FR2564125A1 - CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT, STRUCTURE MOUNTED WITH THIS ELEMENT AND METHOD OF MOUNTING A STRUCTURE WITH THIS ELEMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

ELEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION, STRUCTURE MOUNTED WITH THIS ELEMENT AND METHOD OF MOUNTING A STRUCTURE WITH THIS ELEMENT. THE INVENTION CONCERNS THE ASSEMBLY OF A HOUSING STRUCTURE USING PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS. SUCH AN ELEMENT INCLUDES A RIGID PANEL ON THE STRAIGHT EDGES OF WHICH HANGING PROFILES 48 ARE FORMED. EXTENDED CONNECTION PARTS 52 ALLOW TO FIX ONE TO THE OTHER THE HANGING PROFILES OF TWO ADJACENT PANELS. APPLICATION TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSING.

Description

Element of construction, structure assembled with this element and method of

  mounting a structure with this element.

Background of the invention

  The present invention relates to a construction element and a

  modular structure mounted with this element.

  Due to the rising cost of housing construction, especially

  In developing countries or third world countries, there is a need for a housing structure that can be

  in a relatively easy and fast way compared to the methods

  current modern buildings and that is sufficiently inexpensive to be used in large numbers to reduce housing deficits. Such a structure must be sufficiently durable to withstand normal atmospheric conditions, and be aesthetically

  acceptable to the inhabitants for whom it is intended.

  The solutions that have been proposed to the problems posed above involve the use of prefabricated structures. But partly because of the choice of materials that proved unsuitable for the problems

  practices, and partly because of unsatisfactory architectural choices.

  these structures have not received wide application as

alternative form of housing.

Summary of the invention.

  The present invention relates to a construction element comprising a panel of rigid material having two opposite faces and a plurality of linear edges, at least one of these edges forming, over at least part of its length, a profile of integrated hooking, whereby the element can be attached to a similar element provided with a complementary fastening profile by means of an elongated connecting piece, profiled to fit on the two fastening profiles and

keep them together.

  Preferably, the element is made of a NIMS cement polymer material. The attachment profile is preferably constituted by an extension of the edge of the panel, with a bead on at least part of its length, this bead having a rounded outgrowth

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  -2- the edge of the panel and forming a hollow adjacent to the inner edge of the

  bead for receiving a portion of the elongated connecting piece.

  The bead is preferably formed on one side only of the extension of the edge of the panel. The bead can be profiled to have a pear-shaped section and can go thinning

towards the edge of the extension.

  The elongated connecting piece is preferably constituted by a channel-shaped profile sliding on two adjacent attachment profiles, the channel section having internal wall portions adjacent to the open side intended to receive the fastening profile beads.

  The connecting piece can also consist of material

iau NIMS.

  The invention furthermore relates to a modular structure composed of

  of a plurality of construction elements, each construction element

  comprising a panel. Each panel is made of rigid material having two opposite faces and a plurality of linear edges. At least one of these edges defines a fastening profile integrated over at least part of its length, whereby the element can be attached to a similar element having a complementary fastening profile, using a elongated connecting piece, profiled to fit on the two attachment profiles and hold them together. The elements are connected together to form a polygonal structure, this

  thanks to the elongated connecting parts that engage in

  wire hooking edges of adjacent elements.

  The structure is preferably octagonal. The structure can

  include console base modules with a general panel

  horizontally supported by a generally vertical panel, with a

  reinforcing piece extending between the horizontal panel and the

  vertical water. The structure can be mounted on a basic frame including

  a plurality of radially spaced bars to which are attached

  the lower wall panels or the base modules of the structure.

Brief description of the drawings

  The invention will now be described by way of examples in

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  Referring to the accompanying drawings which are very schematic drawings and in which: - Figure 1 shows a side view of a first dwelling house according to the invention - Figure 2 shows a plan view of the house Figure 3 shows a front view of a second dwelling house according to the invention, - Figure 4 shows a rear view of the dwelling house of Figure 3, - FIG. 5 shows a floor plan of the house of FIGS. 3 and 4; FIG. 6 represents an end view of the house of FIGS. 3 to 5; FIG. 7 represents a section along the line VII-VII of FIG. Fig. 8 shows a schematic plan view of a first building element according to the invention; Fig. 9 shows a section along line IX-IX through the building element of Fig. 8; FIG. 10 shows a section along line XX through the element of FIG. Fig. 11 shows a detailed section of part IX of Fig. 10; Fig. 12 shows a detailed section of part XII in Fig. 10; Fig. 13 shows a perspective drawing of part XIII of Fig. 10; FIG. 14 shows a side view of a second construction element according to the invention, FIG. 15 shows a section according to FIG. 14, and FIG. XXXVI-XXXVI through Fig. 14; Fig. 17 shows a plan view of a third element of

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  According to the invention, FIG. 18 shows a section along the line XXXVIII-XXXVIII through FIG. 17; FIG. 19 represents a section along the line XXXIX-XXXIV through FIG. 17,

  FIG. 20 represents a section along line XL-XL through

  Fig. 21 is a plan view of a fourth building element according to the invention; Fig. 22 is a section along line XLII-XLII through Fig. 21; Fig. 23 is a view; of a detail XLII in Figure 22 in section - Figure 24 is a view of a detail XLIV of Figure 22

in section ,.

  FIG. 25 shows a cross section of a first connecting piece according to the invention, FIG. 26 represents a cross section of a second connecting piece according to the invention, FIG. 27 represents a cross section through FIG. 28 is a plan view of a base frame for the first embodiment of a dwelling house according to the invention; FIG. a cross section of a third connecting piece according to the invention; - Figure 30 represents a cross section of a fourth connecting piece according to the invention; - Figure 31 represents a perspective view of the top of a chimney; for a dwelling house according to the invention, - Figure 32 shows a perspective view of a sink unit for a dwelling house according to the invention, - Figure 33 shows a perspective view of a VC for a dwelling house according to the invention, - Figure 34 shows a cross section of a building element according to the invention, including a window frame, and

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  FIG. 35 represents a schematic view of a third mode.

  realization of a dwelling house according to the invention.

  In the drawings, reference numeral 10 generally designates a first embodiment of a dwelling house according to the invention, and reference 20 generally designates a second

  embodiment of a dwelling house according to the invention.

  Description of a preferred embodiment

  The houses 10 and 20 are octagonal and constructed using different modular building elements according to the invention. These elements are made of polymer cement material "NIMS" developed by

Imperial Chemical Industries PLC.

  A first embodiment of a construction element 22

  according to the invention constitutes a first base module 22 for the

  Sounds 10 and 20. The base module 22 is shown in use in FIGS. 1, 3 to 7 and in more detail in FIGS. 8 to 13. The base module 22 comprises a panel 24 according to the invention. This panel is rectangular and has opposite flat faces 26 provided with side walls. The module 22 also comprises a basic element 28

  essentially plane rectangular which is oriented vertically in ser-

  vice. The panel 24 extends horizontally from the upper side of the element 28 when in use. The side wall 30 defines

  the hypothenuse of a triangular reinforcing piece 32 essential-

  flat. It extends from the vicinity of the lower side wall, in use, from the base element 28 to the vicinity of

  the free end of the base panel 24, the other two side walls

  of the reinforcing piece 32 being respectively fixed to

  the base element 28 and the base panel 24.

  The base module 22 further comprises a fixing bar

  34 elongated and relatively narrow which allows the module

  22 can be fixed to the base frame 36 or 38 (see FIG.

  11 and 28) and thereby allows the base module 22 to be anchored to the ground. The bar 34 extends in use for a short distance from the lower side of the base piece 22 in a direction parallel to the base panel 24. The bar 34 has an opening 40 which allows

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to receive a bolt 42.

  Each of the three free side walls 44 of the base panel form a hooking element 46 which extends over the entire length of the panel. The emitted profile of this element forms a protruding bead 48. In section, it has essentially the appearance of a pear. The hooking member forms a recess 50 adjacent to the associated side 44 of the panel 24

  and extending throughout its length.

  Houses 10 and 20 further include connecting pieces

  a first and a second embodiment 52 and 54 are respectively shown in Figures 25 and 26. The connecting pieces 52, 54 are generally channel-shaped.Each piece forms a cavity 56 for receive profiles

  in the form of a fastening bead 48 of the adjacent panels 24

  27. Each of the cavities is in communication with the outside through a relatively narrow passage 58 which is formed by the inwardly projecting wall portions 60

  fitting into the recesses 50 of the bead-shaped profiles of

adjacent bar 48.

  The houses 10 and 20 comprise a second base module 62. The second base module 62 can clearly be seen in use in FIG. 5. It differs from the first embodiment mainly in that its horizontal surface comprises two sections of FIG. general form

  triangular which form the corners of the octagonal structures 10 and 20.

  A third base module 74 is shown in FIG.

  The base modules 74 form the bottom of the doorway.

  Figure 3 shows a door module 84 for receiving the lower part of a door of houses 10 and 20. The door module 84

  comprises a panel according to the invention having profiles of

  chage 48 adapted to engage in the connection piece 52. The upper part of the door has a wall / wall module 88 and furthermore

  panels form the doorway.

  With regard to the plan view (see FIG. 2), the roofs 96, 98 of the houses 10 and 20 respectively comprise two parts, an outer part 100 and an inner part 102 whose perimeters form concentric octagonal figures. The perimeter of the internal part 102

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  Roofs 96 form an aperture 104 at the top 105 thereof. The roof / wall modules are shown in use in FIGS. 1 to 4 and 6 and in detail in FIGS. 14 to 16. In order to ensure rigidity, a central region 110 of an outer face of the panel 106 has an elongate projection towards the wall. and the inner surface 116 of this panel has a corresponding depression 118. The projection 114 has

condensation holes 120.

  A window module 122 is shown in use in FIGS. 1, 4, 6 and 7. This module 122 is essentially the same as the roof / wall module 88 and is also used on the walls 108 and / or on the roofs 96. , 98 houses 10 and 20. This module differs from the previous ones only in that it is molded to include a square 124

  intended to receive a window 126 or the like. The frame 124 can move

  by pivoting with respect to the remainder of the panel 106 so as to constitute an opening window in the wall 108 or the roof 96, 98 of the houses 10 and

  20. The frame 124 has at its periphery a lip or a flexible flap

  the inner projection (see Figure 34), which allows the glass 126

  to be able to simply be locked in the frame 124 and to be there

  held without the addition of putty or the like.

  Houses 10 and 20 include an external roof module 130. The

  external roof module 130 has a substantially triangular panel

  132 according to the invention. This triangular panel has two elements

  integrated members 134 which are inclined towards each other along a longitudinal axis to form an obtuse angle of about 150. The edges of the panel members 134 are provided with bead-like profiles

  48. In service, the external roof modules 130 provided

  the eight corner sections of the outer portion 100 of the roofs 96, 98.

  The roof module 130 is shown, in use, in FIGS. 1 to 4,

  6 and 7 and in detail in FIGS. 17 to 20.

  The houses 10 and 20 further include an internal roof module 136 for the inner roof portion 102 of the roofs 96, 98. The roof module 136 comprises an elongated panel 138, essentially of triangular shape according to the invention. It comprises two integrated elements 140 which are inclined towards each other along a longitudinal axis to form an obtuse angle of about 150. The outer edges of the elements of the

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- 8 -

  panel 140 are provided with hook-shaped hooking profiles

  48. Each of the elements 140 has an end section 146 which is remote from the top 105 of the roof 96, 98 and is inelined to the rest of the panel member 140 at an angle of about 128. The internal roof module 136 is shown in use in FIGS.

  4 and 6 and in detail in FIGS. 21 to 24.

  Although the house 10 is not internally partitioned the house 20 comprises an auxiliary partition module by means of which

  partitions 154 are mounted inside the house 20.

  In Fig. 28 a first base frame 36 or "spider" is shown for the house 10 with eight pivoting arms 156 (i.e. 156.1 to 156.8) having steel bars or bars of a other

  suitable material. Each of the free ends of two arms

  cents 156.7 and 156.8 has an additional bar 158 bolted to

  these and forming an angle (see Figure 11). The additional bars

  The transverse bars 159 connect the respective ends of the bars 158. The ends of the arms 156 and the crossbars 159 have openings 160 through which a bolt 42 can be introduced for bolting to each other the basic modules 22, 62 and

74 (see FIG. 11).

  In the case of house 20 two "spiders" are used. but two arms of each "spider" are omitted. While the ends of two adjacent arms 156 of the first "spider" have additional bars 158 bolted thereon at an angle, these bars being associated with the doorway 78 of the house 20, none of the

  arm 156 of the other "spider" does not require additional bar 158.

  Figure 31 shows a chimney top 164 for the house 10. This chimney passes through an opening 104 of the top 105 of the roof 96 and connects to an oil stove or the like (not shown)

  housed in the middle of the floor 166 inside the house 10 or 20.

  A sink block 168 for the houses 10 and 20 is shown in Figure 5 and in more detail in Figure 32. It is provided with a pivoting lid 170 whose underside is provided with a drainer 72 for dishes or the like , attached to it. Block 168 is housed in a

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  -9- aperture provided for this and practiced in a panel 21 of a module

appropriate base 22.

  An opening for W.C. for houses 10 and 20 is shown in FIG. 5 and is formed on another panel 24. FIG. 33 further shows a seat of W.C. 176, a cover 178, and a portion

  bowl 180 for wastewater, connected under opening 174 of the W.C.

  Another panel 24 forms yet another opening and this time to receive a sink 181, as shown in Figure 5. In addition, a shower 190 is provided. Unlike sink 168 or WC 174 and sink 181, it does not require a base module 22 or

62 modified for this.

  Houses 10 and 20 are mounted as follows: An adequate floor surface is unobstructed (eg a circle of 3

  meters is enough for the house 10).

  For house 10, the "spider" 3C is placed on the free surface of the floor and the arms 156 are pivoted so as to space them

  from each other on a regular basis.

  For house 20, the "spiders" are placed on the unobstructed floor and at a convenient distance from each other and

  rotate the arms of the two "spiders" so that they are regularly spaced

  is lying. A bolt 42 is placed through the opening 160 at a free end of each arm 156 or additional bar 158, and the lower panels hold the arms in position while a concrete bed 182 (see Fig. 11) is poured on and around the arms so that the bolts 42 protrude above. The bars of

  fixing 34 of the base modules 22, 62 and 74 are bolted by the in-

  intermediate bolts 42 at the ends of the arms of the "spider" 156.

  The base modules 22, 62 and 74 are connected together by the

  The roof / wall modules 88 and the window modules 122 are connected to the free side walls of the panels 24, 64 and 76 of the base modules 22, 62 and 74 and to each other by means of the connecting elements 52. intermediate of an additional connection module 52

  to mount the walls of houses 10 and 20.

  In addition, the roof / wall modules 88, the window modules 122 and the external roof modules 130 are connected to the free lateral walls.

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  roof / wall modules 88 and window modules 122 constituting the walls 108 of the houses 10 and 20. These modules are interconnected again via the connecting pieces 52 to form the outer roof portion 100 of the houses 10 and 20. Next, the inner roof modules (136 for house 10 and 136, 144 for house 20) are connected to the top free side walls of external roof modules 130 and roof / wall modules 88 and the roof module. window 122 of the outer roof portion 100. These inner roof modules are interconnected to form the inner roof portion 102 adjacent to the

top 105 of the roof 96, 98.

  Three partitions 154 are mounted inside the house 20 to constitute a bathroom 184 and a chamber 188 by using for each partition 154, roof / wall modules 88, a door module 84 and an auxiliary partition module 150 The upper faces 26.1 of the panels 24, 64 and 76 are used for the beds, the seats and the

storage spaces etc ...

  It will be understood from the drawings that the fastening profiles 42 of the panels according to the invention project from their side walls at any suitable angle, this angle depending mainly on the desired relative location of the elements of the invention.

construction / adjacent panels.

  The advantages of the invention at least in the example described

  Features simplicity and adaptability. Structures according to the invention

  use relatively cheap building materials and can be mounted quickly with a minimum of

  which further increases its economic interest.

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Claims (13)

  1 / Element of construction (22) comprising a panel (24) of rigid material having two opposite faces (26) and a plurality of linear edges, characterized in that at least one of the edges forms an integrated hooking profile (46) at least a portion of its length, whereby the panel can be attached to a similar panel having a   hooking profile- (46) complementary with a connection piece   an elongated element (52, 54) whose shape is adapted to the profiles of   chage and who keeps them together.   2 / Element of construction according to claim 1, characterized in that   it is made of NIMS cement polymer material.   3 / Element of construction according to claim 1 or the claim   2, characterized in that the attachment profile (46) and a prolongation   at the edge of the panel have a bead (48) over at least a portion of their length, this bead (48) having a rounded projection of the panel edge and forming a recess (50) against the inner edge of the bead for receiving a portion the connection piece elongate (52, 54).   4 / Element of construction according to claim 3, characterized in that   that the bead (48) is formed only on one of the faces of the prolon- the edge of the panel.   A building element according to claim 3 or claim 4, characterized in that the bead (48) has a pear-shaped section.   6 / Element of construction according to any one of claims 2   at 5, characterized in that the bead (48) tapers towards the edge of the extension.   7 / Element of construction according to any one of claims 1 to   Characterized in that the elongate connecting piece (52, 54) is a channel profile slidable on two adjacent attachment profiles (40), the channel section having on the open side wall portions (60). protruding inwards for the attachment of   bead (48) of the attachment profiles (46).   8 / Element of construction according to any one of claims 1 to   7, characterized in that the elongated connecting piece (52, 54) is made of NIMS material. - 12 -   9 / Modular structure constructed from a plurality of building elements, each building element (22) having a panel   (24), each panel made of rigid material having two opposite faces   and a plurality of linear edges, characterized in that at least one edge of each element forms a hooking profile (46) integrated over at least part of its length, whereby the element can be attached to a similar element having a complementary latching profile by means of an elongated connecting piece (52, 54) whose shape adapts to the latching profiles and holds them together, the elements being linked together so as to   form a polygonal structure thanks to the connecting pieces allo-   gies (52, 54) which engage the fastening profiles (46) of the edges adjacent elements.   Structure according to claim 9, characterized in that the structure ture is octagonal.   11 / Structure according to claim 9 or claim 10, characterized   characterized in that it includes construction elements in the form of console base modules (22) having a generally horizontal panel (24) supported by a generally vertical panel (28) provided with a reinforcing element (32) extending between the horizontal panel and the vertical panel (26).   12 / Structure according to claim 11, characterized in that a   domestic home appliance such as a sink (168) or a WC (174) is   included in the horizontal panel (24).   13 / Structure according to claim 9 or 10 characterized in that it comprises a construction element in the form of a wall panel (122) on   which is mounted a window frame (124).   14 / Structure according to claim 13, characterized in that the frame   window (124) is made of elastic material and comprises a   both (128) flexible device for holding the window (126).   Structure according to any one of claims 9 to 14, characterized   in that it is mounted on a base frame (36) having a plurality of radially spaced apart bars (156) to which the bottom wall panels (88) or modules are attached.   base (22, 62, 74) of the structure. - 13-   16 / Structure according to any one of claims 9 to 15, characterized   characterized in that the building elements are elements of   construction of any one of claims 1 to 8.