layer (20) made up of a facing material and an insulating layer made up (21) of an insulating material and will be intended to be implemented in an outgoing corner ( and 4).

According to this second embodiment, the facing layer (20) will be made from standard BA13 type plasterboard (19), with 2 thinned edges (200), 12.5 mm thick, 60 cm wide and 260 cm long, and the insulating layer (21) will be made from expanded polystyrene plates enriched with graphite, 14 cm thick, 260 cm long.

A rectilinear groove (22) will be produced over its entire length, parallel to its lateral edges, of triangular section on the non-visible flat face (202) of the plasterboard, that is to say on the face opposite that whose edges are thinned (200), in the middle position with respect to its two thinned edges by milling by means of a mechanically guided machining tool, the plate being placed on a perfectly flat machining table. The milling is carried out in such a way as to leave intact the strip of visible card stock (201), in contact with the machining table. It is executed with a milling cutter whose solid angle makes it possible to form a groove whose section forms an isosceles triangle, with an angle of 90° ± 3° at its main vertex.

Glue will be added in said groove before being folded back and the two edges (220) of the groove will be brought together so that the formed facing layer (10) has the shape of a right angle angle iron.

In the insulation plates, a first rectangular element 28.75 cm wide (211) and a second rectangular element 14.75 cm (210) will be cut.

The insulating layer (21) will be formed by assembling and gluing together and with the facing layer (20), the rectangular insulating elements (210) and (211) along two secant planes, on the same face of the facing formed by the non-visible face (202) of the plasterboard, inside the angle, so as to completely cover the surface of the facing without leaving any space there, without forming any overhang or setback with the facing.

The reentrant corner element thus formed (2) has the general shape of an angle iron whose wings form a right angle, a length of approximately 260 cm, a thickness of approximately 15.25 cm, each of its wings having the same width exterior of about 30 cm and the same interior width of about 14.75 cm.

This corner element can be used in building construction to be placed at an outgoing angle, in particular in an interior lining system with complex panels called bonded lining, the panels of which have a similar structure with in particular a length of 260 cm, a thickness of 15, 25 cm, and made up of the same type of graphite-enriched expanded polystyrene insulation 14 cm thick and standard BA13 type plasterboard used for the manufacture of said corner element.

Such a corner element can be placed at an angle like a glued lining panel, with adhesive mortar studs following a laser adjustment. After the studs have dried, the similar flat lining panels will be laid using the common technique known as advancing from the angle formed by the said corner element.

Claims (6)

a prefabricated corner construction element (1, 2) for use in building construction, said construction element comprising at least a first layer (11, 21) made of at least one insulating material, and at least a second layer (10, 20) fixed to the first layer and formed of at least one facing material, characterized in that it has the general shape of an angle iron comprising two equal or unequal flanges and forming a non-zero angle between them. a prefabricated corner construction element according to claim 1 characterized in that the facing layer comprises a plasterboard (9, 19) preferably with two thinned edges (100, 200), and the visible face (101, 201) of which, which has tapered edges and which is intended to be optionally covered with a finishing coat, constitutes one of the visible faces of said element, either the inner face of a corner element of the re-entrant type (1), or the outer face of an outgoing type corner element (2). a prefabricated corner building element according to claim 2 characterized in that a rectilinear groove (12, 22) is formed on the plasterboard (9, 19) either on the visible face (101) or on the non-visible face (202 ), over its entire length, parallel to its lateral edges, of triangular section, the edge of which is located in the plane between the plaster and the strip of cardboard on the other side, respectively not visible (102) or visible (201 ) of said plasterboard (9, 19), so as to maintain continuity of the strip of cardboard and allow the board to be folded around the edge of said groove so as to bring the opposite sides (120 , 220) of said groove over their entire surface. a prefabricated corner construction element according to claim 3 characterized in that the groove (12, 22) formed in the plasterboard (9, 19) is coated with glue before being folded over. a prefabricated corner building element according to claim 4 characterized in that a coating with or without strip is added along the intersection of the two wings of the facing layer (13), on the visible face. a prefabricated corner construction element according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the upper and lower faces of the corner element are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the edge of the angle between the two flanges, the longitudinal sections which border the wings form planes perpendicular respectively to their wings and to the upper and lower sections, and the sections of each wing located respectively inside and outside the angle are parallel to each other, the layers which constitute said corner element have no gap between them, nor withdrawal or overflow from one relative to the other.