FR2933431A1 - Sandwich panel for forming e.g. frontage covering panel in building field, has core sandwiched between plates, where integration of core with adjacent plate is performed on part of core blocks, without creating obstacle to displacements - Google Patents

Abstract

The panel (1) has a core (27) sandwiched between internal and external face plates (2, 3). A rigid material forming the plates presents a dilation behavior different from that of an insulating material forming the core. Grooves (27a) are formed on a core surface that is in contact with the plate (3). The grooves create separate core blocks (27b) that are subjected to independent lateral displacements under the effect of dilation. The integration of the core with the adjacent plate is performed on a part of the blocks, without creating obstacle to the displacements. An independent claim is also included for a building panel such as frontage covering panel or carpentry casement, obtained from a sandwich type panel.

Description

SANDWICH TYPE PANEL USEFUL IN THE FIELD OF CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING, AS WELL AS PANELS SUCH AS JOINERY JOINERY AND FRONT PANEL SHAPED FOR SUCH A SANDWICH PANEL

The present invention relates to insulating core panels sandwiched between two plates. Such panels called sandwich type are useful in the field of construction or building, including for constituting door openings or as facade cladding panels, the latter can be reported panels to build a facade or on a existing facade to renovate it.

Such signs, especially when exposed outdoors - such as external entrance door panels (pavilions or buildings) and facade cladding panels - are subject to differences in expansion between at least the outer plate and the insulating core. Such an effect, said bimetal effect, leads to deformations and bending of the panels, both unsightly and source of a malfunction, annoying or even up to require a replacement of the panel, for example if the closure of a door is prevented. The problem is solved according to the invention by modifying the surface of the core in contact with at least the plate for which there is the problem of the bimetallic effect, namely at least the face of the outer plate in the case of an opening or facade cladding panel. This surface modification consists, according to the invention, in the formation of grooves or notches generally perpendicular to the plane of the surface of the core which will come into application against the internal face of the plate in question, thus creating suitable pads of material to undergo slight lateral movements to compensate the bimetallic effect by individualized regions. The idea is in fact to divide the global region on which the bimetallic effect occurs into a succession of small regions separated from each other on each of which the effect can take place in a very small measure, this small effect having a impact - not noticeable or even nil - only on the very small area in question instead of a global effect and therefore visible on the whole. The invention relates to a sandwich type panel useful in particular in the field of construction and building, consisting of a core of insulating material sandwiched between two plates of a rigid material with which said core is made integral, the materials of said plates having a behavior of expansion different from that of said core, characterized in that, on at least a part of at least one surface of said core in contact with a plate, groove or groove-type recesses are made; creating core regions separated from each other, able to undergo, under the effect of the expansion, slight independent lateral movements, the core material being chosen to allow such displacements, the joining of the soul with the neighboring plate at said regions being made on at least a portion thereof and being arranged not to hinder the movements cited. The core may especially be a foam core, such as a hard foam, for example polyurethane or polystyrene. The plates may in particular be metal plates, for example steel or aluminum, or plastic material such as PVC, or wood. Separate core regions may be created on at least a portion of the web surface in contact with the plate to be turned outward in the use position. The solidarization of the core with the adjacent plate at said regions may be effected by points or bonding regions regularly or substantially regularly distributed over all or part of said regions, the adhesive being chosen to allow displacements under the effect of the dilation while ensuring the holding of said panel, the joining of the core with the adjacent plate in the core portions not comprising the independent regions can be advantageously performed by a continuous adhesive layer. The points or bonding areas may be formed by adhesive pellets applied to the surfaces of said independent regions, or may be obtained by glue introduced into holes or through holes made in the core. The grooves or grooves may be perpendicular to the surface of the core in which they are made and of sufficient depth to allow independent lateral movements without harming the mechanical and thermal resistance of the core. The independent regions may be formed by a grid of the surface of the core by the grooves, forming regions in the form of pads of square or rectangular cross-section, the grooves being constituted by longitudinal grooves arranged along the length of the plate and by transverse grooves arranged according to the width of the plate, the bonding areas being provided in the central surface area of at least one of the pads. Alternatively, the independent regions may be formed by a network of recesses forming regions in the form of pads of cylindrical section, the bonding areas being provided in the central surface area of at least one of the pads. Numerous possibilities exist for the shape of these studs and their arrangement to obtain the expected effect according to the general shape and the structure of the final panel, knowing that the expansion is generally the largest in the largest dimension of a plate, in particular a metal plate. The panel may be in the form of a sheet in which will be cut the individual sandwich panels to be laid, if necessary after shaping at least one edge of the core for adaptation to the particular room to ask and / or modifying at least one edge of at least one plate by cutting and / or folding to adapt to the particular piece to be laid, or is in the form of the individual sandwich-type panel intended to be laid down , if appropriate after forming at least one edge of the core and / or modification of at least one edge of at least one plate by cutting and / or folding. The invention also relates to a building panel, such as facade cladding panel or carpentry door, formed from a sandwich panel as defined above.

The building panel may consist of the two plates of the sandwich panel arranged facing the interposition of the core of insulating material and connected by a peripheral frame interposed between the two plates, at least one of the plates being exposed to conditions of dilation having a coefficient of expansion different from that of the frame which is applied thereto, said frame bearing, on its face by which it is bonded with the plate exposed to the conditions of expansion, a device able to allow the movement movements of said plate in its plane or substantially in its plane as a result of its expansion, and, independently, the movement movements of the frame along a plane parallel or substantially parallel to the preceding one, said device possibly being a herringbone system or an extension of the soul integral with an angle allowing the vertical sliding of the outer facing plate. Reference can be made to French patent applications 08/50623 and 08/50625 for examples of herringbone systems for such devices for compensating for the differences in expansion between the frame and the plates. To better illustrate the object of the present invention, will be described hereinafter several particular embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing.

On this drawing :

Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a piece of sandwich type panel according to a first embodiment of the present invention, tearing parts showing the internal structure of the panel;

Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 showing a variation of this first embodiment;

- Figure 3 is a schematic view similar to Figure 1 of a second embodiment of the invention; - Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3 showing a variant of this second embodiment; Figure 5 is a partial vertical sectional view of a door leaf, showing the lower portion thereof in mounting position relative to the door sill, the door leaf being formed from a door panel; sandwich type made according to Figure 1;

Figure 6 is, on a smaller scale, a partial vertical sectional view of the door leaf of Figure 5, showing the upper portion thereof in the mounting position relative to the upper cross member of the frame;

Figure 7 is, on the same scale as the previous one, a partial horizontal sectional view of the same door leaf, at a hinge in the mounting position of the leaf on the frame; and

- Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 3, showing an embodiment according to a variant.

Referring to Figure 1, it can be seen that there is shown a piece of a sandwich panel 1 for the building consisting of two facing plates 2 and 3 - or inner plate 2 and outer plate 3 if the final panel is considered in the assembled state - between which is disposed a central block or central core of insulating material 27, very slightly deformable, such as a rigid polyurethane foam. These plates are generally in the form of elongated rectangular strips or sheets which will then be cut on demand to form door openings and facade cladding panels. It can also be envisaged that they are directly formed into the dimensions required to constitute the door opening or the facade cladding panel. The facing plates 2 and 3 are for example made of aluminum sheet 1.5 mm thick, 80 mm apart in the example shown. Plates 2 and 3 could equally well be steel, PVC or similar plastic material or even wood. The facing plate 3 is intended to be placed on the outside in the position of use, for example in the case where the sandwich panel is intended to form an entrance door opening or facade cladding panel. In view of this arrangement of the cladding plate 3 facing outwards, it will present in use, differences in expansion between said cladding plate 3 and the insulating central core 27 formed in one piece, such an effect being known as the bimetallic effect. To solve this problem, notches or grooves 27a are formed in the face of the insulating core 27 which is intended to come into contact with the inner face of the facing plate 3, perpendicularly to said face and to a height of the approximately one quarter to one third of the thickness of said core 27. These grooves 27a are arranged in a grid, being formed by longitudinal grooves and transverse grooves parallel to the longitudinal and transverse edges respectively of the panel strip sandwich 1. As an example, mention may be made of a grid with tiles of 30 mm side. Are thus formed on this surface of the insulating core 27 square "pads" 27b which, given the slight possibility of deformation of the material component of the core 27, will be able to undergo slight lateral movements both in the sense of the length only in the sense of the width. Indeed, the depth of the grooves 27a will be chosen to allow the aforementioned displacements without adversely affecting the mechanical and thermal resistance sought. The outer facing plate 3 and the foam core 27 are fixed by dots or glue pellets 26a placed at the center of only a portion of the square studs, these points or glue pellets being generally distributed over the entire surface. The glue 26a is chosen flexible enough not to prevent the desired movements of said pads 27b. The inner cladding plate 2 is fixed to the foam core 27 by a layer of continuous glue, as will be described in the following with reference to the description of the door leaf. This adhesive layer is not visible in FIGS. 1 to 4. FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the sandwich panel of FIG. 1 according to which through-holes 26b have been made in the height of the foam core. these holes 26b being made perpendicular to the large faces of said foam core 27 and opening in the center of each square stud 27b. These holes 26b, which are of relatively small diameter, are intended to receive glue. The square studs 27b will retain their ability to move slightly individually, compensating for the bimetallic effect, and a good attachment of the foam core 27 to the inner facing plate 2 will be achieved by the glue completely passing through the foam core. Referring to Figures 3 and 4, for which the same reference numerals have been used, it can be seen that these corresponding to Figures 1 and 2 respectively, with the difference that the pads 27b are no longer square. but cylindrical, being formed by removal of material 27a to the surface of the core 27 intended to come into contact with the outer facing plate 3. Such cylindrical studs 27b are likely to move in all directions under the effect bimetal. Referring now to FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, it can be seen that 101 as a whole has been designated an opening of an entry door, which will be described in the following with reference to its vertical mounting position, which is constituted by an inner facing plate 102, an outer facing plate 103 and an opening frame 104 disposed between the two peripherally and glued to the respective inner walls of the inner and outer plates 102 and 103 so to maintain these solidarity. The frame 104 consists of two uprights 105 and two crosspieces 106.

The plates 102 and 103 are for example made of aluminum sheet 1.5 mm thick, 80 mm apart in the example shown (see plates 2 and 3 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4), and the amounts 105 and crosspieces 106, PVC. The plates 102 and 103 could equally well be PVC or similar plastic material or wood.

The inner facing plate 102 has, along its lateral vertical edges, a right-angled return 118 (Figure 7). The exterior cladding plate 103 has, along its lateral vertical edges, a right angle of return 21 (FIG. 7). As can be seen in FIG. 5, the inner cladding plate 102 is longer than the outer cladding plate 103 in view of the presence of the threshold water discharge device 125 affixed to the plate 103 by rivets. 125a. Against the inner face of the facing plate 102, there is disposed a layer 126 of glue which serves to bond the uprights 105 and crosspieces 106 of the frame 15 of the sash 104. The adhesive 126 is applied in the liquid state and hardens in the air. A central block of insulating material 127, such as a polyurethane foam (see block 27 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4), fills spaces between facing plates 102 and 103. Referring now to FIGS. 5 to 7, it can be seen that the uprights 105 and crosspieces 106 of the sash frame 104 are formed from the same profile of conventional general shape having an internal wall 140 25 intended to bear against the block 127 of insulating material, a wall 141 perpendicular to the wall 140 intended to be applied against the layer 126 doubling the facing plate 102, and a wall 142, also perpendicular to the previous, intended to be applied against a layer 126c doubling the cladding plate 103 in the peripheral region. The walls 141 and 142 are, opposite the wall 140, joined by an external wall 143 having a setback 144 because the facing panels 102 and 103 are not the same height (Figure 5) nor the same width (Figure 7). The recess 144 forms a slide 145 for receiving a seal 146 whose role is indicated below. In the case of the crossmember 106, the joint portion 146 external to the slideway 143 is intended to be applied by flaring against the abutment 147a of the threshold 147 of the door, which can be seen in FIG. its sole 147b extending both on the masonry rejingot 148, on the outside and on the finished floor 149, on the inside. In the case of the amount 105, the portion of the seal 146 outside the slide 145, is applied by crushing against the frame 150 of the door as can be seen in Figure 7. The frame has an outer flange 152 surrounded by a covering 153 which is applied externally against an insulation (not shown) and a tap 154, which extends against the insulation up to the finished table, being fixed by screw 156 to the frame 150. The hinges 157 are fixed to the Again against the cladding 153 and against the angle of return 118 of the facing plate 102. A seal 158 carried by the frame 150 is pressed against the cladding plate 103. Such an assembly will not be explained in more detail because it is classic. The upper cross member of the door frame, which can be seen in Figure 6, has not been described in more detail because it is conventional.

The profile forming the uprights 105 and crosspieces 106 has internally different walls, some parallel to the wall 140, and the others, parallel to the walls 141 and 142. This structure is known per se and will not be described in more detail. In the outer faces of the walls 141 and 142, which are intended to be applied against a layer 126 or 126c of glue, grooves 159 are provided which are parallel to the plane of the wall 140, regularly spaced, intended to receive the glue of the layer 126 during bonding and thereby consolidate the attachment of the uprights 105 and crosspieces 106 to the facing plates 102 and 103. Such consolidation is provided for safety because experience has shown that the strength of the attachment is obtained without the presence of these grooves. Also according to the invention, there is provided a device for allowing the difference in expansion between the aluminum sheet of the outer facing panel 103 and the PVC component amounts 105 and cross 106. For this purpose, the wall 142 to the structure following particular: It is lined externally by a thinner wall or wing or blade 142a joined to the wall 142 of the section by bridges 142b which extend parallel to the wall 140 and whose shape is chosen to be able to follow the different movements of the siding 103 and amounts 105 / cross 106 to allow the differences in expansion indicated above. These bridges, regularly spaced, have for this a form in section of chevrons in the example shown. In which carries the "Expansion", deformation of the door in its outer part, formed of the outer wall 142a and the bridges 142b, is not applied these cases, it is of course the wall grooves 159. elsewhere, intended 142a this device said "anti-solve the problems in the corner portions at the junctions of the uprights 105 and the crosspieces 106, to allow the necessary relative displacement between the portion 142a integral with the facing panel 103 and the portion 142 itself in case of difference of expansion. Also, the wing 142a and the bridges 142b are formed in an independent section, the bridges 142b being connected to a wing 142c, opposite to the previous one and parallel thereto. This independent profile will then be applied against the opposite side of a conventional profile forming the uprights 105 and crosspieces 106, being fixed by screws or rivets 142d each introduced by a through hole 142e formed in the flange 142a. This variant allows the use of conventional profiles in both PVC and aluminum. In FIGS. 5 to 8, it can be seen that the block 127 is made as the block 27 of FIG. 1, including the grooves 127a forming the pads 127b. The glue pads 126a are also shown.

In FIGS. 5 to 7, the cooperation between the frame 104 and the plate 103, subjected to the bimetallic effect, is as previously described. In Figure 8, there is shown an alternative embodiment, according to which the herringbone block 142 is not applied, the space occupied by it being replaced by an extension 127c of the foam block 127. This shows that the It will be possible to start from a block 1 as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 and to adapt its edges (both plates and the core) for the installation of the complete panel (opening or covering panel). Also, it can be seen in Figures 7 and 8 that there is provided a fixing of the return 121 respectively on the block 142 or on the extension 127c of the core 127 by a rivet 160 through the return 121. In the latter case, an angle 121a is provided, one wing is applied against the cross 105 and the other against the return 121; this angle 121a ensures the vertical guidance of the plate 103 in case of expansion and the maintenance of the foam 127, an oblong hole 161 being formed for this purpose in the part of the bracket 121a applied against the return 121 for the passage of the rivet 160. This allows to allow expansion and maintain the effect of the grid provided according to the invention. Tests conducted by the Applicant have mounted the absence of curling panels subjected to high temperatures compared to the same panels not having the surface modifications of the core of the sandwich panel. The pads formed on the surface of the core have thus allowed expansion under reduced individual bimetallic effects, not affecting the entire panel. It is, of course, understood that the embodiments which have just been described have been given as an indication and not a limitation and that modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

CLAIMS1 - Sandwich panel useful in particular in the field of construction and building, consisting of a core (27) of insulating material sandwiched between two plates (2, 3) of a rigid material with which said core ( 27) is made integral, the materials of said plates (2, 3) having an expansion behavior different from that of said core (27), characterized in that on at least a portion of at least one surface of said core (27) in contact with a plate (2, 3) are formed groove or groove-type recesses (27a) creating soul regions (27b) separated from each other, capable of undergoing, under the effect of dilation, slight independent lateral movements, the core material being selected to allow such displacements, the joining of the core (27) with the adjacent plate at said regions (27b) being performed on at least a portion of these and being ag in order not to hinder the aforementioned displacements. Sandwich panel according to claim 1, characterized in that separate web regions (27b) are created on at least a portion of the surface of the web (27) in contact with the plate (3) for to be turned outward in the use position. 3 - Sandwich panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the joining of the core (27) with the adjacent plate at said regions (27b) is performed by points or bonding areas (26a, 26b) regularly or substantially regularly distributed over all or part of said regions (27b), the glue being chosen to allow displacements under the effect of the expansion while ensuring the holding of said panel (1), the joining of the core (27) with the adjacent plate in the web portions not comprising the independent regions (27b) being advantageously effected by a layer of continuous glue. 4 - sandwich-type panel according to claim 3, characterized in that the points or bonding areas are formed by adhesive pellets (26a) applied to the surfaces of said independent regions (27b), or are obtained by glue introduced into through holes (26b) practiced in the soul. 5 - Sandwich panel according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the grooves or grooves (27a) are perpendicular to the surface of the core (27) in which they are made and of sufficient depth to allow independent lateral movements without harming the mechanical and thermal resistance of the soul (27). 6 sandwich panel according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the independent regions are formed by a grid of the surface of the core by the grooves (27a), forming regions (27b) shaped of plots of square or rectangular section, the grooves (27a) being constituted by longitudinal grooves arranged along the length of the plate and by transverse grooves arranged along the width of the plate, the bonding zones (26a, 26b) being provided in the central surface area of at least one of the studs.7 - Sandwich panel according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the independent regions are formed by a network of recesses providing regions (27b) in the form of studs of cylindrical section, the bonding zones (26a, 26b) being provided in the central surface area of at least one of the studs. 8 - Sandwich type panel according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is in the form of a sheet in which will be cut the individual sandwich panels (101) to be laid, the case after forming at least one edge of the core for adaptation to the particular piece to be laid and / or modification of at least one edge of at least one plate by cutting and / or folding for adaptation to the particular piece to be laid, or is in the form of the individual sandwich panel (101) intended to be laid, if appropriate after shaping at least one edge of the soul and / or modification of at least one an edge of at least one plate by cutting and / or folding. 9 - Building panel, such as facade cladding panel or joinery door, constituted from a sandwich panel as defined in one of claims 1 to 8. 10 - Panel according to claim 9, consisting of the two plates (102, 103) of the sandwich panel arranged opposite the interposition of the core (127) of insulating material and connected by a peripheral frame (104) interposed between the two plates (102, 103), at least one of the plates (102, 103) being exposed to expansion conditions having a coefficient of expansion different from that of the frame being applied thereto, said frame (104) carrying on its face by which it is bonded with the plate (103) exposed to the expansion conditions, a device adapted to allow movement of movement of said plate in its plane or substantially in its plane as a result of its expansion, and, independently, the movement movements of the following framea plane parallel or substantially parallel to the previous, said device may be a chevron system or an extension of the core integral with an angle allowing vertical sliding of the outer facing plate.