FR2824092A1 - SET OF CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns an assembly of building elements comprising bricks (10), posts (40), sashes, frames (60), tie joists and purlins, each brick (10) being shaped like a rectangular parallelepiped having two substantially planar parallel opposite surfaces (12, 14) forming a wall with specific height and length, separated from four successive sides (16, 18, 20, 22) forming an edge with the brick. The invention is characterised in that one (18) of the sides of the brick (10) comprises a tenon (24) over part of its length, while a mortise (26, 28, 30) is provided in the three other sides (16, 22, 20) over their entire length.

Description

of which the engine control is changed is fixed at 20 seconds.

  - - The present invention relates to a set of construction elements and the method of producing a wall using this set of construction elements. There is a need on the market for construction elements which are easy to implement and economical for making a shed, a bungalow, a low wall or the like, in a very short time, without any specific knowledge,

  and without using cement or glue.

  The construction thus obtained must however have all the required rigidity, and be able to be just as easily demolished and / or be reconstructed elsewhere.

and / or differently.

  These construction elements must also be able to be produced in scale models to determine

  a building game for children.

  In the field of construction toys, we know the document DE-A-198 45 160 which describes building blocks of substantially parallelapiped shape s

  having counter grooves on their side faces

  stripped fermoes at one end in the axial direction and in which can be inserted a coupling element connecting the blocks two by two. Nothing is provided to lock the blocks one above the other, which implies a construction in successive layers, the

  layers being unstable with respect to each other.

  This drawback is eliminated in the construction set described in document EP-A-0 911 070 which describes cubic building blocks, an orifice being formed on each of the faces of the cube to introduce a connecting pin between two adjacent cubes. I1 then poses a technical problem when the user wishes to install such a cube at a location where the cube must simultaneously accucillate perpendicular pins between them, that is to say when the user wishes to mount a wall of at least two rows of blocks , because it must first complete each row first, then

  fix the rows to each other.

  Outside the field of games, we know from document EP-A-1 050 636 a modular system composed of wooden boards arranged horizontally one on the other and glued together. Such a system gives a massive and definitive character to the construction, and cannot be

easily implemented.

  We also know the document US-A-5 996 302 which describes a system for assembling a series of wooden planks using mortises and tenons. Locking is ensured by means of dowels making the system relatively complex and impractical if not for a very experienced handyman or a skilled tradesman. Document EP-A-0 898 027 also discloses molded construction blocks each having on the upper and lower sections a relief, respectively male and female, intended to favor the installation of a wall. These blocks require the use of a cement between

each block.

  The invention is situated in this context and aims to obviate the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art, while achieving the aims which have been previously described. The present invention therefore relates first of all to a set of construction elements comprising bricks, posts, jambs, frames, struts and purlins, each brick affecting the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped having two opposite substantially flat parallel surfaces constituting a wall of a specified height and length, separated by four

  successive sides forming slice of the brick.

  According to the invention, one of the sides of the brick has a tenon over part of its length, while a mortise is made in the other three sides

over their entire length.

  Preferably, the tenons and mortises on the sides of the brick affect the shape of dovetails

respectively male and female.

  The construction set further includes a plurality of locking strips which cross-section the shape of two opposite male dovetails joined by

their short sides.

  Advantageously, at least one mortise is made over the entire length of the posts, jambs,

sleepers, ties and breakdowns.

  Also preferably, the bricks, posts, jambs, frames, braces and purlins are made of

  a material chosen from wood and plastic.

  The invention, according to another aspect, also relates to a method for producing a wall using the building elements which have just been described. This process comprises the following stages: a first plurality of bricks are placed horizontally to form the desired length of the wall, so that the tenon of each brick is on the upper edge; one of the strips is introduced vertically into the mortises of two adjacent bricks; a second plurality of bricks is placed horizontally on the first plurality by sliding while making the pins of the first plurality of i cooperate? bricks with the corresponding mortises of the second plurality of bricks; one of the strips is introduced vertically into the mortises of two adjacent bricks; and so on until the desired height of the wall is obtained; we insert the tenons of the upper bricks into the mortise of the struts or purlins; the posts and / or frames and / or frames are placed vertically, at each lateral end of the wall, so that the external mortises of the end bricks and the posts, frames or frames are facing each other; end bricks and that of posts are inserted vertically into the external mortises

  door frames or frames one of the crimps.

  The invention will be better understood, and other objects, advantages and characteristics thereof

  will appear more clearly on reading the description

  which follows of preferred embodiments given without limitation and to which three drawing boards are annexed in which: Figure 1 schematically shows a front view of a brick according to the present invention; Figure 2 shows in perspective the brick of Figure 1; Figure 3 shows, in perspective, the strip according to the invention; Figure 4 illustrates, in horizontal section, the junction of two laterally adjacent bricks; Figure 5 illustrates, in vertical section, the junction of two bricks placed one above the other; Figure 6 shows, in horizontal section, a corner post and its junction with the bricks of two walls; Figure 7 illustrates, in horizontal section, the joining of a wall and a frame; and Figure 8 illustrates, in horizontal schematic section, another embodiment of a junction between two walls

perpendicular.

  Referring now to the Figures which have just been succinctly described, the set of construction elements of the invention comprises bricks, posts, jambs, frames, struts and purlins. We will speak here of wooden building elements, because the technology used is that of wood, but it is obvious that these elements can also be made of molded or injected plastic, or any other

suitable material.

  In Figures 1 and 2, there is shown a brick 10 according to the invention. In one embodiment, such a wooden brick has the following dimensions: length 40 cm, height 17 cm, thickness 7 cm. These dimensions make it possible to obtain wooden bricks that can be easily handled by anyone because of their non-crippling weight. These dimensions are not, however, limiting of the invention. It is. moreover, it is necessary to provide "half bricks", therefore i with a length of 20 cm, to allow a wall to be mounted

  alternating bricks between two adjacent levels.

  Each brick 10 assumes the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped having two substantially flat parallel opposite surfaces 12, 14. In the examples shown, the brick 10 is intended for the production of a bungalow or equivalent. The outer surface 12, subjected to rain, is therefore slightly different from the

  inner surface 14, as will be seen later.

  The two surfaces can, however, both be subjected to weather conditions or not, and therefore be identical. These two opposite surfaces 12, 14 are separated by four successive sides 16, 18, 20 22, forming the

brick slice 10.

  Referring to the construction of a wall, it will be said below that side 18 is the upper side of the brick, side 22 is the lower side, and sides 16 and

are the lateral sides.

  The upper side 18 is provided with a stud 24 which projects therefrom, while a mortise 26, 28, 30 is made in the three other sides, 16, 22, 20 respectively. The tenon 24 assumes the shape of a male dovetail, while the mortises 26, 28, 30 affect the

  corresponding shape of female dovetails.

  All the mortises of all the elements of the construction assembly described have the same cross-sectional shape, and the studs affect, in cross-section, the complementary shape. As can be seen in Figure 6 for an angle post 40, and in Figure 7 for a frame 60, posts, frames, tie bars and purlins all have at

minus one mortise 42.

  With reference to FIG. 5 representing in vertical section the joining of two bricks one on the other, the bricks 10 are placed one above the other by sliding the upper pin 24 of the brick lower in the mortise 28 of the upper brick. Vertical strength

is thus ensured.

  The lateral solidity between two adjacent bricks is ensured, as illustrated in FIG. 4 schematically showing in horizontal section two adjacent bricks, by a strip 50, which will be described below in relation to FIG. 3, introduced simultaneously into the mortise 26 of a brick and the

mortise 30 of the adjacent brick.

  Thus each brick of the wall is joined, without glue or cement, to all neighboring bricks in an extremely simple way, which provides maximum resistance

for a wall thus formed.

  The locking strip 50, as illustrated in perspective in FIG. 3, has a cross-section in the shape of two opposite male dovetails joined by their short sides or, in other words, in the shape of a butterfly. The length of the strip corresponds either to the height of a brick, or to the height of a post, or to that of a

doorframe or frame 60.

  Those skilled in the art will have understood the advantages of the invention and the flexibility of the constructions as well.

  obtained without using any cement or glue.

  To make a wall, a method is implemented comprising the following steps: a first plurality of bricks 10 are placed horizontally to form the desired length of the wall, so that the pin 24 of each brick is on the upper edge; one of the strips 50 is introduced vertically into the mortises 26, 30 of two adjacent bricks; a second plurality of bricks 10 is placed horizontally on the first plurality by sliding, making the pins 24 of the first plurality of bricks cooperate with the corresponding mortises 28 of the second plurality of bricks; one of the strips 50 is introduced vertically into the mortises 26, 30 of two adjacent bricks; and so on until the desired height of the wall is obtained; the pins 24 of the upper bricks are introduced into the mortise of the frames 42, ties or purlins; vertically arranged, at each lateral end of the wall, the posts 40 and / or jambs and / or frames 60, so that the external mortises 26, 30 of the end bricks and posts 50 or jambs or frames 60 are opposite; are introduced vertically into the outer mortises 26, 30 end bricks and that of

  posts, jambs or dormer on one of the crimps 50.

  The simplicity of the process is therefore very clear. Although we have represented and described what are currently considered to be the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is obvious that those skilled in the art will be able to make various changes and modifications thereto without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, the outer surface 12 of each wooden brick can be favorably treated to withstand the weather, and the inner surface 14 can

  wear decorative moldings or grooves.

  In addition, it is desirable that the surface (s) exposed (s) to rainwater comprises (s) a drip line 52 (see Figure 5) in line with the bare in the lower part of the brick 10. In the example shown in Figure, this drip line 52 is set back and has behind it a channel 54, so as to separate rainwater from the contact zone of two bricks located one above the other. Preferably, in the upper end of the brick, a partial hollow molding 56 is made,

  intended to receive water and to drain it.

  Also, with reference to Figure 8, where there is shown, in horizontal schematic section another embodiment of a junction between two perpendicular walls made of bricks 10, it is possible to provide "interior" walls resting on an "exterior" wall. Thus, a half-post can first be fixed to a wall by any suitable means, such as dowels, nails or screws. Preferably, these dowels, nails or screws are introduced through the mortise 42 of the half-posts so as not to be visible. The perpendicular wall is then mounted as indicated above, and a locking strip 50

  is introduced vertically into the facing mortises.

  Many variations can therefore be

  implemented in the context of the present invention.

  As will be seen, the elements described can be easily standardized for easy marketing, but without standardizing

  the constructions obtained with these elements.

* * *

Claims (6)

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S   1 - Set of building elements comprising bricks (10), posts (40), jambs, frames (60), struts and purlins, each brick (10) affecting the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped having two substantially planar parallel opposite surfaces ( 12, 14) constituting a wall of a determined height and length, separated by four successive sides (16, 18, 20, 22) forming a section of said brick, characterized in that one (18) of said sides of said brick (10) has a tenon (24) over part of its length, while a mortise (26, 28, 30) is made in the other three   said sides (16, 22, 20) over their entire length.   2 - assembly of building elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the so-called tenon (24) and mortises (26, 28, 30) of the sides of said brick affect the shape of respectively male dovetails and females.   3 - assembly of building elements according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one of said opposing surfaces (12, 14) of each brick comprises, in its lower end, a recessed drip line (52) and, in its upper end, a partial hollow molding (56), so that rainwater flowing on the drip line (52) of a brick falls   in the molding (56) of the lower brick.   4 - assembly of building elements according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that at least one mortise is formed over the entire length of said posts (40), jambs, frames (60), ties and purlins. - Set of construction elements according to   any one of the preceding claims,   characterized in that it further includes a plurality of locking strips (50) having a cross-sectional shape of two opposite male dovetails joined by their short sides.   6 - Set of construction elements according to   any one of the preceding claims,   characterized in that the said bricks (10), posts (50), jambs, frames (60), struts and purlins are made of a material chosen from wood and plastic. 7 - Method for producing a wall using the construction elements according to the   claims 1, 2 and 5, characterized by the steps   following: there is a first plurality of bricks (10) horizontally to form the desired length of the wall, so that the stud (24) of each brick is on the upper edge; one of the said strips (50) is introduced vertically into the mortises (26, 30) of two adjacent bricks; a second plurality of bricks (10) are arranged horizontally on said first plurality by sliding, by making the pins (24) of said first plurality of bricks cooperate with the corresponding mortises (28) of the second plurality of bricks; one of the said strips (50) is introduced vertically into the mortises (26, 30) of two adjacent bricks; and so on until the desired height of the wall is obtained; the tenons (24) of the upper bricks are introduced into the mortise of said struts or purlins; vertically, at each lateral end of the said wall, the posts (40), jambs and / or frames (60), so that the external mortises (26;) of the end bricks and of the said posts (40 ), jambs or frames (60) are facing each other; one introduces vertically into the external mortises (26; 30) end bricks and that of the so-called posts, jambs or uprights one of the said crimps (50).   8 - A method of producing a junction between two perpendicular walls obtained by the implementation of the method according to claim 7, characterized in that a half-post (62) is first fixed to a wall by an appropriate means (64), the perpendicular wall then being mounted, and a locking strip (50) being finally introduced   vertically in the facing mortises. : *