FR3048009A3 - MOLD SYSTEM FOR THE FORMATION OF MONOLITHIC CONCRETE ELEMENTS - Google Patents

Abstract

System of molds for the formation of monolithic elements made of concrete, comprising panels (1) with perimeter tabs (3) provided with orifices (4, 5) for inserting means of union for fixing adjacent panels and semicircular slots (9) for interposing wall separators (25) which unite the panels on both sides of a wall (30), determining its thickness, or for forming the perimeter formwork (41) of the slab of foundation (40), constituting the various molds, as the case may be, as well as templates (44, 49) which provide the position of the installations and reinforcements (34) both for the foundation slab (40) and for the walls (30) of the construction, and beams or alignment beams (42, 59).

Description

MOLD SYSTEM FOR FORMING MONOLITHIC CONCRETE ELEMENTS

The invention, as described in this specification, refers to a system of molds for the formation of monolithic elements in concrete, which brings new advantages and features that lead to an improvement of the current state art.

The object of the present invention relates to a system of integrated molds for the formwork (understood as the set of elements it comprises) for the formation of structures or monolithic elements in reinforced concrete intended to conform to any type of construction, which system essentially comprises formwork panels having an interior surface with a perimeter tab which defines a box structure, and longitudinal and transverse reinforcements, as well as various parts and accessories for fastening successive panels and reinforcements. This system provides the builder with the ability to mount a wide variety of shapes and molds to build any architecture, as well as their symmetries, with enhancements that increase their versatility and automountability, as well as the greater strength, precision and lightness of the aforementioned panels compared to other known systems, which facilitates and reduces the time of assembly and disassembly.

The field of application of the present invention is in the construction sector, focusing particularly on the field of formwork systems based on molds formed by panels for the formation of elements and structures monolithic.

[0004] With reference to the current state of the art, it should be pointed out that, although many formwork systems are known for the formation of concrete structures as well as different types of formwork molds shaped according to the present invention. panels united between them, there are always aspects that can be improved, especially as regards the versatility and attachment means of the panels used. No system has the same technical, structural and constitutive characteristics as those specifically presented in the set that is claimed here, the essential objective of which is to provide an improved system over previously known systems.

The integrated mold system for the formation of monolithic elements in concrete for the constructions that the invention proposes is therefore configured as a novelty within its field of application, since given its implementation objectives. reported are satisfactorily achieved. The mold system for the formation of monolithic concrete elements, particularly for the formation of monolithic structures or elements of reinforced concrete for building constructions of any type, such as those with walls with a part concrete interior, an intermediate layer of thermal and acoustic insulation and a concrete outer part, as well as foundation slabs is characterized in that it comprises basic formwork panels with perimeter lugs with holes for the l insertion of joining means for securing the contiguous panels and semicircular slots for interposing wall separators which unite the panels on both sides of a wall, determining its thickness, or for forming the perimeter formwork of the slab of foundation, constituting the various molds, as the case, as well as templates that provide the position of the installations and armatur They are as much for the foundation slab as for the walls of the building, and beams or alignment beams.

Specifically, what the invention proposes, as noted above, is a system of integrated molds for the formwork for the formation of structures or monolithic elements in reinforced concrete for conforming constructions of n any type which has considerable improvements in its technical, structural and constitutive characteristics, compared to similar systems already known in the state of the art, which are novel and provide important advantages.

Specifically, one of the main advantages that provides the mold system of the invention is its versatility, which is due to the fact that all the parts it includes are designed so that they can have multiple positions and adaptations to the different necessities of any structure or any project.

Another advantage and improvement it brings, very important in thinking of the construction that is becoming increasingly necessary and with greater demands, is due to the insulating thermal and acoustic properties without limits that the it is obtained with the system of molds of the invention, which represents a construction with significant energy savings, in addition to a case of total safety and resistance to any climatological or vandalism problem, due to use reinforced concrete without size limits as the basic material.

For this, the mold system comprises a series of panels, parts, parts and accessories, which are described briefly below.

Specifically, the mold system essentially comprises the following elements: - templates, consisting of lattice structures, horizontal and vertical which are used as a guide, respectively, for the construction of foundation slabs and also for reinforcements scrap metal, facilities, etc., walls. These templates allow for fast and accurate construction, as they avoid the need for measurements and, therefore, errors. The reticular structure of the templates is tubular, very light and is designed so that they can operate symmetrically, namely, right and left, allowing, in addition, to incorporate or remove a portion of these to get to get any architecture or design. Mainly, two types of templates are envisaged, the slab templates, which are horizontal, which are fixed on the slab once the hardened concrete, used to place and center the rods which will be later united to the frame of the walls, and which also serve to incorporate abutment U-guides for the alignment of all the walls and partitions of the construction to be made; and wall templates or vertical templates that primarily report the measurements of all the frames or lattices, signaling the doors, windows and the height of the walls. They also report the centering devices for the various installations and will later coincide with the points indicated on the mold for their attachment to the latter, another of its functions being precisely to signal the position for the wall separators by means of perforations provided in said a template which will also coincide with the openings of the mold panels, showing whether an armature or installation obstructs the passage of said separator; - The perimeter formwork, which conforms with overlapping panels, makes it possible to build the foundation platforms with a total versatility as for the previously planned dimensions. Its alignment is easy, since said overlapping panels are also symmetrical and, together with the horizontal template, constitute a whole for the alignment, leveling and centering of all the installations and frames that make up a foundation; - formwork panels, which form the formwork system to form any structure or architectural element so complex as it may be. The panels are made from a surface with perimeter plates with a fold in the form of "L" which gives them great strength. They also have a series of reinforcements determined by a very thin omega-shaped sheet disposed longitudinally and transversely which provide them with great resistance. These reinforcements are welded to the sheet which constitutes the bottom surface, which has totally sharp edges so that the union between several panels does not form any mark during stripping; the eccentric union pieces, which constitute another advantageous element that the mold system of the invention has, which have a configuration such that they fix, with a simple quarter turn, the panels adjacent to each other. In addition, these parts have a certain elasticity, that is why they always exert pressure on the union of the panels, besides having the centering function and leveling of the latter; the trapezoidal fixing screws, consisting of a trapezoidal threaded screw, which constitute another of the fastening elements of the mold system of the invention whose function is that of obtaining a permanent fixing for the shuttering panels, being very fast in their tightening, with half turns than a traditional screw.

Finally, it should be noted, as another advantage that the mold system of the invention provides, the configuration that allows to perform double walls acoustically and thermally insulated, respecting without limits the insulation standards. acoustic and thermal construction, for which it comprises wall separator elements configured as double cones, and connector elements of specific design to form said type of double wall with the intermediate isolation incorporated.

The described system of integrated molds for the formation of monolithic concrete elements for the constructions consists, therefore, in a new structure with characteristics unknown until today for the purpose for which it is intended, reasons that together with its practical utility, give it novelty and inventive activity.

To complete the description and to facilitate a better understanding of the features of the invention, a set of plans is appended to this specification, as an integral part of the latter, in which by way of non-limiting illustrations it has FIG. 1 shows a plan view of an example of the formwork base panel that the mold system according to the invention comprises, the main parts and elements that it comprises. being represented there; Figure 2 shows a partial view of the side elevation of the panel shown in Figure 1; FIG. 3 shows a sectional view, in cross-section, of the panel shown in FIGS. 1 and 2; FIGS. 4, 5 and 6. They show two enlarged details of the union between two basic panels of the formwork, that which the system of the invention envisages, in the zone which has semi-circular slots for placing or not tie rods, Figure 4 showing said slots without perforations, Figure 5 perforated rods and Figure 6 with an incorporated tie rod) - Figures 7 and 8.- They show two views of an example of a eccentric piece of union between panels, shown in elevation and laterally respectively, showing the parts and the elements that it comprises; FIG. 9 shows a pair of adjacent panels joined together by means of eccentric union pieces and trapezoidal fixing screws, showing the arrangement of the latter for said union; FIGS. 10 and 11 show two views in elevation of the detail of the union between the panels by means of the eccentric union piece, showing, respectively, the passage and rotation positions of the latter for its obstruction in oblong holes of the perimetric leg; - Figure No. 12.- It shows a similar view to the previous fixing of the panels through the eccentric union piece, in this case a plan view; FIGS. 13, 14 and 15. They show respective views of the trapezoidal fixing screw and the counter nut of the latter, FIG. 13 showing the screw itself and FIGS. elevation and profile respectively; - Figure 16.- It shows an enlarged view of the detail of the union between two panels by means of the trapezoidal fixing screw, showing the disposition of the latter and the nut in the circular orifices of the perimeter tab Signs ; FIG. 17 shows an elevational view of an example of a double-cone wall separator which the system of the invention comprises, its configuration and the parts which it comprises being appreciated, having been represented with its corresponding nut without thread; FIG. 18 shows a sectional view of an example of a wall section, showing the arrangement of the mold system, object of the invention and of the main parts used in the latter; Figures 19 and 20. They show respective sectional views of two more examples of wall portions with the different elements of the mold system, conforming different shapes; FIG. 21 shows a perspective view of the end of a stay, showing the main support elements that it presents; FIG. 22A shows a schematic representation in plan of an example of slab conformation, showing the configuration and arrangement of the main elements of the mold system, according to the invention, for said part and for guiding the posterior construction of walls; - Figure 22-B.- It shows an enlarged detail of the plan view shown in the previous figure, some elements of the mold system for the formation of the slab and the construction of walls are appreciated in more detail; - figure 22-C-. It shows an enlarged detail in perspective of the template of the slab, showing the arrangement of the guides for the construction of the walls; FIG. 23 shows a perspective view of an example of a wall template layout, showing the arrangement of the elements that the mold system comprises for the formation of the walls; FIGS. 24-A, 24-B, 24-C and 24-D show again respective views in section of wall parts in their different phases of construction with the elements of the mold system, FIG. 24-A showing the formation of the inner part of the wall, Figure 24-B the expanded detail of the arrangement of the panels and wall dividers with their extension tube, Figure 24-C another detail showing the dressing of the connectors, and Figure 24-D incorporating the inner insulation with the connectors already erected; - Figure 25.- It shows a front perspective view of a part of the wall in formation phase, showing, on the first part of the latter and its frame, the layout of the various facilities; FIG. 25 shows an upper perspective view of the lower area of a door opening, showing the arrangement therein of the alignment and measuring beams that the mold system of the invention envisages to fix said opening; FIG. 27 shows a perspective view of the upper zone of the construction, showing an example of a guardrail and the parts and elements it comprises; and FIG. 28 shows a perspective view of an example of a multipurpose tool that the system of the invention envisages for various assembly or extraction functions of the panels or other elements. that he understands.

In the light of the figures mentioned, and according to the numbering adopted therein, it is possible to represent the parts and elements that the mold system of the invention comprises in the various phases of construction, which are described in detail. hereinafter with the following numerical references: - 1. basic formwork panel. the. sharp edge. - 2. inner surface. - 3. outer perimeter tab. - 4. oblong holes. - 5. round holes. - 6. outer perimeter fold. - 7. reinforcements. - 8. omega folded sheets - 9. semicircular slits. -10. resulting opening. -11. tie rods. -12. eccentric union piece. -13. tenon. -14. eccentric head. -15. anti-rotation stop. -16. central outer sheath. -17. nut with orifice. -18. central pin. -19. trapezoidal fixing screws. - 20. locknut. - 21. head. - 22. trapezoidal body. 23. conical disposition. - 24. quick-threading. - 25. wall separator. - 26. central cylindrical part. - 27. threaded end. - 28. locknut with washer. 28 'thrust washer. - 29. joystick. - 30. wall. - 31. concrete inner part. - 32. thermal and acoustic insulation. - 33. exterior concrete part. - 34. frames. - 35. hold. - 36. additional wedge. - 37. stay. - 38. thread. - 39. support. - 40. foundation slab. - 41. perimeter formwork. - 42. alignment beams. - 43. stabilizers. - 44. slab template. - 45. perimeter connections. - 46. marks for installations. - 47. U-guide stops. - 48. stems. - 49. wall template. - 50. perforations for separators. - 51. connectors. - 52. external end. - 53. instrument. - 54. extension tube. - 55. electrical installations. - 56. hydraulic installations. - 57. centering devices for installations. - 58. overlapping panels. - 59. alignment beams. - 60. tightening bolts. - 61. Spacer stops. - 62. guardrail of protection. - 63. vertical support. - 64. anti-rotation base. - 65. union pin. - 66. safety pin. - 67. multipurpose tool. - 68. lever end. - 69. polygonal key.

Thus, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, the mold system of the invention comprises, as an essential element, panels (1) of formwork, which are shaped by a surface (2) with perimetric legs (3) joined to it internally at a 90 ° angle forming sharp edges (1a) and incorporating, said perimetric legs (3), a fold (6) on the outer part thereof which provides a reinforcement and unperforated semicircular slots (9) on the surface (2) to allow or not perforation thereof and insert suitable separating rods (11) which are described hereinafter.

It should be emphasized that the sharp edges (la) of the panels (1) are provided to allow unions of contiguous panels with great precision, clean and without they leave marks on the surfaces of the walls as well as to guarantee the tightness of the complete mold that the panels configure (1).

For their part, the perimeter legs (3), in addition to having an alignment of oblong holes (4) and round (5), to insert elements of union between the panels and facilitate the centering and the flattening of the latter, have the fold (6) at their ends to provide them with greater strength and rigidity against the pressures exerted by the cast concrete inside the mold for the construction of the monolithic structure.

The panels (1) have, in addition, an interlacing of longitudinal and transverse reinforcements (7), also designed to provide robustness to the panels. Said reinforcements (7) consist of a series of thin folded sheets and omega-shaped section (8), the wings of which are welded to the surface (2) of the panel (1). This constitution and configuration of said reinforcements (7) provides greater strength and dimensional stability to the panels (1) of formwork, and a better relationship with the weight of the panel, much lighter, which allows to manufacture and use shuttering panels of dimensions of the order of 300 x 50 cm or even greater. All this presupposes a considerable reduction in the number of separating rods (11) to be used per square meter of the shuttering panel.

As for the slots (9) mentioned, which as it was reported, are not perforated, they are provided for the possible introduction, if necessary, of the said tie rods (11) of walls, the setting in place or not will be motivated, precisely, by the less important need to use in all cases wall separators, the panel (1) having a greater structural strength.

Examining FIGS. 4 to 6 are the semicircular slots (9) mentioned in the perimeter tabs (3) of the panel, where, in general when two adjacent panels (1) are joined together, the perimeter tabs (3) are completely backed and leveled without the spaces remaining between said slots (9) have perforations, as shown in Figure 4. This allows, according to the mold configuration requirements, said spaces can be perforated later , if necessary, leaving, as shown in FIG. 5, a resulting opening (10) suitable for the insertion of a separating tie (11) of walls of any known or specific type, as shown in FIG. Figure 6, to fix the two faces facing the complete mold which will give an adequate shape to the final structure for concreting. All this assumes the use of a smaller number of tie rods (11) for the configuration of the mold and, consequently, a smaller number of orifices left on the own concrete structure, resulting in a financial saving and time invested for its posterior stopping on the own concrete.

[00021] The connection and the fixing of the shuttering panels (1) between them are carried out, in an innovative manner, with attachment means that allow their use optionally or combined, depending on the needs of each mold.

Thus, as shown in Figures 7 or 8, one of said fastening means is constituted by an eccentric piece of union (12) which has a tenon (13) smooth conical end, provided in its an anterior zone of an eccentric head (14) with an anti-rotation stop (15) for its fixing and suitable clamping, being furthermore provided with a central outer sheath (16) preferably made of plastic and flexible material constant compression, and with a nut provided with an orifice (17) fixed permanently to the pin (13) by means of a central pin (18).

The main function of this eccentric union piece (12) is to join the panels (1) and, due to its configuration, allows its unions maintain a permanent clamping.

As shown in FIG. 9, and in more detail FIGS. 10 to 12, said eccentric union piece (12) is used for quick and precise fixing between shuttering panels (1) of any type, by means of its perimetric legs (3) and are combined, as required, with other means of permanent attachment, such as trapezoidal screws (19) fast screwing, one of them being also shown in Figure 9 and which are described in detail below, showing their configuration in Figures 13 to 16.

For its implementation, as shown in Figure 10, the eccentric union piece (12) is inserted into the oblong holes (4) of the perimeter legs (3) of the panels (1) to be joined, with its eccentric head (14) in vertical position. Once the piece (12) is located, by means of a standard key, the rotation of 90 ° is made to the latter, as shown by the arrow of Figure 11, to place the head (14) in a horizontal position , as is appreciated in Figure 12, and whose anti-rotation stop (15) prevents a greater rotation of the latter, and determines both the exact point of tightening for the adjustment of panels (1) contiguous formwork .

FIG. 12 shows the detail of the two contiguous panels (1) fixed in their final position by means of an eccentric union piece (12), where it is appreciated how the central outer sheath (16) makes it possible to absorb the necessary pressure between the perimeter legs (3) of said panels (1) so that the adjustment thereof is fast and accurate, avoiding that they are forced during their assembly and that they can undergo deformations in their configuration.

The eccentric union piece (12) having the same diameter measurement as the width of the oblong holes (4) of the legs (3) of the panels (1), makes a good interlocking of the latter and acts as a centering element for the alignment and the good leveling of the panels (1) in their union. All this makes the eccentric union piece (12) flexible in an effective fastening means in the daily process of mounting the mold, allowing its mechanization in practice.

When the connection and the fixing of the shuttering panels (1) between them require a more permanent character in the configuration of the mold, they are made by means of the aforesaid trapezoidal screw (19) with a fast pitch thread (24). ), shown in Figure 13, which is used integrally with the corresponding lock nut (20), also in rapid step, shown in Figures 14 and 15.

As seen in said figures, this screw (19) has a head (21), preferably hexagonal, followed by a trapezoidal body (22), which is one that allows the centering of two panels (1). contiguous, and which is extended by a conical arrangement (23) so that, as shown in Figure 16, its insertion and adjustment are facilitated in the round holes (5) of the perimeter legs (3) of the panels (1) for their union . Said body terminates with the arrangement of the quick-pitch threading (24). All this allows the strong and precise union which centers and arase the panels and which, when one has said type of fast screwing (24), is performed with half turns than those used for a traditional screw for their tightening, thus reducing the assembly time of the molds. In addition, advantageously this type of threading also avoids the disabling problems due to the dirt of the earth or cement that can accumulate there.

By examining FIG. 17, the configuration of a double cone wall separator (25) that the system of the invention comprises, with a cylindrical central portion (26), a threaded end (27) which is a trapezium-shaped rounded thread with a rapid pitch, which facilitates the tightening, of the locknut with washer (28) which is screwed on said end to avoid shocks. At the opposite end, this wall separator (25) has a handle (29) for its easy handling, which can have different configurations, and a final thrust washer (28 ').

Figures 18 to 20 show sectional views of several examples of wall conformation with the mold system of the invention. Said wall (30), as it is observed, is composed of an inner concrete part (31), an internal thermal and acoustic insulation (32) and another concrete outer part (33) which closes and complete the wall. For its implementation with the panels (1) described above, the wall separators (25) shown in Figure 17 are used, which have a central cylindrical portion (26) coinciding with the situation of thermal insulation and acoustics (32) provided on the wall (30). The two conical parts of the separator are designed to provide easy sliding once the concrete has hardened. The wall (30) further contains known reinforcements (34) suitable for any concrete structure.

In Figure 19 shows another example of wall (30) with different shapes in which we can see the presence of shims (35) and complementary wedges (36) provided on some panels (1) of the molds, including the function is to facilitate the stripping of the latter when they are in nested positions that hinder their extraction, said wedges (35, 36) allowing easy sliding of the latter which allows rapid stripping. The position of these wedges (35, 36) can be in both horizontal and vertical positions, depending on the needs at the time of mold design.

Also, the design of the molds of the present invention can be provided for the construction, with panels (1) of different forms of concrete structures implemented at one time, that is to say, in a single concreting.

Figure 21 shows the end of a strut (37) fixed support, which has a dual function. It is used to support the panels (1) or roof formwork and, once concreting is done, the larger washer is loosened or slid by means of its thread (38), allowing the removal of the roof panels and, at the same time, the upper support washer (39) continues to support them the days necessary for their total hardening, according to the standards.

By examining FIGS. 22-A, 22-B and 22-C, it is appreciated the elements that the mold system of the invention provides for the construction of a foundation slab (40), comprising a formwork perimeter (41) based on panels (1) in the form of an L whose vertical leg determines overlapping panels (58) which are arranged leaning against alignment beams (42) and fixed by means of stabilizers (43). ). All of this, moreover, is joined to a slab template (44) which, by means of a series of perimeter connections (45), forms a single body with the perimeter formwork (41). All these parts united to said template (44) easily allow the leveling, alignment and positioning of all the installations of the foundation slab (40) without errors and quickly and accurately. For this, in the mentioned slab template (44), all the installations that will pass below the foundation slab (40) and the points by which they must emerge are indicated by means of marks (46) in the form of zero or other forms.

Also, this slab template (44) also makes it possible to nail, with complete precision, U-bearing guides (47), which can be appreciated in FIGS. 22-B and 22-C, which are indispensable for the alignment. posterior wall walls of the mold, as well as for the establishment centrally stems (48) necessary to subsequently unite all the armatures (34) of the walls of the construction to achieve.

In Figure 23 appears shown a wall template (49) or vertical template, which serves to guide the implementation of the walls and to determine the reinforcements (34) or predetermined lattices that will be used in their construction, concerning the measurements of their windows, doors, heights, etc., and which also incorporates perforations (50) which signal the exact position of the different wall separators (25) which will later coincide with the panels (1) which form the mold.

Figures 24-A to 24-D show the phases of formation of a wall, where, in the first place, is carried out concreting a first portion or a concrete inner portion (31) of a wall (Figure 24-A), to which will be incorporated later thermal and acoustic insulation (32) (Figure 24-D) and the second concreting or external concrete part (33) (Figure 20), where we can appreciate how in the first part of the concreting (31) connectors (51) which are folded at their outer end (52) are incorporated, which, once erected at said outer end (52), using a suitable instrument (53) for this are used to perforate and fix the thermal and acoustic insulation layer (32) mentioned, as well as to fix the reinforcement (34) required of the second external concreting (33). All this is united by the wall separator (25) which is incorporated an extension tube (54) as a supplement with the function of supplementing the size of the first interior concreting (31) of the wall and being removed in the second concreting outer (33), by moving the panels (1) of the mold in the outer position of the foundation slab (40) to join them to the overlapping panels (58), already mentioned above and can be appreciated in Figure 22-B. With all this, the construction of the wall (30) will be finished.

[00039] FIG. 25 shows examples of the various electrical (55) and hydraulic (56) installations which, together with other home automation systems or of any other type, are incorporated in a mold-fixed construction or else , as shown in said figure, the own wall (30) constructed with its corresponding centralizers (57) attached to the mold to mark the position of said facilities.

Examining Figure 26 we can see the arrangement of the two alignment beams (59) for the alignment and the exact measurement of the doors of the construction with the mold system of the invention, which are united by the tie-rod bias (60) whose function is to provide sufficient clamping to the beams (59) cited for aligning the walls of the panel mold (1) with spacer stops (61) provided therein for this purpose and which determine the exact measure of the opening that the door must occupy.

Finally, in Figure 27 it is appreciated the incorporation of a guard rail (62) on the upper part of the construction, which is fixed to the vertical supports (63) by means of pins (65) together with the corresponding anti-rotation pedestals (64) and, for safety, safety pins (66). The anti-rotation pedestals (64) of each support (63) are, in turn, attached to the alignment beams (59) through their corresponding screwing.

It should be emphasized, in addition to the elements described, that the mold system of the invention provides for the use of a multi-purpose tool (67), shown in FIG. 28, which at one end has a lever configuration (68) for formwork removal of wall panels (1), mainly for removing the first panel from a wall, which preferably includes a shim (35) or (36). This tool (67), furthermore, at the opposite end has a polygonal key (69), which is used, at any time, for clamping wall separators (25), separating rods (11) or other elements.

The nature of the present invention being sufficiently described, as well as the manner of putting it into practice, it is not necessary to further extend its explanation so that any person skilled in the art understands its scope and the advantages thereof. , by making it clear that, in its essentiality, it may be put into practice in other embodiments which differ in detail from that indicated for illustrative purposes, and which will also obtain the protection which is requested as long as the fundamental principle of the invention is not altered, changed or modified.

Claims (15)

1. A system of molds for the formation of monolithic concrete elements, particularly for forming monolithic structures or elements of reinforced concrete for building constructions of any type, such as those with walls (30). ) with a concrete inner part (31), an intermediate thermal and acoustic insulation layer (32) and a concrete outer part (33), as well as foundation slabs (40), characterized in that it comprises basic formwork panels (1) with perimetric tabs (3) with orifices (4, 5) for insertion of joining means for securing the contiguous panels and semi-circular slots (9) for interposer wall dividers (25) which unite the panels on both sides of a wall (30), determining its thickness, or forming the perimeter formwork (41) of the foundation slab (40) constituting the various molds, depending on the case, as well as templates (44, 49) providing the position of the installations and reinforcements (34) for both the foundation slab (40) and the walls (30) of the construction, and the beams or alignment beams (42, 59 ). 2. System of molds for the formation of monolithic elements of concrete, according to claim 1, characterized in that the panels (1) are shaped by a flat surface (2) with perimeter legs (3) which are provided with orifices oblong (4) and round (5), united at an angle of 90 ° forming sharp edges (1a) and a fold (6) on the outer part thereof, in which the slots (9) semicircular no perforated on the surface (2) to insert or not tie rods (11) or wall separators (25). 3. System of molds for the formation of monolithic elements made of concrete, according to claim 2, characterized in that the panels (1) have, in addition, an intercrossing of longitudinal and transverse reinforcements (7), consisting of a series thin folded sheets and omega section (8), whose wings are welded to the surface (2) of the panel (1). 4. System of molds for the formation of monolithic elements in concrete, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that one of the fastening means between panels (1) contiguous consists of an eccentric piece union member (12) having a tapered smooth pin (13) provided in its front region with an eccentric head (14) with an anti-rotation stop (15) for securing and clamping thereof, and having a central outer sheath (16) made of plastic material and a constant compression hose, and a nut with an orifice (17) fixed permanently to the post (13) by means of a central pin (18). 5. System of molds for the formation of monolithic elements in concrete, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that one of the means of union between panels (1) contiguous, when one requires it is of a more permanent character, is constituted by a trapezoidal screw (19) with a fast pitch thread (24), which is used with the corresponding locking nut (20), also with a rapid pitch, the screw (19) having a head (21) preferably hexagonal followed by a trapezoidal body (22) and extended by a conical arrangement (23). The mold system for the formation of monolithic concrete elements according to claim 2, characterized in that the wall separator (25) has a double cone configuration with a cylindrical central portion (26) and a threaded end. (27) with a rounded trapezoidal thread with a rapid pitch, for a lock nut with a washer (28) and, at the opposite end, a handle (29) and a thrust washer (28 '). 7. System of molds for the formation of monolithic elements in concrete, according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that in the perimeter legs (3) of certain panels (1) shims (35) and Additional wedges (36) have been provided to facilitate the stripping of the latter. 8. System of molds for the formation of monolithic elements of concrete, according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that for the formation of the foundation slab (40) the perimeter formwork (41) comprises panels (1) in the form of an L whose vertical leg determines overlapping panels (58), leaning against alignment beams (42), which panels are attached to stabilizers (43) and all of which are joined to a jig. slab (44) which, by means of perimeter connection means (45), constitutes a single body with the perimeter formwork (41). 9. System of molds for the formation of monolithic elements of concrete, according to claim 8, characterized in that in the slab template (44) marks (46) in the form of zero or other shapes which signal all installations that will pass below the foundation slab (40) and the points from which they must emerge are provided. Mold system for the formation of monolithic concrete elements, according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that in the slab template (44) it is provided to nail U-bearing guides (47) for posterior alignment of the walls and centrally positioning rods (48). 11. System of molds for the formation of monolithic elements in concrete, according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the wall template (49), to guide the implementation of the walls and determine the reinforcement (34) or predetermined meshes which will be used in their construction, concerning measurements of windows, doors, heights, and the like, etc., incorporate perforations (50) which indicate the exact position of the wall separators ( 25) which will later coincide with the panels (1) which constitute the mold. 12. System of molds for the formation of monolithic elements of concrete, according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises connectors (51) on the frame (34) which are bent at their end external (52), which, when erected at said outer end (52), allow to perforate and fix the thermal and acoustic insulation layer (32). 13. System of molds for the formation of monolithic elements made of concrete, according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it comprises centering devices (57) for marking the position of electrical installations (55), hydraulic (56) or others. 14. System of molds for the formation of monolithic elements in concrete, according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it comprises alignment beams (59) for the alignment and the exact measurement of doors in which II incorporates spacer stops (61) which determine the exact measurement of the opening that the doors must occupy. 15. System of molds for the formation of monolithic elements of concrete, according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises a multipurpose tool (67), which at one end has a configuration in the form of lever (68) designed for stripping panels (1) with wedge (35, 36) and a polygonal key (69) at the opposite end.